Milady nail disease & disorder
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Milady nail disease & disorder
- 1. MILADY NAIL DISEASES & DISORDERSThe HOW and WHY :Disorders. Infections. Diseases.
- 3. TUESDAY- Intro to why we study the diseases & disorders; Hangnails WEDNESDAY- Leukonychia to Nail curvatures THURSDAY- Nail infections to diseases of the nail FRIDAY- Tissue inflammations; Review for both chapters
- 4. THE NATURAL NAIL- Health & Tips • A normal healthy nail is firm but flexible • Shiny, smooth & unspotted • No ridges, pitts or splits • Whitish, translucent with pink color of nail bed showing through •Don't cut or manipulate cuticles •Use nail hardeners sparingly -- or not at all. •Moisturize the nail bed and the cuticle. •Take biotin supplements. •Limit professional manicures- too many harsh chemicals •Avoid acetone-based polish removers •Avoid rough emery boards •Don't overdo hand washing and limit contact with cleaning chemicals.
- 5. NAIL DISORDERS A Nail Disorder is a condition caused by INJURY, DISEASE or IMBALANCE If an area is inflamed, infected, broken or swollen it should be referred to a doctor
- 6. Bruised nails Eggshell nails • Flexible • Diet • Matrix • Vitamin A
- 7. Beau’s Lines • Depressions you can feel • Width/Horizontal • Illness, injury, pregnancy , stress/ low immune • Interrupted growth Hangnail Agnail
- 8. REVIEW • How could you identify a nail disorder? • Some ways to keep your hands and nails healthy? • Can I treat a bruised nail? • Thin, flexible nails that fold over the free edge? • Depressions that run horizontally? Caused by what? • How can you prevent Hangnails?
- 9. Koilonychia- Spoon Nails • Flat then concave • Anemia • Low Iron- Low red blood cells • Celiac Disease • Petroleum Products- 22% Dioxane ( carcinogen ) 82% in haircolor, 45% in self tanners, 36% face mositurizers Leukonychia • White spots • Injury to MATRIX • Compression of capillary flow: organ failure • Zinc/Calcium deficiency • Early stages Onychomycosis • Air bubbles
- 10. Blue Nails • Lack of oxygen • Blood diseases: red blood cells produce oxygen • Heart/Lung- lack of returned oxygenated blood • Cold/Frostbite • Raynaud's; Diabetes; Lupus Melanonychia • Darkening of the nail ( Band ) • Increased melanocytes • Active- deposits of melanin • Hyperplasia- increase in pigment cells • Melanoma • Fungal infection
- 11. Discolored Nails • Surface Staining • Poor circulation • Smoking • Medications • Fungus ( Green ) Onychophagy • Bitten nails • Compulsive nail biting • Need frequent manicures
- 12. Onychorrhexis • Split/ Brittle nails • Injury • Harsh chemicals: Thio, Alkaline • Acetone/Cuticle remover • Aggressive filing • Hypothyroidism- hormones responsible for hair/skin/nail growth Plicatured Nails • Folded nail • Highly curved • Can lead to Ingrown nail • Hereditary • Injury • Highly curved matrix
- 13. Nail Pterygium • Means wing like membrane • Skin & nail adhesion • Folds fuse with matrix • Damage to eponychium & hyponychium • Lichen Planus, Raynaud's, Trauma/burns Ridges • Vertical • Uneven growth of nails • Lack of cell production • Nutrient deficiency • Buff; ridge filler
- 14. Splinter Hemorrhages • Physical trauma • Damaged capillaries • Oxidized blood • Asprin • AutoImmune
- 15. INCREASED CURVATURE NAILS Curve at free edge; the greater the curvature of the matrix, the greater the curve at the free edge Pincer. Trumpet. Onychogryposis. Onychocryptosis
- 16. INCREASED CURVATURE NAILS PINCER NAILS TRUMPET NAILS
- 17. INCREASED CURVATURE NAILS Onychogryposis • “ RAMs HORN • Thickening or enlargement • Fungal infection • One side grows faster • Trauma • Exact cause is unknown • Age- lack of new cell growth
- 18. INCREASED CURVATURE NAILS Onychocryptosis- Ingrown nails
- 19. REVIEW • White spots on the nails? What can cause them? • Increased pigment, can be a precursor to melanoma? • Spoon nail, often a result from iron deficiency? • What can cause blue fingernails? • What can cause discolored nails? • Bitten nails? • Brittle nails from harsh ingredients? • What is it called when the folds fuse with the matrix? Wing like stretch of skin • Examples of curved finger nails?
- 20. NAIL INFECTIONS
- 21. NAIL INFECTIONS FUNGI- Parasites that cause infection Grow & thrive in warm, dark, moist places Contagious- unclean implements
- 22. NAIL INFECTIONS • Discolorations are caused by a bacterial infection; it is NOT MOLD • Red, pain, pus, swelling • DO NOT treat; refer to Doctor
- 23. NAIL INFECTIONS THE GREENIES- PSEUDOMAS AERUGINOSA • Bacterial infection • Bacilli Pathogen • Starts as a small yellow discoloration • Found mostly in water • Antibiotics • Artificial nail- Moisture trapped; un adhered nail • Water evaporates; leaves minerals ( ART. nail ) • Unclean implements
- 24. 1.Wear flip flops or shower sandals when walking in warm, moist areas like gyms, locker rooms, spas, public showers, and pools. 2. Fungus can live in footwear, if getting over a previous fungus get rid of old shoes. 3.Put on a clean pair of socks every day and whenever your socks get sweaty. This helps prevent fungi from growing. 4.Wear shoes that: •Fit well (not tight) •Are made of leather, canvas, or mesh •Keep your feet dry and prevent overheating This helps prevent fungi from growing in your shoes. 5.Alternate shoes. Fungi thrive in moist places like damp shoes. You can reduce this growth by giving shoes 24 hours to dry out before wearing them again. 6.Keep your nails short; straight across & not rounded at corners. This helps prevent fungi and other germs from getting under your nails. 7.Sanitize your nail clipper before using it. Never share nail clippers, shoes etc. 8.Keep feet clean & dry; avoid having damp or sweaty feet for too long 9.Moisturize dry skin. Fungi can get in through small cracks in your skin; moisturize within 5 minutes of bathing and after washing your hands. TIPS TO PREVENT SPREADING OF BACTERIA/FUNGI
- 25. DISEASES OF THE NAIL ONYCHOSIS Any deformity, disorder or disease of the nail Ends in SIS/OSIS- means disease
- 26. DISEASES OF THE NAIL ONYCHIA ( chia means inflammation) • Inflammation of the nail matrix • Pus & eventual shedding of the nail • Caused by skin openings in nail fold • Bacteria, fungi • Improper disinfected implements ONYCHAUXIS • Thickening of nail plate • Hypertrophy • Injury • Repetition- natural protection • Old age- less cell production • Prone to Nail infections
- 27. DISEASES OF THE NAIL ONYCHOLYSIS ONYCHOMADESIS • Lifting of nail plate • Starts at top/ free edge • Does NOT ALWAYS shed nail • Bacteria/ Fungus • Repetitive tapping • Psoriasis • Trauma • Removal of ART. nails • Separation of nail plate from bed • Starts at base of nail • Eventual falling off ( will fall off ) • Cessation of nail cell production • Injury/ Infection • Medical treatments
- 28. REVIEW • What is a fungus? What conditions does it need to survive? • Pseudomas aeruginosa is a bacteria or a mold? • Name for any disease of the nail? • Inflammation of the matrix; small openings that allow bacteria in? • Thickening of the nail? • Lifting of nail plate from free edge; with or without shedding of nail? • Lifting AND falling off of nail from base
- 29. DISEASES OF THE NAIL- NAIL PSORIASIS • Autoimmune • Tiny pits, rough patches on nail • Looks like nail has been aggressively filed • Can be yellow, brown, red under the nail • Seen with plague psoriasis • Painful PYOGENIC GRANULOMA • Severe inflammation • Tissue grows from bed to plate • Benign tumor • Bleeding/ painful; can become calcified • No known cause; rapid capillaries/ blood vessel growth Starts with a P- refers to tissue
- 30. DISEASES OF THE NAIL- PARONYCHIA ( Chia means inflammation ) Starts with a P- refers to tissue
- 31. DISEASES OF THE NAIL ONYCHOMYCOSIS • Tinea unguium • Fungal Infection • Effects whole nail plate • Contagious • Foul smell • Pain/discomfort Tinea means fungal infection TINEA PEDIS • Fungal infection • Ring worm of foot • Contagious • Athletes foot • Itchy blisters; sole and inbetween toes • Thrives in warm, moist, dark places • Showers, gyms, pools, locker rooms
- 32. REVIEW • Bacterial infection of the tissue around the nail? • Severe inflammation with an exposed lump of tissue? • Athletes foot? • Fungal infection causes eventual crumble of nails, highly contagious