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  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
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  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazoline compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of those compounds or compositions for phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition and treating diseases associated with phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) activity, in particular treating hyper-proliferative and/or angiogenesis disorders, as a sole agent or in combination with other active ingredients.
• PI3K phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase
• lipid kinases In addition to the actions of protein kinases, lipid kinases also play an important role in generating critical regulatory second messengers.
• the PI3K family of lipid kinases generates 3'- phosphoinositides that bind to and activate a variety of cellular targets, initiating a wide range of signal transduction cascades (Vanhaesebroeck et al., 2001 ; Toker, 2002; Pendaries et al., 2003; Downes et al., 2005). These cascades ultimately induce changes in multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell survival, differentiation, vesicle trafficking, migration, and chemotaxis.
• PI3Ks can be divided into three distinct classes based upon differences in both structure, and substrate preference. While members of the Class Il family of PI3Ks have been implicated in the regulation of tumor growth (Brown and Shepard, 2001 ; Traer et al., 2006), the bulk of research has focused on the Class I enzymes and their role in cancer (Vivanco And Sawyers, 2002; Workman, 2004, Chen et al., 2005; Hennessey et al., 2005; Stauffer ef al., 2005; Stephens et al., 2005; Cully et al., 2006).
• Class I PI3Ks have traditionally been divided into two distinct sub-classes based upon differences in protein subunit composition.
• the Class I A PI3Ks are comprised of a catalytic p110 catalytic subunit (pl lO ⁇ , ⁇ or ⁇ ) heterodimerized with a member of the p85 regulatory subunit family.
• the Class I B PI3K catalytic subunit (pl lO ⁇ ) heterodimerizes with a distinct p101 regulatory subunit (reviewed by Vanhaesebroeck and Waterfield, 1999; Funaki et al., 2000; Katso et al., 2001).
• the C-terminal region of these proteins contains a catalytic domain that possesses distant homology to protein kinases.
• the PI3K ⁇ structure is similar to Class I A p110s, but lacks the N-terminal p85 binding site (Domin and Waterfield, 1997). Though similar in overall structure, the homology between catalytic p110 subunits is low to moderate. The highest homology between the PI3K isoforms is in the kinase pocket of the kinase domain.
• the Class I A PI3K isoforms associate with activated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) (including PDGFR 1 EGFR, VEGFR, IGF1-R, c-KIT, CSF-R and Met), or with tyrosine phosphorylated adapter proteins (such as Grb2, CbI, IRS-1 or Gab1 ), via their p85 regulatory subunits resulting in stimulation of the lipid kinase activity.
• RTKs receptor tyrosine kinases
• tyrosine phosphorylated adapter proteins such as Grb2, CbI, IRS-1 or Gab1
• the oncogenic activity of these isoforms may require binding to ras (Kang et al., 2006).
• the p110 ⁇ and pl lO ⁇ isoforms exhibit oncogenic activity independent of ras binding, through constitutive activation of Akt.
• Class I PI3Ks catalyze the conversion of PI(4,5)P 2 [PIP 2 ] to PI(3,4,5)P 3 [PIP 3 ].
• the production of PIP 3 by PI3K affects multiple signaling processes that regulate and coordinate the biological end points of cell proliferation, cell survival, differentiation and cell migration.
• PIP 3 is bound by Pleckstrin-Homology (PH) domain-containing proteins, including the phosphoinositide-dependent kinase, PDK1 and the Akt proto-oncogene product, localizing these proteins in regions of active signal transduction and also contributing directly to their activation (Klippel et al., 1997; Fleming et al., 2000; ltoh and Takenawa, 2002; Lemmon, 2003). This co-localization of PDK1 with Akt facilitates the phosphorylation and activation of Akt.
• PH Pleckstrin-Homology
• Akt Carboxy-terminal phosphorylation of Akt on Ser 473 promotes phosphorylation of Thr 308 in the Akt activation loop (Chan and Tsichlis, 2001 ; Hodgekinson et al., 2002; Scheid et al., 2002; Hresko et al., 2003).
• Akt phosphorylates and regulates multiple regulatory kinases of pathways that directly influence cell cycle progression and cell survival.
• Akt Akt promotes tumor cell survival by regulating components of the apoptotic and cell cycle machinery.
• Akt is one of several kinases that phosphorylate and inactivate pro-apoptotic BAD proteins (del Paso et al., 1997; Pastorino et al., 1999).
• Akt may also promote cell survival through blocking cytochrome C-dependent caspase activation by phosphorylating Caspase 9 on Ser 196 (Cardone et al., 1998).
• Akt impacts gene transcription on several levels.
• the Akt-mediated phosphorylation of the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase on Ser 166 and Ser 186 facilitates the nuclear import of MDM2 and the formation and activation of the ubiquitin ligase complex.
• Nuclear MDM2 targets the p53 tumor suppressor for degradation, a process that can be blocked by LY294002 (Yap et al., 2000; Ogarawa et al., 2002). Downregulation of p53 by MDM2 negatively impacts the transcription of p53-regulated pro-apoptotic genes (e.g.
• Forkhead activity also impacts pro-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic gene transcription including the transcription of Fas ligand (Ciechomska et al., 2003) Bim, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member (Dijkers et al., 2000), and the Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) antagonist, Ang-2 (Daly et al., 2004).
• Fas ligand Ciechomska et al., 2003
• Bim a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member
• Ang-1 Angiopoietin-1
• Ang-2 Angiopoietin-1
• Forkhead transcription factors regulate the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27 K ⁇ p1 .
• PI3K inhibitors have been demonstrated to induce p27 K ⁇ p1 expression resulting in Cdk1 inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (Dijkers et al., 2000).
• Akt is also reported to phosphorylate p21 Cip1 on Thr 145 and p27 Kip1 on Thr 157 facilitating their association with 14-3-3 proteins, resulting in nuclear export and cytoplasmic retention, preventing their inhibition of nuclear Cdks (Zhou et al., 2001 ; Motti et al., 2004; Sekimoto et al., 2004).
• Akt phosphorylates IKK (Romashkova and Makarov, 1999), leading to the phosphorylation and degradation of IKB and subsequent nuclear translocation of NFKB, resulting in the expression of survival genes such as IAP and Bcl-X L .
• Akt is postulated to suppress JNK and pS ⁇ 1 ⁇ * signaling through the phosphorylation and inhibition of two JNK/p38 regulatory kinases, Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1
• MLK3 Kinase 3 (MLK3) (Lopez-llasaca et al., 1997; Barthwal et al., 2003; Figueroa et al., 2003;).
• MLK3 Kinase 3
• cytotoxic agents The induction of p38 MAPK activity is observed in tumors treated with cytotoxic agents and is required for those agents to induce cell death (reviewed by Olson and Hallahan, 2004).
• inhibitors of the PI3K pathway may promote the activities of coadministered cytotoxic drugs.
• GSK3 activity is elevated in quiescent cells, where it phosphorylates cyclin D 1 on Ser 286 , targeting the protein for ubiquitination and degradation (Diehl et ai, 1998) and blocking entry into S- phase.
• Akt inhibits GSK3 activity through phosphorylation on Ser 9 (Cross et ai, 1995). This results in the elevation of Cyclin Di levels which promotes cell cycle progression.
• Inhibition of GSK3 activity also impacts cell proliferation through activation of the wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway (Abbosh and Nephew, 2005; Naito et ai, 2005; Wilker et ai, 2005; Kim et ai, 2006; Segrelles et ai, 2006).
• Akt mediated phosphorylation of GSK3 results in stabilization and nuclear localization of the beta-catenin protein, which in turn leads to increased expression of c-myc and cyclin D1 , targets of the beta-catenin/Tcf pathway.
• PI3K signaling is utilized by many of the signal transduction networks associated with both oncogenes and tumor suppressors, PI3K and its activity have been linked directly to cancer.
• Overexpression of both the pllOoc and pl lO ⁇ isoforms has been observed in bladder and colon tumors and cell lines, and overexpression generally correlates with increased PI3K activity (Benistant et ai, 2000).
• Overexpression of p110 ⁇ has also been reported in ovarian and cervical tumors and tumor cell lines, as well as in squamous cell lung carcinomas. The overexpression of p110 ⁇ in cervical and ovarian tumor lines is associated with increased PI3K activity (Shayesteh et ai, 1999; Ma et ai, 2000). Elevated PI3K activity has been observed in colorectal carcinomas (Phillips et ai, 1998) and increased expression has been observed in breast carcinomas (Gershtein et ai, 1999).
• PIK3CA mutations have been reported in oligodendroma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, and thyroid tumors as well (Broderick et al., 2004; Garcia-Rostan et al., 2005). Based upon the observed high frequency of mutation, PIK3CA is one of the two most frequently mutated genes associated with cancer, the other being K-ras. More than 80% of the PIK3CA mutations cluster within two regions of the protein, the helical (E545K) and catalytic (H 1047R) domains.
• siRNA-mediated downregulation of pllO ⁇ inhibits both Akt phosphorylation and HeLa cell tumor growth in nude mice (Czaudema et al., 2003).
• siRNA-mediated downregulation of pl lO ⁇ was also shown to inhibit the growth of malignant glioma cells in vitro and in vivo (Pu et al., 2006). Inhibition of PI3K function by dominant-negative p85 regulatory subunits can block mitogenesis and cell transformation (Huang et al., 1996; Rahimi et al., 1996).
• Overexpression of Class I PI3K activity, or stimulation of their lipid kinase activities, is associated with resistance to both targeted (such as imatinib and tratsuzumab) and cytotoxic chemotherapeutic approaches, as well as radiation therapy (West et al., 2002; Gupta et al., 2003; Osaki et al., 2004; Nagata et al., 2004; Gottschalk et al., 2005; Kim et al., 2005).
• Activation of PI3K has also been shown to lead to expression of multidrug resistant protein-1 (MRP-1 ) in prostate cancer cells and the subsequent induction of resistance to chemotherapy (Lee et al., 2004).
• MRP-1 multidrug resistant protein-1
• PI3K signaling in tumorigenesis is further underscored by the findings that the PTEN tumor suppressor, a PI(3)P phosphatase, is among the most commonly inactivated genes in human cancers (Li et a/., 1997, Steck et al., 1997; AIi et al., 1999; lshii et al., 1999). PTEN dephosphorylates PI(3,4,5)P 3 to PI(4,5)P 2 thereby antagonizing PI3K-dependent signaling.
• Cells containing functionally inactive PTEN have elevated levels of PIP 3 , high levels of activity of PI3K signaling (Haas-Kogan et al., 1998; Myers et al., 1998; Taylor et al., 2000), increased proliferative potential, and decreased sensitivity to pro-apoptotic stimuli (Stambolic et al., 1998).
• Reconstitution of a functional PTEN suppresses PI3K signaling (Taylor et al., 2000), inhibits cell growth and re-sensitizes cells to pro-apoptotic stimuli (Myers et al., 1998; Zhao et al., 2004).
• the class I family of PI3Ks clearly plays an important role in the regulation of multiple signal transduction pathways that promote cell survival and cell proliferation, and activation of their lipid kinase activity contributes significantly to the development of human malignancies. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K may potentially circumvent the cellular mechanisms that underlie resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.
• a potent inhibitor of Class I PI3K activities would therefore have the potential not only to inhibit tumor growth but to also sensitize tumor cells to pro-apoptotic stimuli in vivo.
• Signal transduction pathways originating from chemoattractant receptors are considered to be important targets in controlling leukocyte motility in inflammatory diseases.
• Leukocyte trafficking is controlled by chemoattractant factors that activate heterotrimeric GPCRs and thereby trigger a variety of downstream intracellular events.
• Signal transduction along one of these pathways that results in mobilization of free Ca 2+ , cytoskelatal reorganization, and directional movement depends on lipid-dervied second messengers producted by PI3K activity (Wymann et al., 2000; Stein and Waterfield, 2000).
• PBK ⁇ modulates baseline cAMP levels and controls contractility in cells. Recent research indicates that alterations in baseline cAMP levels contributes to the increased contractility in mutant mice. This research, therefore, shows that PDK ⁇ inhibitors would afford potential treatments for congestive heart failure, ischemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure, cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, and diabetes.
• PI3K inhibitors would be expected to block signal transduction from GPCRs and block the activation of various immune cells, leading to a broad anti-inflammatory profile with potential for the treatment of inflammatory and immunoregulatory diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, allergic diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), septic shock, joint diseases, autoimmune pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and Graves' disease, diabetes, cancer, myocardial contractility disorders, thromboembolism, and atherosclerosis.
• inflammatory and immunoregulatory diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, allergic diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), septic shock, joint diseases, autoimmune pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and Graves' disease, diabetes, cancer, myocardial contractility disorders, thromboembolism, and atherosclerosis.
• PI3K inhibitor compounds and compositions described herein including salts, metabolites, solvates, solvates of salts, hydrates, and stereoisomeric forms thereof, exhibit anti-proliferative activity and are thus useful to prevent or treat the disorders associated with hyper-proliferation.
• One embodiment of this invention encompasses a compound having the formula (I):
• R 1 is -(CH 2 ) n -(CHR 4 )-(CH 2 ) m -N(R 5 )(R 5 );
• R 2 is a heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 R 6 groups;
• R 3 is alkyl or cycloalkyl
• R 4 is hydrogen, hydroxy or alkoxy and R 5 and R 5 may be the same or different and are independently, hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalklyl, or alkoxyalkyl or R 5 and R 5' may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound to form a 3-7 membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring optionally containing at least one additional heteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur and which may be optionally substituted with 1 or more R 6 groups, or R 4 and R 5 may be taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 5-6 membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring optionally containing 1 or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms and which may be optionally substituted with 1 or more R 6 groups;
• each occurrence of R 6 may be the same or different and is independently halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalklyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclic ring, heterocyclylalkyl, alkyl-OR 7 , alkyl-SR 7 , alkyl-N(R 7 )(R 7' ), alkyl-COR 7 ,-CN, -COOR 7 , -CON(R 7 XR 7' ), -OR 7 , -SR 7 , -N(R 7 )(R 7 ), or -NR 7 COR 7 each of which may be optionally substituted with 1 or more R 8 groups;
• each occurrence of R 6 may be the same or different and is independently alkyl, cycloalkylalklyl, or alkyl-OR ; each occurrence of R 7 and R 7 may be the same or different and is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalklyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic ring, heterocyclylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl;
• each occurrence of R 8 is independently nitro, hydroxy, cyano, formyl, acetyl, halogen, amino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalklyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic ring, heterocyclylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl;
• n is an integer from 1-4 and m is an integer from 0-4 with the proviso that when when R 4 and R 5 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 5-6 membered nitrogen containing ring, n + m ⁇ 4.
• the invention encompasses the compound of Formula (I), wherein R 2 is a nitrogen containing heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R 6 groups.
• the invention encompasses the compound of Formula (I), wherein R 5 and R 5 are independently alkyl;
• the invention encompasses the compound of Formula (I), wherein R 5 and R 5 are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound to form a 5-6 membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring containing at least one additional heteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur and which may be optionally substituted with 1 or more R 6 groups.
• the invention encompasses the compound of Formula (I), wherein R 4 is hydroxy.
• the invention encompasses the compound of Formula (I), wherein R 4 and R 5 are taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form a 5-6 membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring optionally containing 1 or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms and which may be optionally substituted with 1 or more R 6 groups.
• the invention encompasses the compound of Formula (I) 1 wherein R 3 is methyl.
• the invention encompasses the compound of Formula (I), wherein R 2 is pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyrole, oxazole, thiazole, furan or thiophene, optionally substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 R 6 groups; more preferably pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyrole, oxazole or thiazole, optionally substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 R 6 groups.
• the invention encompasses a compound of formula (Ia)
• the invention encompasses a compound of formula (Ib)
• the invention encompasses a compound of formula (Ic)
• the invention encompasses a compound of the formula (Id):
• the invention encompasses a compound of the formula (Ie):
• the invention encompasses a compound of formula (I) - (V), wherein R 2 is pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyrole, oxazole, thiazole, furan or thiophene, optionally substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 R 6 groups; more preferrably wherein R 2 is pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyrole, oxazole or thiazole, optionally substituted with 1 , 2 or 3 R 6 groups.
• the invention encompasses a compound having the formula:
• 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl)nicotinamide N-[7-methoxy-8-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5- yl]-1 -methyl-1 H-imidazole-5-carboxamide; 6-amino-N-[7-methoxy-8-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2- c]quinazolin-5-yl]-2-methylnicotinamide;
• the invention encompasses a compound having the formula:
• the compounds of the present invention display surprising activity for the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and chemical and structural stability over those compounds of the prior art. It is believed that this surprising activity is based on the chemical structure of the compounds, in particular the basicity of the compounds as a result of R 1 being amino optionally substituted with R 5 and R 5' . Further, the appropriate choice of R 3 and R 2 provide the necessary activity against the appropriate isoforms to allow for activity in vivo.
• alkyP refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing no unsaturation, having from one to eight carbon atoms, and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, such as illustratively, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl 1- methylethyl (isopropyl), n-butyl, n-pentyl, and 1 ,1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl).
• alkenyl refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a carbon-carbon double bond and which may be a straight or branched or branched chain having about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, e.g., ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl (allyl), iso-propenyl, 2- methyl-l-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-and butenyl.
• alkynyl refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbonyl radicals having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, and having in the range of about 2 up to 12 carbon atoms (with radicals having in the range of about 2 up to 10 carbon atoms presently being preferred) e.g., ethynyl.
• alkoxy denotes an alkyl group as defined herein attached via oxygen linkage to the rest of the molecule. Representative examples of those groups are methoxy and ethoxy.
• alkoxyakyl denotes an alkoxy group as defined herein attached via oxygen linkage to an alkyl group which is then attached to the main structure at any carbon from alkyl group that results in the creation of a stable structure the rest of the molecule.
• Representative examples of those groups are -CH 2 OCH 3 , -CH 2 OC 2 H 5 .
• cycloalkyl denotes a non-aromatic mono or multicyclic ring system of about 3 to 12 carbon atoms such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and examples of multicyclic cycloalkyl groups include perhydronapththyl, adamantyl and norbornyl groups bridged cyclic group or sprirobicyclic groups e.g sprio (4,4) non-2-yl.
• cycloalkylalkyl refers to cyclic ring-containing radicals containing in the range of about about 3 up to 8 carbon atoms directly attached to alkyl group which is then also attached to the main structure at any carbon from the alkyl group that results in the creation of a stable structure such as cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobuyylethyl, cyclopentylethyl.
• aryl refers to aromatic radicals having in the range of 6 up to 14 carbon atoms such as phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronapthyl, indanyl, biphenyl .
• arylalkyl refers to an aryl group as defined herein directly bonded to an alkyl group as defined herein which is then attached to the main structure at any carbon from alkyl group that results in the creation of a stable structure the rest of the molecule, e.g., - -CH 2 CeHs, -C 2 HsCeHs .
• heterocyclic ring refers to a stable 3- to 15 membered ring radical which consists of carbon atoms and from one to five heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen and sulfur.
• the heterocyclic ring radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system, which may include fused, bridged or spiro ring systems, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, oxygen or sulfur atoms in the heterocyclic ring radical may be optionally oxidized to various oxidation states.
• the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized; and the ring radical may be partially or fully saturated (i.e., heteroaromatic or heteroaryl aromatic).
• heterocyclic ring radicals include, but are not limited to, azetidinyl, acridinyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxanyl, benzofurnyl, carbazolyl cinnolinyl dioxolanyl, indolizinyl, naphthyridinyl, perhydroazepinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazil, pyridyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrazoyl, imidazolyl tetrahydroisouinolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 2- oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, 2-
• heteroaryl refers to heterocyclic ring radical as defined herein which are aromatic.
• the heteroaryl ring radical may be attached to the main structure at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in the creation of a stable structure.
• the heterocyclic ring radical may be attached to the main structure at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in the creation of a stable structure.
• heteroarylalkyl refers to heteroaryl ring radical as defined herein directly bonded to alkyl group.
• the heteroarylalkyl radical may be attached to the main structure at any carbon atom from alkyl group that results in the creation of a stable structure.
• heterocyclyl refers to a heterocylic ring radical as defined herein.
• the heterocylyl ring radical may be attached to the main structure at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in the creation of a stable structure.
• heterocyclylalkyl refers to a heterocylic ring radical as defined herein directly bonded to alkyl group.
• the heterocyclylalkyl radical may be attached to the main structure at carbon atom in the alkyl group that results in the creation of a stable structure.
• carbonyl refers to an oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of the molecule by a double bond.
• halogen refers to radicals of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• the compounds of this invention may contain one or more asymmetric centers, depending upon the location and nature of the various substituents desired.
• Asymmetric carbon atoms may be present in the (R) or (S) configuration, resulting in racemic mixtures in the case of a single asymmetric center, and diastereomeric mixtures in the case of multiple asymmetric centers.
• asymmetry may also be present due to restricted rotation about a given bond, for example, the central bond adjoining two substituted aromatic rings of the specified compounds.
• Substituents on a ring may also be present in either cis or trans form. It is intended that all such configurations (including enantiomers and diastereomers), are included within the scope of the present invention. Preferred compounds are those, which produce the more desirable biological activity. Separated, pure or partially purified isomers and stereoisomers or racemic or diastereomeric mixtures of the compounds of this invention are also included within the scope of the present invention. The purification and the separation of such materials can be accomplished by standard techniques known in the art.
• the present invention also relates to useful forms of the compounds as disclosed herein, such as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, co-precipitates, metabolites, hydrates, solvates and prodrugs of all the compounds of examples.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a relatively non-toxic, inorganic or organic acid addition salt of a compound of the present invention. For example, see S. M. Berge, et al. "Pharmaceutical Salts," J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66, 1-19.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those obtained by reacting the main compound, functioning as a base, with an inorganic or organic acid to form a salt, for example, salts of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methane sulfonic acid, camphor sulfonic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid and citric acid.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include those in which the main compound functions as an acid and is reacted with an appropriate base to form, e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, and chorine salts.
• acid addition salts of the claimed compounds may be prepared by reaction of the compounds with the appropriate inorganic or organic acid via any of a number of known methods.
• alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of acidic compounds of the invention are prepared by reacting the compounds of the invention with the appropriate base via a variety of known methods.
• salts of the compounds of this invention include the conventional nontoxic salts and the quaternary ammonium salts which are formed, for example, from inorganic or organic acids or bases by means well known in the art.
• acid addition salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cinnamate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, chloride, bromide, iodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, itaconate, lactate, maleate, mandelate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthal
• Base salts include alkali metal salts such as potassium and sodium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, and ammonium salts with organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine and N-methyl-D-glucamine. Additionally, basic nitrogen containing groups may be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl sulfate, or diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and strearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides and others.
• lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl chlorides,
• a solvate for the purpose of this invention is a complex of a solvent and a compound of the invention in the solid state.
• Exemplary solvates would include, but are not limited to, complexes of a compound of the invention with ethanol or methanol. Hydrates are a specific form of solvate wherein the solvent is water.
• compositions of the compounds of the invention are provided.
• compositions containing one or more compounds of the present invention can be utilized to achieve the desired pharmacological effect by administration to a patient in need thereof.
• a patient for the purpose of this invention, is a mammal, including a human, in need of treatment for the particular condition or disease. Therefore, the present invention includes pharmaceutical compositions that are comprised of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound, or salt thereof, of the present invention.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is preferably a carrier that is relatively non-toxic and innocuous to a patient at concentrations consistent with effective activity of the active ingredient so that any side effects ascribable to the carrier do not vitiate the beneficial effects of the active ingredient.
• a pharmaceutically effective amount of compound is preferably that amount which produces a result or exerts an influence on the particular condition being treated.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered with pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers well known in the art using any effective conventional dosage unit forms, including immediate, slow and timed release preparations, orally, parenterally, topically, nasally, ophthalmically, optically, sublingually, rectally, vaginally, and the like.
• the compounds can be formulated into solid or liquid preparations such as capsules, pills, tablets, troches, lozenges, melts, powders, solutions, suspensions, or emulsions, and may be prepared according to methods known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions.
• the solid unit dosage forms can be a capsule that can be of the ordinary hard- or soft-shelled gelatin type containing, for example, surfactants, lubricants, and inert fillers such as lactose, sucrose, calcium phosphate, and corn starch.
• the compounds of this invention may be tableted with conventional tablet bases such as lactose, sucrose and cornstarch in combination with binders such as acacia, corn starch or gelatin, disintegrating agents intended to assist the break-up and dissolution of the tablet following administration such as potato starch, alginic acid, corn starch, and guar gum, gum tragacanth, acacia, lubricants intended to improve the flow of tablet granulation and to prevent the adhesion of tablet material to the surfaces of the tablet dies and punches, for example talc, stearic acid, or magnesium, calcium or zinc stearate, dyes, coloring agents, and flavoring agents such as peppermint, oil of wintergreen, or cherry flavoring, intended to enhance the aesthetic qualities of the tablets and make them more acceptable to the patient.
• binders such as acacia, corn starch or gelatin
• disintegrating agents intended to assist the break-up and dissolution of the tablet following administration such as potato starch, alginic acid, corn star
• Suitable excipients for use in oral liquid dosage forms include dicalcium phosphate and diluents such as water and alcohols, for example, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, and polyethylene alcohols, either with or without the addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant, suspending agent or emulsifying agent.
• Various other materials may be present as coatings or to otherwise modify the physical form of the dosage unit. For instance tablets, pills or capsules may be coated with shellac, sugar or both.
• Dispersible powders and granules are suitable for the preparation of an aqueous suspension. They provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, a suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example those sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents described above, may also be present.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions.
• the oily phase may be a vegetable oil such as liquid paraffin or a mixture of vegetable oils.
• Suitable emulsifying agents may be (1 ) naturally occurring gums such as gum acacia and gum tragacanth, (2) naturally occurring phosphatides such as soy bean and lecithin, (3) esters or partial esters derived form fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example, sorbitan monooleate, (4) condensation products of said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
• the emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents.
• Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil such as, for example, arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin.
• the oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent such as, for example, beeswax, hard paraffin, or cetyl alcohol.
• the suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example, ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; one or more coloring agents; one or more flavoring agents; and one or more sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin.
• Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents such as, for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, and preservative, such as methyl and propyl parabens and flavoring and coloring agents.
• sweetening agents such as, for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose.
• Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, and preservative, such as methyl and propyl parabens and flavoring and coloring agents.
• the compounds of this invention may also be administered parenterally, that is, subcutaneously, intravenously, intraocularly, intrasynovially, intramuscularly, or interperitoneally, as injectable dosages of the compound in preferably a physiologically acceptable diluent with a pharmaceutical carrier which can be a sterile liquid or mixture of liquids such as water, saline, aqueous dextrose and related sugar solutions, an alcohol such as ethanol, isopropanol, or hexadecyl alcohol, glycols such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, glycerol ketals such as 2,2-dimethyl-1 ,1-dioxolane-4-methanol, ethers such as poly(ethylene glycol) 400, an oil, a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester or, a fatty acid glyceride, or an acetylated fatty acid glyceride, with or without the addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant
• Suitable fatty acids include oleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid and myristic acid.
• Suitable fatty acid esters are, for example, ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate.
• Suitable soaps include fatty acid alkali metal, ammonium, and triethanolamine salts and suitable detergents include cationic detergents, for example dimethyl dialkyl ammonium halides, alkyl pyridinium halides, and alkylamine acetates; anionic detergents, for example, alkyl, aryl, and olefin sulfonates, alkyl, olefin, ether, and monoglyceride sulfates, and sulfosuccinates; non-ionic detergents, for example, fatty amine oxides, fatty acid alkanolamides, and poly(oxyethylene-oxypropylene)s or ethylene oxide or propylene oxide copolymers; and amphoteric detergents, for example, alkyl-beta-aminopropionates, and 2-alkylimidazoline quarternary ammonium salts, as well as mixtures.
• suitable detergents include cationic detergents, for example di
• compositions of this invention will typically contain from about 0.5% to about 25% by weight of the active ingredient in solution. Preservatives and buffers may also be used advantageously. In order to minimize or eliminate irritation at the site of injection, such compositions may contain a non-ionic surfactant having a hydrophile- lipophile balance (HLB) preferably of from about 12 to about 17. The quantity of surfactant in such formulation preferably ranges from about 5% to about 15% by weight.
• the surfactant can be a single component having the above HLB or can be a mixture of two or more components having the desired HLB.
• surfactants used in parenteral formulations are the class of polyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, for example, sorbitan monooleate and the high molecular weight adducts of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base, formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol.
• compositions may be in the form of sterile injectable aqueous suspensions.
• suspensions may be formulated according to known methods using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents such as, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents which may be a naturally occurring phosphatide such as lecithin, a condensation product of an alkylene oxide with a fatty acid, for example, polyoxyethylene stearate, a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a long chain aliphatic alcohol, for example, heptadeca-ethyleneoxycetanol, a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived form a fatty acid and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or a condensation product of an ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived from a
• the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent.
• Diluents and solvents that may be employed are, for example, water, Ringer's solution, isotonic sodium chloride solutions and isotonic glucose solutions.
• sterile fixed oils are conventionally employed as solvents or suspending media.
• any bland, fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
• fatty acids such as oleic acid can be used in the preparation of injectables.
• composition of the invention may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the drug.
• These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritation excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
• suitable non-irritation excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
• suitable non-irritation excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
• Such materials are, for example, cocoa butter and polyethylene glycol.
• transdermal delivery devices Such transdermal patches may be used to provide continuous or discontinuous infusion of the compounds of the present invention in controlled amounts.
• the construction and use of transdermal patches for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents is well known in the art (see, e.g., US Patent No. 5,023,252, issued June 11 , 1991 , incorporated herein by reference).
• patches may be constructed for continuous, pulsatile, or on demand delivery of pharmaceutical agents.
• Controlled release formulations for parenteral administration include liposomal, polymeric microsphere and polymeric gel formulations that are known in the art.
• a mechanical delivery device It may be desirable or necessary to introduce the pharmaceutical composition to the patient via a mechanical delivery device.
• the construction and use of mechanical delivery devices for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents is well known in the art.
• Direct techniques for, for example, administering a drug directly to the brain usually involve placement of a drug delivery catheter into the patient's ventricular system to bypass the blood-brain barrier.
• One such implantable delivery system, used for the transport of agents to specific anatomical regions of the body is described in US Patent No. 5,011 ,472, issued April 30, 1991.
• compositions of the invention can also contain other conventional pharmaceutically acceptable compounding ingredients, generally referred to as carriers or diluents, as necessary or desired.
• Conventional procedures for preparing such compositions in appropriate dosage forms can be utilized. Such ingredients and procedures include those described in the following references, each of which is incorporated herein by reference: Powell, M. F. et al, "Compendium of Excipients for Parenteral Formulations” PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology 1998, 52(5), 238-311 ; Strickley, R. G "Parenteral Formulations of Small Molecule Therapeutics Marketed in the United States (1999)-Part-1" PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology 1999, 53(6), 324-349; and Nema, S. et al, "Excipients and Their Use in Injectable Products” PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology 1997, 51 (4), 166-171.
• compositions for its intended route of administration include:
• acidifying agents include but are not limited to acetic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid);
• alkalinizing agents examples include but are not limited to ammonia solution, ammonium carbonate, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, potassium hydroxide, sodium borate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine, trolamine;
• adsorbents examples include but are not limited to powdered cellulose and activated charcoal
• aerosol propellants examples include but are not limited to carbon dioxide, CCI 2 F 2 , F 2 CIC-CCIF 2 and CCIF 3 )
• air displacement agents examples include but are not limited to nitrogen and argon
• antifungal preservatives examples include but are not limited to benzoic acid, butylparaben, ethylparaben, methylparaben, propylparaben, sodium benzoate
• antimicrobial preservatives examples include but are not limited to benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorobutanol, phenol, phenylethyl alcohol, phenylmercuric nitrate and thimerosal;
• antioxidants examples include but are not limited to ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, hypophosphorus acid, monothioglycerol, propyl gallate, sodium ascorbate, sodium bisulfite, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, sodium metabisulfite);
• binding materials examples include but are not limited to block polymers, natural and synthetic rubber, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, silicones, polysiloxanes and styrene- butadiene copolymers;
• buffering agents examples include but are not limited to potassium metaphosphate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium acetate, sodium citrate anhydrous and sodium citrate dihydrate
• carrying agents examples include but are not limited to acacia syrup, aromatic syrup, aromatic elixir, cherry syrup, cocoa syrup, orange syrup, syrup, corn oil, mineral oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, bacteriostatic sodium chloride injection and bacteriostatic water for injection
• examples include but are not limited to acacia syrup, aromatic syrup, aromatic elixir, cherry syrup, cocoa syrup, orange syrup, syrup, corn oil, mineral oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, bacteriostatic sodium chloride injection and bacteriostatic water for injection
• chelating agents examples include but are not limited to edetate disodium and edetic acid
• colorants examples include but are not limited to FD&C Red No. 3, FD&C Red No. 20, FD&C Yellow No. 6, FD&C Blue No. 2, D&C Green No. 5, D&C Orange No. 5, D&C Red No. 8, caramel and ferric oxide red);
• clarifying agents examples include but are not limited to bentonite
• emulsifying agents examples include but are not limited to acacia, cetomacrogol, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene 50 monostearate
• emulsifying agents examples include but are not limited to acacia, cetomacrogol, cetyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, lecithin, sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene 50 monostearate
• encapsulating agents examples include but are not limited to gelatin and cellulose acetate phthalate
• flavorants examples include but are not limited to anise oil, cinnamon oil, cocoa, menthol, orange oil, peppermint oil and vanillin);
• humectants examples include but are not limited to glycerol, propylene glycol and sorbitol
• levigating agents examples include but are not limited to mineral oil and glycerin
• oils examples include but are not limited to arachis oil, mineral oil, olive oil, peanut oil, sesame oil and vegetable oil);
• ointment bases examples include but are not limited to lanolin, hydrophilic ointment, polyethylene glycol ointment, petrolatum, hydrophilic petrolatum, white ointment, yellow ointment, and rose water ointment;
• penetration enhancers include but are not limited to monohydroxy or polyhydroxy alcohols, mono-or polyvalent alcohols, saturated or unsaturated fatty alcohols, saturated or unsaturated fatty esters, saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, essential oils, phosphatidyl derivatives, cephalin, terpenes, amides, ethers, ketones and ureas
• monohydroxy or polyhydroxy alcohols mono-or polyvalent alcohols
• saturated or unsaturated fatty alcohols saturated or unsaturated fatty esters
• saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids
• essential oils phosphatidyl derivatives
• cephalin cephalin
• terpenes amides, ethers, ketones and ureas
• plasticizers examples include but are not limited to diethyl phthalate and glycerol
• solvents examples include but are not limited to ethanol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, glycerol, isopropanol, mineral oil, oleic acid, peanut oil, purified water, water for injection, sterile water for injection and sterile water for irrigation
• stiffening agents examples include but are not limited to cetyl alcohol, cetyl esters wax, microcrystalline wax, paraffin, stearyl alcohol, white wax and yellow wax
• suppository bases examples include but are not limited to cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols (mixtures));
• surfactants examples include but are not limited to benzalkonium chloride, nonoxynol 10, oxtoxynol 9, polysorbate 80, sodium lauryl sulfate and sorbitan mono-palmitate);
• suspending agents examples include but are not limited to agar, bentonite, carbomers, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, kaolin, methylcellulose, tragacanth and veegum);
• sweetening agents examples include but are not limited to aspartame, dextrose, glycerol, mannitol, propylene glycol, saccharin sodium, sorbitol and sucrose;
• tablet anti-adherents examples include but are not limited to magnesium stearate and talc
• tablet binders examples include but are not limited to acacia, alginic acid, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, compressible sugar, ethylcellulose, gelatin, liquid glucose, methylcellulose, non-crosslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and pregelatinized starch;
• tablet and capsule diluents examples include but are not limited to dibasic calcium phosphate, kaolin, lactose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, precipitated calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, sorbitol and starch);
• tablet coating agents examples include but are not limited to liquid glucose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate and shellac);
• tablet direct compression excipients examples include but are not limited to dibasic calcium phosphate
• tablet disintegrants examples include but are not limited to alginic acid, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, microcrystalline cellulose, polacrillin potassium, cross- linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate, sodium starch glycollate and starch
• alginic acid examples include but are not limited to carboxymethylcellulose calcium, microcrystalline cellulose, polacrillin potassium, cross- linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate, sodium starch glycollate and starch
• tablet glidants examples include but are not limited to colloidal silica, corn starch and talc;
• tablet lubricants examples include but are not limited to calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, mineral oil, stearic acid and zinc stearate);
• tablet/capsule opaquants examples include but are not limited to titanium dioxide
• tablet polishing agents examples include but are not limited to carnuba wax and white wax
• thickening agents examples include but are not limited to beeswax, cetyl alcohol and paraffin
• tonicity agents examples include but are not limited to dextrose and sodium chloride
• viscosity increasing agents examples include but are not limited to alginic acid, bentonite, carbomers, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, methylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium alginate and tragacanth; and
• wetting agents examples include but are not limited to heptadecaethylene oxycetanol, lecithins, sorbitol monooleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, and polyoxyethylene stearate).
• compositions according to the present invention can be illustrated as follows:
• Sterile IV Solution A 5 mg/mL solution of the desired compound of this invention can be made using sterile, injectable water, and the pH is adjusted if necessary. The solution is diluted for administration to 1 - 2 mg/mL with sterile 5% dextrose and is administered as an IV infusion over about 60 minutes.
• Lvophilized powder for IV administration A sterile preparation can be prepared with (i) 100 - 1000 mg of the desired compound of this invention as a lypholized powder, (ii) 32- 327 mg/mL sodium citrate, and (iii) 300 - 3000 mg Dextran 40.
• the formulation is reconstituted with sterile, injectable saline or dextrose 5% to a concentration of 10 to 20 mg/mL, which is further diluted with saline or dextrose 5% to 0.2 - 0.4 mg/mL, and is administered either IV bolus or by IV infusion over 15 - 60 minutes.
• Intramuscular suspension The following solution or suspension can be prepared, for intramuscular injection: 50 mg/mL of the desired, water-insoluble compound of this invention
• Hard Shell Capsules A large number of unit capsules are prepared by filling standard two-piece hard galantine capsules each with 100 mg of powdered active ingredient, 150 mg of lactose, 50 mg of cellulose and 6 mg of magnesium stearate.
• Soft Gelatin Capsules A mixture of active ingredient in a digestible oil such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil or olive oil is prepared and injected by means of a positive displacement pump into molten gelatin to form soft gelatin capsules containing 100 mg of the active ingredient. The capsules are washed and dried. The active ingredient can be dissolved in a mixture of polyethylene glycol, glycerin and sorbitol to prepare a water miscible medicine mix.
• Tablets A large number of tablets are prepared by conventional procedures so that the dosage unit is 100 mg of active ingredient, 0.2 mg. of colloidal silicon dioxide, 5 mg of magnesium stearate, 275 mg of microcrystalline cellulose, 11 mg. of starch, and 98.8 mg of lactose. Appropriate aqueous and non-aqueous coatings may be applied to increase palatability, improve elegance and stability or delay absorption.
• Immediate Release Tablets/Capsules These are solid oral dosage forms made by conventional and novel processes. These units are taken orally without water for immediate dissolution and delivery of the medication.
• the active ingredient is mixed in a liquid containing ingredient such as sugar, gelatin, pectin and sweeteners. These liquids are solidified into solid tablets or caplets by freeze drying and solid state extraction techniques.
• the drug compounds may be compressed with viscoelastic and thermoelastic sugars and polymers or effervescent components to produce porous matrices intended for immediate release, without the need of water.
• the present invention relates to a method for using the compounds of the present invention and compositions thereof, to treat mammalian hyper-proliferative disorders.
• Compounds can be utilized to inhibit, block, reduce, decrease, etc., cell proliferation and/or cell division, and/or produce apoptosis.
• This method comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof, including a human, an amount of a compound of this invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer, polymorph, metabolite, hydrate, solvate or ester thereof; etc. which is effective to treat the disorder.
• Hyper-proliferative disorders include but are not limited, e.g., psoriasis, keloids, and other hyperplasias affecting the skin, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), solid tumors, such as cancers of the breast, respiratory tract, brain, reproductive organs, digestive tract, urinary tract, eye, liver, skin, head and neck, thyroid, parathyroid and their distant metastases.
• BPH benign prostate hyperplasia
• solid tumors such as cancers of the breast, respiratory tract, brain, reproductive organs, digestive tract, urinary tract, eye, liver, skin, head and neck, thyroid, parathyroid and their distant metastases.
• Those disorders also include lymphomas, sarcomas, and leukemias.
• breast cancer examples include, but are not limited to invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, and lobular carcinoma in situ.
• cancers of the respiratory tract include, but are not limited to small-cell and non-small-cell lung carcinoma, as well as bronchial adenoma and pleuropulmonary blastoma.
• brain cancers include, but are not limited to brain stem and hypophtalmic glioma, cerebellar and cerebral astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, as well as neuroectodermal and pineal tumor.
• Tumors of the male reproductive organs include, but are not limited to prostate and testicular cancer.
• Tumors of the female reproductive organs include, but are not limited to endometrial, cervical, ovarian, vaginal, and vulvar cancer, as well as sarcoma of the uterus.
• Tumors of the digestive tract include, but are not limited to anal, colon, colorectal, esophageal, gallbladder, gastric, pancreatic, rectal, small-intestine, and salivary gland cancers.
• Tumors of the urinary tract include, but are not limited to bladder, penile, kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, urethral and human papillary renal cancers.
• Eye cancers include, but are not limited to intraocular melanoma and retinoblastoma.
• liver cancers include, but are not limited to hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cell carcinomas with or without fibrolamellar variant), cholangiocarcinoma (intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma), and mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma.
• Skin cancers include, but are not limited to squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, malignant melanoma, Merkel cell skin cancer, and non-melanoma skin cancer.
• Head-and-neck cancers include, but are not limited to laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer and squamous cell.
• Lymphomas include, but are not limited to AIDS-related lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and lymphoma of the central nervous system.
• Sarcomas include, but are not limited to sarcoma of the soft tissue, osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, lymphosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma.
• Leukemias include, but are not limited to acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and hairy cell leukemia.
• treating or “treatment” as stated throughout this document is used conventionally, e.g., the management or care of a subject for the purpose of combating, alleviating, reducing, relieving, improving the condition of, etc., of a disease or disorder, such as a carcinoma.
• the present invention also provides methods for the treatment of disorders associated with aberrant kinase activity (such as tyrosine kinase activity), including, phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase.
• disorders associated with aberrant kinase activity such as tyrosine kinase activity
• kinase activity including, phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase.
• Effective amounts of compounds of the present invention can be used to treat disorders, including angiogenic disorders, such as cancer; inflammatory disorders (including but not limited to Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)), autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disorders (including but not limited to thrombosis, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac hypertophy, atherosclerosis or heart failure), neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders, nociceptive disorders, ophthalmic disorders, pulmonary disorders, or renal disorders. Nonetheless, such cancers and other diseases can be treated with compounds of the present invention, regardless of the mechanism of action and/or the relationship between the kinase and the disorder.
• COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
• autoimmune disorders including but not limited to chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)
• cardiovascular disorders including but not limited to thrombosis, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac hypertophy, atherosclerosis or heart failure
• neurodegenerative disorders including but not limited to thrombosis, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac hypertophy, atherosclerosis or
• aberrant kinase activity or "aberrant tyrosine kinase activity,” includes any abnormal expression or activity of the gene encoding the kinase or of the polypeptide it encodes. Examples of such aberrant activity, include, but are not limited to, over- expression of the gene or polypeptide; gene amplification; mutations which produce constitutively-active or hyperactive kinase activity; gene mutations, deletions, substitutions, additions, etc.
• the present invention also provides for methods of inhibiting a kinase activity, especially of phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the present invention, including salts, polymorphs, metabolites, hyrates, solvates, prodrugs (e.g.: esters) thereof, and diastereoisomeric forms thereof.
• Kinase activity can be inhibited in cells (e.g., in vitro), or in the cells of a mammalian subject, especially a human patient in need of treatment.
• Methods of treating angiogenic disorders The present invention also provides methods of treating disorders and diseases associated with excessive and/or abnormal angiogenesis.
• Inappropriate and ectopic expression of angiogenesis can be deleterious to an organism.
• a number of pathological conditions are associated with the growth of extraneous blood vessels. These include, e.g., diabetic retinopathy, ischemic retinal-vein occlusion, and retinopathy of prematurity (Aiello et al. New Engl. J. Med. 1994, 331, 1480; Peer et al. Lab. Invest. 1995, 72, 638), age-related macular degeneration (AMD; see, Lopez et al. Invest. Opththalmol. Vis. Sci.
• neovascular glaucoma neovascular glaucoma, psoriasis, retrolental fibroplasias, angiofibroma, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), restenosis, in-stent restenosis, vascular graft restenosis, etc.
• RA rheumatoid arthritis
• restenosis in-stent restenosis
• vascular graft restenosis etc.
• the increased blood supply associated with cancerous and neoplastic tissue encourages growth, leading to rapid tumor enlargement and metastasis.
• the growth of new blood and lymph vessels in a tumor provides an escape route for renegade cells, encouraging metastasis and the consequence spread of the cancer.
• compounds of the present invention can be utilized to treat and/or prevent any of the aforementioned angiogenesis disorders, e.g., by inhibiting and/or reducing blood vessel formation; by inhibiting, blocking, reducing, decreasing, etc. endothelial cell proliferation or other types involved in angiogenesis, as well as causing cell death or apoptosis of such cell types.
• the effective dosage of the compounds of this invention can readily be determined for treatment of each desired indication.
• the amount of the active ingredient to be administered in the treatment of one of these conditions can vary widely according to such considerations as the particular compound and dosage unit employed, the mode of administration, the period of treatment, the age and sex of the patient treated, and the nature and extent of the condition treated.
• the total amount of the active ingredient to be administered will generally range from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 200 mg/kg body weight per day, and preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg body weight per day.
• Clinically useful dosing schedules will range from one to three times a day dosing to once every four weeks dosing.
• "drug holidays" in which a patient is not dosed with a drug for a certain period of time may be beneficial to the overall balance between pharmacological effect and tolerability.
• a unit dosage may contain from about 0.5 mg to about 1500 mg of active ingredient, and can be administered one or more times per day or less than once a day.
• the average daily dosage for administration by injection will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg of total body weight.
• the average daily rectal dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg of total body weight.
• the average daily vaginal dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg of total body weight.
• the average daily topical dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.1 to 200 mg administered between one to four times daily.
• the transdermal concentration will preferably be that required to maintain a daily dose of from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg.
• the average daily inhalation dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.01 to 100 mg/kg of total body weight.
• the specific initial and continuing dosage regimen for each patient will vary according to the nature and severity of the condition as determined by the attending diagnostician, the activity of the specific compound employed, the age and general condition of the patient, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion of the drug, drug combinations, and the like.
• the desired mode of treatment and number of doses of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester or composition thereof can be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional treatment tests.
• the compounds of this invention can be administered as the sole pharmaceutical agent or in combination with one or more other pharmaceutical agents where the combination causes no unacceptable adverse effects.
• the compounds of this invention can be combined with known anti-hyper-proliferative, antiinflammatory, analgesic, immunoregulatory, diuretic, antiarrhytmic, anti-hypercholsterolemia, anti-dyslipidemia, anti-diabetic or antiviral agents, and the like, as well as with admixtures and combinations thereof.
• the additional pharmaceutical agent can be aldesleukin, alendronic acid, alfaferone, alitretinoin, allopurinol, aloprim, aloxi, altretamine, aminoglutethimide, amifostine, amrubicin, amsacrine, anastrozole, anzmet, aranesp, arglabin, arsenic trioxide, aromasin, 5-azacytidine, azathioprine, BCG or tice BCG, bestatin, betamethasone acetate, betamethasone sodium phosphate, bexarotene, bleomycin sulfate, broxuridine, bortezomib, busulfan, calcitonin, campath, capecitabine, carboplatin, casodex, cefesone, celmoleukin, cerubidine, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cladribine, cladribine, clodronic acid,
• the additional pharmaceutical agent can also be gemcitabine, paclitaxel, cisplatin, carboplatin, sodium butyrate, 5-FU, doxirubicin, tamoxifen, etoposide, trastumazab, gefitinib, intron A, rapamycin, 17-AAG, U0126, insulin, an insulin derivative, a PPAR ligand, a sulfonylurea drug, an ⁇ -glucosidase inhibitor, a biguanide, a PTP-1 B inhibitor, a DPP-IV inhibitor, a 11-beta-HSD inhibitor, GLP-1 , a GLP-1 derivative, GIP, a GIP derivative, PACAP, a PACAP derivative, secretin or a secretin derivative.
• Optional anti-hyper-proliferative agents which can be added to the composition include but are not limited to compounds listed on the cancer chemotherapy drug regimens in the 11 th Edition of the Merck Index, (1996), which is hereby incorporated by reference, such as asparaginase, bleomycin, carboplatin, carmustine, chlorambucil, cisplatin, colaspase, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin (adriamycine), epirubicin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, hexamethylmelamine, hydroxyurea, ifosfamide, irinotecan, leucovorin, lomustine, mechlorethamine, 6-mercaptopurine, mesna, methotrexate, mitomycin C, mitoxantrone, prednisolone, prednisone
• anti-hyper-proliferative agents suitable for use with the composition of the invention include but are not limited to those compounds acknowledged to be used in the treatment of neoplastic diseases in Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (Ninth Edition), editor Molinoff et al., publ.
• anti-hyper-proliferative agents suitable for use with the composition of the invention include but are not limited to other anti-cancer agents such as epothilone and its derivatives, irinotecan, raloxifen and topotecan.
• cytotoxic and/or cytostatic agents in combination with a compound or composition of the present invention will serve to:
• Celite® diatomaceous earth filter agent Celite ® Corp.
• TBDPS 1 TPS tert-butyldiphenylsilyl
• Routine one-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was performed on either 300 or 400 MHz Varian® Mercury-plus spectrometers. The samples were dissolved in deuterated solvents. Chemical shifts were recorded on the ppm scale and were referenced to the appropriate solvent signals, such as 2.49 ppm for DMSO-d6, 1.93 ppm for CD3CN, 3.30 ppm for CD3OD, 5.32 ppm for CD2CI2 and 7.26 ppm for CDCI3 for 1 H spectra.
• Electron impact mass spectra were obtained with a Hewlett Packard 5973 mass spectrometer equipped Hewlett Packard 6890 Gas Chromatograph with a J & W HP-5 column (0.25 uM coating; 30 m x 0.32 mm). The ion source was maintained at 250 0 C and spectra were scanned from 50-550 amu at 0.34 sec per scan.
• Agilent 1100 HPLC system The Agilent 1100 HPLC system was equipped with an Agilent 1100 autosampler, quaternary pump, a variable wavelength detector set at 254 nm.
• the HPLC column used was a Waters Sunfire C-18 column (2.1 x 30 mm, 3.5 ⁇ m).
• the HPLC eluent was directly coupled without splitting to a Finnigan LCQ DECA ion trap mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. Spectra were scanned from 140-1200 amu using a variable ion time according to the number of ions in the source using positive ion mode.
• the eluents were A: 2% acetonitrile in water with 0.02% TFA 1 and B: 2% water in acetonirile with 0.02% TFA. Gradient elution from 10% B to 90% B over 3.0 minutes at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min was used with an initial hold of 1.0 minutes and a final hold at 95% B of 1.0 minutes. Total run time was 7.0 minutes.
• Method C (LTQ)
• Agilent 1100 HPLC system The Agilent 1100 HPLC system was equipped with an Agilent 1100 autosampler, quaternary pump, and a diode array.
• the HPLC column used was a Waters Sunfire C18 column (2.1 x 30 mm, 3.5 ⁇ m).
• the HPLC eluent was directly coupled with a 1 :4 split to a Finnigan LTQ ion trap mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. Spectra were scanned from 50-800 amu using a variable ion time according to the number of ions in the source using positive or negative ion mode.
• the eluents were A: water with 0.1 formic acid, and B: acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid. Gradient elution from 10% B to 90% B over 3.0 minutes at a flowrate of 1.0 mL/min was used with an initial hold of 2.0 minutes and a final hold at 95% B of 1.0 minutes. Total run time was 8.0 minutes.
• Gilson HPLC system equipped with a variable wavelength detector set at 254 nm, a YMC pro C-18 column (2 x 23 mm, 120A), and a Finnigan LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. Spectra were scanned from 120-1200 amu using a variable ion time according to the number of ions in the source.
• the eluants were A: 2% acetonitrile in water with 0.02% TFA and B: 2% water in acetonitrile with 0.018% TFA. Gradient elution from 10% B to 95% over 3.5 minutes at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min was used with an initial hold of 0.5 minutes and a final hold at 95% B of 0.5 minutes. Total run time was 6.5 minutes.
• Agilent 1100 HPLC system The Agilent 1100 HPLC system was equipped with an Agilent 1100 autosampler, quaternary pump, and a diode array.
• the HPLC column used was a Waters Sunfire (2.1 x 30 mm, 3.5 ⁇ m).
• the HPLC eluent was directly coupled with a 1 :4 split to a Finnigan LTQ ion trap mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. Spectra were scanned from 50-1000 amu using a variable ion time according to the number of ions in the source in either positive or negative ion mode.
• the eluents were A: water with 0.1 formic acid, and B: acetonirile with 0.1% formic acid.
• Preparative HPLC was carried out in reversed phase mode, typically using a Gilson HPLC system equipped with two Gilson 322 pumps, a Gilson 215 Autosampler, a Gilson diode array detector, and a C-18 column (e.g. YMC Pro 20 x 150 mm, 120 A). Gradient elution was used with solvent A as water with 0.1% TFA, and solvent B as acetonitrile with 0.1 % TFA. Following injection onto the column as a solution, the compound was typically eluted with a mixed solvent gradient, such as 10-90% Solvent B in Solvent A over 15 minutes with flow rate of 25 mL/min. The fraction(s) containing the desired product were collected by UV monitoring at 254 or 220 nm.
• a mixed solvent gradient such as 10-90% Solvent B in Solvent A over 15 minutes with flow rate of 25 mL/min.
• MLC medium pressure liquid chromatography
• the compounds of the invention may be prepared by use of known chemical reactions and procedures. Nevertheless, the following general preparative methods are presented to aid the reader in synthesizing the compounds of the present invention, with more detailed particular examples being presented below in the experimental section describing the working examples.
• the compounds of the invention can be made according to conventional chemical methods, and/or as disclosed below, from starting materials which are either commercially available or producible according to routine, conventional chemical methods. General methods for the preparation of the compounds are given below, and the preparation of representative compounds is specifically illustrated in examples.
• Synthetic transformations that may be employed in the synthesis of compounds of this invention and in the synthesis of intermediates involved in the synthesis of compounds of this invention are known by or accessible to one skilled in the art. Collections of synthetic transformations may be found in compilations, such as:
• vanillin acetate can be converted to intermediate (III) via nitration conditions such as neat fuming nitric acid or nitric acid in the presence of another strong acid such as sulfuric acid. Hydrolysis of the acetate in intermediate (III) would be expected in the presence of bases such as sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide in a protic solvent such as methanol. Protection of intermediate (IV) to generate compounds of Formula (V) could be accomplished by standard methods (Greene, T.W.; Wuts, P.G.M.; Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis; Wiley & Sons: New York, 1999).
• Conversion of compounds of formula (V) to those of formula (Vl) can be achieved using ammonia in the presence of iodine in an aprotic solvent such as THF or dioxane. Reduction of the nitro group in formula (Vl) could be accomplished using iron in acetic acid or hydrogen gas in the presence of a suitable palladium, platinum or nickel catalyst. Conversion of compounds of formula (VII) to the imidazoline of formula (VIII) is best accomplished using ethylenediamine in the presence of a catalyst such as elemental sulfur with heating.
• a catalyst such as elemental sulfur with heating.
• Alkylation of the phenol in formula (X) can be achieved using a base such as cesium carbonate, sodium hydride, or potassium t-butoxide in a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF or DMSO with introduction of a side chain bearing an appropriate leaving group such as a halide, or a sulfonate group.
• amides of formula (I) can be formed using activated esters such as acid chlorides and anhydrides or alternatively formed using carboxylic acids and appropriate coupling agents such as PYBOP, DCC, or EDCI in polar aprotic solvents.
• a compound of formula (IV), prepared as described above, can be converted to a structure of formula (XII) using ammonia in the presence of iodine in an aprotic solvent such as THF or dioxane.
• Alkylation of the phenol in formula (XII) can be achieved using a base such as cesium carbonate, sodium hydride, or potassium t- butoxide in a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF or DMSO with introduction of a side chain bearing an appropriate leaving group such as a halide, or a sulfonate group.
• Reduction of the nitro group in formula (XIII) could be accomplished using iron in acetic acid or hydrogen gas in the presence of a suitable palladium, platinum or nickel catalyst.
• Conversion of compounds of formula (XIV) to the imidazoline of formula (XV) is best accomplished using ethylenediamine in the presence of a catalyst such as elemental sulfur with heating.
• the cyclization of compounds of formula (XV) to those of formula (XVI) is accomplished using cyanogen bromide in the presence of an amine base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, or pyridine in a halogenated solvent such as DCM or dichloroethane.
• amides of formula (I) can be formed using activated esters such as acid chlorides and anhydrides or alternatively formed using carboxylic acids and appropriate coupling agents such as PYBOP, DCC, or EDCI in polar aprotic solvents.
• a compound of formula (X), prepared as described above, can be converted to amide (XVI) using activated esters such as acid chlorides and anhydrides or alternatively formed using carboxylic acids and appropriate coupling agents such as PYBOP, DCC, or EDCI in polar aprotic solvents.
• This could then be converted to compounds of formula (I) using a base such as cesium carbonate, sodium hydride, or potassium t-butoxide in a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF or DMSO with introduction of a side chain bearing an appropriate leaving group such as a halide, or a sulfonate group.
• a compound of formula (IX), prepared as described above, can be converted to amide (XVII) using activated esters such as acid chlorides and anhydrides or alternatively formed using carboxylic acids and appropriate coupling agents such as PYBOP, DCC, or EDCI in polar aprotic solvents. Removal of the protecting group in formula (XVII) will be dependent on the group selected and can be accomplished by standard methods (Greene, T.W.; Wuts, P.G.M.; Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis; Wiley & Sons: New York, 1999).
• Alkylation of the phenol in formula (XVI) can be achieved using a base such as cesium carbonate, sodium hydride, or potassium t- butoxide in a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF or DMSO with introduction of a side chain bearing an appropriate leaving group such as a halide, or a sulfonate group.
• a compound of formula XVIII can be converted to the bis chloride compound of formula XIX using chlorinating agents such as POCI 3 or COCI 2 in aprotic solvents.
• the chloride thus obtained can be converted to imidazolines of formula XXI through reaction with appropriate quantities of ethanolamine or a suitably protected substitute, followed by activation with a suitable activating agent such as a sulfonyl chloride, PPh 3 , or an halogenating agent such as SOCI 2 .
• Chloride XXI can be converted to amine XXII through the use of any source of nucleophilic amine such as ammonia, phthalimide, or protected amines such as benzyl amine.in a polar solvent such as DMF or DMSO. Formation of the phenol depicted in formula X can be accomplished through deprotection of the methyl ether using any of the conditions outlined in the literature (Greene, T.W.; Wuts, P.G.M.; Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis; Wiley & Sons: New York, 1999).
• Methyl 2-aminopyrimidine-5-carboxylate (300 mg, 2.0 mmol) was diluted in methanol (5 ml_) containing a few drops of water. Lithium hydroxide (122 mg, 5.1 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 60 0 C overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, then diluted in water and adjusted to pH 4 with 1 M HCI. 2- Aminopyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid precipitated as a white solid, which was isolated by vacuum filtration (244 mg, 90%): 1 H NMR (DMSO-c/ 6 ) ⁇ : 12.73 (1 H, br s), 8.63 (2H, s), 7.44 (2H, br s).
• Methyl morpholin-2-yl acetate (5.0 g, 31.4 mmol) was diluted with THF (10 ml.) and water (10 ml.) and treated with potassium carbonate (4.34 g, 31.4 mmol). The thick suspension slowly went into solution. Di-terf-butyl dicarbonate (6.85 g, 31.4 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The reaction mixture was then extracted with THF and EtOAc. The organic layer was dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The sticky oil was triturated with ether and the resulting solid was collected by vacuum filtration (3.7 g, 45%).
• the mixture was diluted in THF (20 ml_) and treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide (2 N, 5 ml_) and stirred overnight.
• the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then diluted with water and EtOAc.
• the pH of the aqueous layer was adjusted to 5, and the organic layer was separated, dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• the solid (2 g, 8.15 mmol) was then dissolved in THF (10 mL) and treated with a borane solution (1 M in THF, 16 mL, 16.4 mmol) and the mixture stirred at rt for 12h.
• the reaction mixture was then diluted with methanol (100 mL) and stirred at rt overnight.
• Morpholin-2-ylmethanol trifluoroacetate (0.7 g, 3.03 mmol) in DCM was treated with triethylamine (1.67 mL, 12.1 mmol) and tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (0.91 g, 6.06 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h and then filtered. The filtrate was then concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was suspended in a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide (10%, 5 ml_), and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. The mixture was then extracted with DCM and concentrated under reduced pressure to a foam.
• 3-Morpholin-4-ylpropane-1 ,2-diol (2.1 g, 9.07 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (15 mL) and cooled to 0 0 C. The cooled solution was treated with thionyl chloride (1.81 mL, 24.8 mmol) and then heated at the reflux temperature for 1 h.
• 6-Fluoronicotinic acid 300 mg, 2.13 mmol
• cyclopentylamine 0.84 mL, 8.50 mmol
• the mixture was heated at 60 0 C for 3 days.
• the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was suspended in water.
• the aqueous mixture was brought to pH 3 with phosphoric acid.
• Step 1 Preparation of 4-formyl-2-methoxy-3-nitrophenyl acetate
• Step 8 Preparation of 5-amino-7-methoxy-2.3-dihvdroimidazoH ,2-clquinazolin-8- ol bis(trifluoroacetate)
• 5-Amino-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-8-ol bis(trifluoroacetate) 500 mg, 1.1 mmol was diluted in DCM (10 ml_), and triethylamine (0.75 ml_, 5.4 mmol) was added. The suspension was stirred at rt for 1.5 h, after which time 5-amino-7-methoxy- 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-8-ol trifluoroacetate was isolated. The compound, thus prepared, (1.1 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (10 mL).
• Step 10 Preparation of N-r7-methoxy-8-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2.3- dihvdroimidazo ⁇ ⁇ -ciquinazolin-S-vnpyrimidine- ⁇ -carboxamide .
• Step 1 Preparation of N-r8-(benzyloxyV7-methoxy-2.3-dihvdroimidazori .2- ciquinazolin-5-vnnicotinamide
• Step 2 Preparation of N-(8-hvdroxy-7-methoxy-2.3-dihvdroimidazof1.2- c1quinazolin-5-yl)nicotinamide
• N-[8-(Benzyloxy)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1 ,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl]nicotinamide (20 g, 45.1 mmol) was added portionwise over 1 h to a round bottom flask containing TFA (400 ml_) precooled with an ice bath. The reaction mixture was heated to 60 0 C and allowed to stir at this temperature for 17 h at which time it was cooled to ambient. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was taken up in DCM and hexane and concentrated under reduced pressure. The material thus obtained was dissolved in MeOH and DCM (250 ml_, 1:1) and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• Step 3 Preparation of tetf-Butyl 2-r2-((7-methoxy-5-IYpyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)amino1-
• reaction mixture was stirred at 60 0 C overnight and then concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was extracted with a solution of 20% isopropanol / 80% chloroform and washed with a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The organics were dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• Step 4 Preparation of N-f7-methoxy-8-(2-morpholin-2-ylethoxy)-2.3- dihvdroimidazoH ,2-c1quinazolin-5-yllnicotinamide.
• Step 5 Preparation of N-(8-r2-(4-ethylmorpholin-2-yl)ethoxyl-7-methoxy-2.3- dihvdroimidazo ⁇ .2-c1quinazolin-5-yl)nicotinamide
• Step 1 Preparation of N-(843-f2-((fterf-butyl(dimethyl)silvnoxy)methyl)morpholi ⁇ - 4-yllpropoxy ⁇ -7-methoxy-2.3-dihvdroimidazof1.2-cl ⁇ uinazolin-5-yl)nicotinamide
• reaction mixture was stirred at 60 0 C overnight, after which time it was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was extracted with a solution of 20% isopropanol/ 80% chloroform and washed with a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The organic layer was dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• Step 2 Preparation of N-(8- ⁇ 3-r2-(hvdroxymethyl)morpholin-4-yl1propoxy ⁇ -7- methoxy-2,3-dihvdroimidazori .2-c1quinazolin-5-yl)nicotinamide.
• Step 1 Preparation of N-r8-(benzyloxy)-7-methoxy-2.3-dihvdroimidazori .2-c1quinazolin-5- yllnicotinamide 1 -oxide.
• Step 2 Preparation of N-(8-hvdroxy-7-methoxy-2.3-dihvdroimidazof1.2- clquinazolin-5-vPnicotinamide 1 -oxide bistrifluoroacetate salt.
• Step 3 Preparation of N-f8-r3-(dimethylamino)propoxy1-7-metho ⁇ y-2.3- dihvdroimidazoH .2-cl ⁇ uinazolin-5-yl>nicotinamide 1 -oxide.
• Step 6 Preparation of 2-amino-N-r7-methoxy-8-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropoxy)-2.3- dihvdroimidazori ⁇ -clquinazolin-S-vnpyrimidine- ⁇ -carboxamide.
• the utility of the compounds of the present invention can be illustrated, for example, by their activity in vitro in the in vitro tumor cell proliferation assay described below.
• the link between activity in tumor cell proliferation assays in vitro and anti-tumor activity in the clinical setting has been very well established in the art.
• taxol Silvestrini et al. Stem Cells 1993, 11 (6), 528-35
• taxotere Bissery et al. Anti Cancer Drugs 1995, 6(3), 339
• topoisomerase inhibitors Edelman et al. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 1996, 37(5), 385-93 were demonstrated with the use of in vitro tumor proliferation assays.
• Demonstration of the activity of the compounds of the present invention may be accomplished through in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays that are well known in the art. For example, to demonstrate the activity of the compounds of the present invention, the following assays may be used.
• Phosphatidylinositol (Ptdlns) and phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) were purchased from DOOSAN SERDARY RESEARCH LABORATORIES (Toronto, Canada).
• Recombinant truncated forms ( ⁇ N 1 -108) of the human p110a and p110a subunits of PI3K with N-terminal HiS 6 - Tags were expressed in S. frugiperda 9 insect cells.
• Recombinant human PI3K ⁇ full length human PI3K p1 IOyfused with a His 6 -tag at the C-terminus expressed in S.
• frugiperda 9 insect cells was obtained from ALEXIS BIOCHEMICALS (#201-055-C010; San Diego, CA).
• [7 33 P]ATP and unlabeled ATP were purchased from AMERSHAM PHARMACIA BIOTECH (Buckinghamshire, UK) and ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS (Mannheim, Germany), respectively.
• Scintillation cocktails and MicroScint PSTM were purchased from PACKARD (Meriden, CT). MaxisorpTM plates were purchased from NALGE NUNC INTERNATIONAL K.K. (Tokyo, Japan). All other chemicals not further specified were from WAKO PURE CHEMICALS (Osaka, Japan).
• the MaxisorpTM plates were coated with 50 ⁇ L/well of a solution containing 50 ⁇ g/ml Ptdlns and 50 ⁇ g/ml PtdSer dissolved in chloroform :ethanol (3:7). The plates were subsequently air-dried by incubation for at least 2 hours in a fume hood.
• the reaction was set up by mixing 25 ⁇ L/well of assay buffer 2x (100 mM MOPSO/NaOH, 0.2 M NaCI 1 pH 7.0, 8 mM MgCI 2 , 2 mg/mL BSA (fatty acid- free)), and 7.5 ng/well PI3Koc in the lipid pre-coated plate.10x test compounds were added in 2% DMSO.
• the reaction was started by adding 20 ⁇ L/well of ATP mix (final 10 ⁇ M ATP; 0.05 ⁇ Ci/well [7 33 P]ATP). After incubation at RT for 2 hours, the reaction was terminated by adding 50 ⁇ l/well stop solution (50 mM EDTA, pH 8.0).
• the plate was then washed twice with Tris-buffered saline (TBS, pH 7.4).
• TBS Tris-buffered saline
• MicroScint PSTM (PACKARD) scintillation mix was added at 100 ⁇ L/well, and radioactivity was counted using a TopCountTM (PACKARD) scintillation counter.
• the following compounds displayed an average IC 50 of between 10 nanomolar and 100 nanomolar in this assay: Entries: 14, 15, 17, 21 , 25, 26, 41 , 43, 47, 49, 50, 53, 56, 57, 61 , 62, 93 and 98.
• the following compounds displayed an average IC 50 of greater than 100 nanomolar in this assay: Entries: 12, 24, 48 and 59.
• a recombinant truncated form ( ⁇ N 1-108) of the human p110 ⁇ subunit of PI3K with an N- terminal His 6 -Tag was expressed in S. frugiperda 9 insect cells.
• Recombinant human PI3K ⁇ full length human PI3K p110 ⁇ fused with a His 6 -tag at the C-terminus expressed in S. frugiperda 9 insect cells
• ALEXIS BIOCHEMICALS #201-055-C010; San Diego, CA).
• Kinase assays using recombinant truncated p110 ⁇ or the full length p110 ⁇ were performed in a similar manner as described in the part of [Determination of IC 50 values of compounds in kinase assay of PI3K ⁇ ] except that these isoforms were assayed using 7.5 ng and 25.0 ng of protein/well, respectively.
• the following compounds displayed an average IC 50 of between 10 nanomolar and 100 nanomolar in this assay: Entries: 14, 15, 17, 21 , 25, 26, 41 , 43, 47, 49, 50, 53, 56, 57, 61 , 62, 93 and 98.
• the following compounds displayed an average IC 50 of greater than 100 nanomolar in this assay: Entries: 12, 24, 48 and 59.
• 96-well collagen treated clear bottom/black sided Costar plates were purchased from CORNING LIFE SCIENCES (Corning, NY; at.#3904).
• Gibco RPMI medium Cat.# 1 1875
• Biosource anti-phospho-AKT(Ser 473) antibody Cat.# 44-621 G
• recombinant IGF-1 Cat.# PHG0074
• the secondary donkey anti-rabbit IgG horse radish peroxidase conjugate (Cat. # NA934V) and ECL chemiluminesence reagent (Cat.# RPN2209) were purchased from AMERSHAM (Buckinghamshire, UK).
• A549 cells (5 x 10 4 cells/well) were seeded in 100 ⁇ L of 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in RPMI medium in 96-well collagen treated clear bottom/black sided plates and incubated overnight at 37 0 C in a 5% CO 2 incubator.
• 10x compound solution (in 0.1 % BSA in RPMI) was added to the plates and incubation at 37 0 C was continued for 1 hour. All wells (except no IGF-1 controls) were then treated with 25 ng/ml IGF-1 for 10 minutes at 37 0 C in a 5% CO 2 incubator.
• TBS 50 mM Tris pH 8.0 containing138 mM NaCL and 27 mM KCI
• 1 200 ⁇ L of 3.7% formaldehyde in TBS was added to each well, and the plate was incubated at 4 0 C for 10 minutes.
• Supematants were once again removed and replaced with 50 ⁇ L Methanol (-20 0 C) and the plate incubated at 4 0 C for 5 minutes.
• 200 ⁇ L of 0.1% BSA in TBS was then added to each well and the plate incubated at room temperature for V 2 hour.
• Supematants were removed and 50 ⁇ L of a solution comprising the primary anti- phospho-AKT(Ser 473) antibody diluted 1 :250 in TBS containing 0.1% BSA was added to each well (except control/background wells). The plate was then incubated for VA hour at room temperature. Supematants were removed, each well was washed 3 times with 200 ⁇ L TBS, and 100 ⁇ L of a solution containing the secondary donkey anti-rabbit IgG antibody HRP-conjugate diluted 1 :100 in TBS-T (TBS containing 0.1% triton). Plates were then incubated for 1 hour at room temperature.
• each well was washed 6 times with cold TBS-T, 100 ⁇ L of ECL was added to each well, and the plate was placed on an orbital shaker for 1 minute. The plates were then read on a Wallac Victor2 1420 Multilabel HTS Counter using the luminometry window (maximum light detection is measured at 428 nM). IC 50 values were determined from the inhibition curve.
• mice Each experimental group consisted of 10 mice and the dosing volume was 10ml/kg body weight. Compounds were dissolved in a compatible vehicle for both intravenous and oral administration.
• mice are placed under a heat lamp to warm for 5 minutes, then placed in a restraining device and the tail vein injected with a sterile 27 gauge 1 /4 inch needle.
• Oral dosing utilizes sterile disposable feeding needles (20 gauge/1 V2 inches) from Popper and Sons, New Hyde Park, NY. Tumor growth was measured with electronic calipers 2-3 times a week and tumor weight (mg) calculated according to the following formula: [length (mm) x width (mm)2]/2.
• TGI tumor growth inhibition
• Each experimental group consisted of 10 nude rats. Compounds were dissolved in a compatible vehicle for both intravenous and oral administration. For intravenous administration of compound, rats were warmed under a heating lamp for 5 minutes, then placed in a restraining device, and injected intravenously via the tail vein using a dosing volume ranging from 2 ml_/kg to 5 mL/kg with a sterile 25 gauge needle. Oral dosing utilizes sterile disposable feeding needles (18 gauge/2 inch) from Popper and Sons, New Hyde Park, NY. Tumor growth was measured with electronic calipers 2-3 times a week and tumor weight (mg) calculated according to the following formula: [length (mm) x width (mm)2]/2.
• TGI tumor growth inhibition
• Phosphatidylinositol 3'-Kinase Inhibitors Up-Regulate p53 and Block Tumor-induced Angiogenesis: Evidence for an Effect on the Tumor and Endothelial Compartment. Cancer Res. 2003, 63, 3585-3592.
• Zhao, H.; Dupont, J.; Yakar, S.; Karas, M.; LeRoith, D. PTEN inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by downregulating cell surface IGF-IR expression in prostate cancer cells.

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