Nail diseases and disorders
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Nail diseases and disorders can be caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infections. Common nail conditions include discoloration, brittle nails, bruised nails, and hangnails. Specific nail disorders have identifying characteristics such as blue nails indicating circulatory issues, eggshell nails from chronic illness, and furrows from conditions like psoriasis. Nail diseases include onychomycosis caused by a fungal infection that makes nails brittle and discolored, and onychia which is a chronic nail fold inflammation. Various disorders can affect different parts of the nail like the ingrown toenails of onychocryptosis or the thickened claws of onychogryphosis.
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Nail diseases and disorders
- 2. • Nail diseases are conditions of both the nail, and the surrounding skin which result from bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Some conditions will show a green, yellow or black discoloration of the nail, depending on the nature of the infection. The main course for infection is through damaged cuticles and broken skin. • Many disorders can affect the nails. These disorders can affect any portion of the nail unit and can impact the appearance of the nail plate itself.
- 4. BLUE NAILS • It is bluish in color, may be attributed to poor blood circulation or heart disorder.
- 5. BRITTLE NAILS • It is a vertical splitting or separation of the nail plate layers at the distal (free) edge of the nail plate. Over exposure to detergent soap and other chemical solvents may attribute to the effect.
- 6. BRUISED NAILS • It shows dark purplish (almost black or brown) spots in the nail. This is usually due to injury and bleeding of the nail bed. As the nail grows, dried blood in the nail bed will also go out.
- 7. EGGSHELL NAILS • The nail plate separates from the nailbed and curves at the free edge. It may be caused by chronic illness of the systemic or nervous origin.
- 8. FURROWS • These are long ridges that run either lengthwise or across the nail. Some lengthwise ridges are normal in adults. These ridges increase with age and can also be caused by psoriasis, poor circulation and frostbite. Ridges that run across the nail are caused by high fevers, pregnancy & measles
- 9. HANGNAILS • It is a condition in which the cuticle splits around the nail. Carelessness in removing the cuticle, dryness, cutting off too much may result in hangnails. It may cause infection if not treated.
- 10. LECONYCHIA OR WHITE SPOT • White spot appears frequently in the nails. They may be caused by injury to the base of the nail. As the nail continues to grow, these white spots eventually disappear
- 11. PTERYGIUM • It is an overgrowth of cuticle which sticks to the surfaces of nail plate. Carefully remove the adhering growth by means of a cuticle nipper.
- 12. ONYCHATROPHIA • It is describe as wasting away of the nail . The nail loses its luster, shrinks and falls This can be caused by injury to the nail matrix or by internal disease.
- 13. ONYCHAUXIS OR HYPERTROPHY • It is an overgrowth of the nail usually in thickness rather than length. It is caused by an internal imbalance, such as local infection or heredity.
- 14. ONYCHOPHAGY OR BITTEN NAIL • It is a deformity of nail plate caused by biting nails. It is an acquired nervous habit which prompts the individual to chew the nail or the hardened cuticle.
- 15. ONYCHORRHEX IS OR SPLIT OR BRITTLE NAILS • It refers to split or brittle nails caused by an injury to the finger, careless filing of the nails, excessive use of cuticle solvents and nail polish removers. The nails may be extremely dry because of some granular disorder..
- 16. R I D G E S • It is caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually resulting from illness. Buffing the nails with paste polish will help remove ridges.
- 17. T R E A T I N G C U T S • It is caused by an accident during manicure service. Apply an antiseptic immediately. Do not apply nail polish on the affected area
- 19. ONYCHOMYCOSIS • It is an infectious disease caused by a vegetable parasite. The onset of the disease takes about two to three months and the attack is rarely on more than one or two nails. The appearance of the nail is frayed (worn out), brittle with furrowed surface, opaque, grayish, or yellowish in color and is lifted-up by an accumulation of epidermis underneath.
- 20. O N Y C H I A • Is a term applicable to chronic inflammation of the nail fold and nail bed (matrix). It results from the introduction of microscopic pathogen through small wounds.
- 21. ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS • It is referred to ingrown nails which affect the fingers and toenails. It is marked by nail growth into surrounding tissues and may cause infection. Incorrect trimming a shaping of nails are often responsible for ingrown nails.
- 22. ONYCHOPTOSIS • It is the periodic shedding of one or more nails, either in the whole or in part. This condition maybe a symptom of a more alarm disease such as syphilis or can result from fever, trauma systematic upset or adverse reaction to drug
- 23. ONYCHOLYSIS • It refers to the detachment of the nail from the nail bed, starting at its distal and/or lateral attachment. The most common cause of onycholysis is psoriasis
- 24. ONYCHOGRYPHOSIS OR CLAW NAILS • It pertains to extreme thickening curvature of the nails, usually it is caused by varying degree of hyperkeratosis (skin disease in which the skin gets thicker) on the distal portion of the nail bed that detaches and lifts the plate off the bed
- 25. Katherine Joy Marquez- Maaliw end…