WO2001052460A2 - Systeme d'acces direct a internet - Google Patents

Systeme d'acces direct a internet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001052460A2
WO2001052460A2 PCT/IN2001/000003 IN0100003W WO0152460A2 WO 2001052460 A2 WO2001052460 A2 WO 2001052460A2 IN 0100003 W IN0100003 W IN 0100003W WO 0152460 A2 WO0152460 A2 WO 0152460A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
internet
ian
voice
subscriber
internet access
Prior art date
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PCT/IN2001/000003
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2001052460A3 (fr
Inventor
Ashok Jhunjhunwala
Timothy A. Gonsalves
Rolland J. Enoch
Rajamanickam Thirumurthy
Original Assignee
Indian Institute Of Technology
Banyan Networks Pvt. Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Indian Institute Of Technology, Banyan Networks Pvt. Ltd filed Critical Indian Institute Of Technology
Priority to AU42726/01A priority Critical patent/AU4272601A/en
Publication of WO2001052460A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001052460A2/fr
Publication of WO2001052460A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001052460A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
    • H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
    • H04L12/2869—Operational details of access network equipments
    • H04L12/2878—Access multiplexer, e.g. DSLAM
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
    • H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
    • H04L12/2869—Operational details of access network equipments
    • H04L12/2898—Subscriber equipments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13003—Constructional details of switching devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13093—Personal computer, PC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13164—Traffic (registration, measurement,...)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13166—Fault prevention
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13196—Connection circuit/link/trunk/junction, bridge, router, gateway
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13199—Modem, modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13209—ISDN
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13298—Local loop systems, access network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13299—Bus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13389—LAN, internet

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a direct internet access system.
  • the direct internet access system providing high band width internet access to users, in addition to voice services, without any changes to the existing cabling infrastructure and an always-on internet access permanently available at the user premises, comprising a DSU which combines voice and internet data packets on a single twisted-pair wire at the user premises; an IAN, at the service provider's premises, for separating the voice and data traffic from a number of users and routing them independently to the PSTN and the internet respectively the IAN being connected to the internet through E1 data ports or an Ethernet port and to the PSTN through (1) an E1 voice port or (2) POTS lines with addition of an optional SMUX module that converts a single E1 line to multiple POTS lines, wherein the said direct internet access system further comprises (a) a DSP based router accelerator module for implementing time-critical functions at high speed and reducing total routing time (b) a DSP based fire wall implemented by a configuration of access rules, applied to each packet (c) a subscriber lineframer for multiplexing and transmitting the signal
  • Fig.1 illustrates internet connectivity today
  • Fig.2 illustrates, by way of example, and not by way of limitation, one of various possible embodiments of the architecture of the direct internet access system, according to this invention
  • Fig.3. illustrates, by way of example, and not by way of limitation, another of various possible embodiments of the architecture of the direct internet access system, according to this invention
  • Fig.4. illustrates Class A service with 4 IP addresses
  • Fig.5. illustrates Class B Subscriber connection
  • Fig.6 illustrates multiple links to the internet
  • Fig.7 illustrates the stacking layout for data and voice
  • Fig.8. illustrates the normalized packet delay diagram as a function of data rate.
  • the Internet started as a network to connect Universities together. Today it has evolved into a network that provides seamless communication for millions of people worldwide. The user base of the Internet is experiencing exponential growth and is expected to surpass 100 million by the year 2000. Services such as e-mail and World Wide Web are transforming the way people interact and are fast becoming the norm for personal and business communications.
  • the Internet is fast becoming as essential as the Telephone, and therefore, it is conceivable that soon every home and every office will need Internet access along with their phone service.
  • ISP Internet Service Provider
  • Today's Internet connectivity solution is entirely dependent on the telephone network.
  • the key is to acquire a sufficient number of telephone lines to provide on- demand access to subscribers. For example, if an ISP has 10 telephone lines, no more than 10 subscribers can connect to the Internet at any given time. Of course, the ISP can have more than 10 customers, as not all of them will be using the Internet at the same time. If only 20% of the total number of subscribers are expected to use the network simultaneously, the ISP could have 50 Internet subscribers.
  • the user experience on the Internet is primarily dependent on Bandwidth, the data rate at which communication takes place. This depends on the data rate supported between the subscriber's modem and the ISP's modem and also on the quality of the telephone lines connecting the two modems. Whiie the fully digitized telephone network may support connection speeds of up to 56Kbps, it is typical for connections in small towns, having only analog trunks, to support data rates of only 4.8Kbps or less.
  • the number of trunk circuits were chosen with the assumption that trunks will be held only for a few minutes and statistically, a particular number of trunk lines are enough to cater for a particular number of customers.
  • a normal telephone user generates O. Erlang traffic, meaning he will use the lines for about 10% of the time.
  • the total traffic (voice plus Internet) on the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) would not exceed 0.11E. But when the Internet usage reaches 10%, even if the traffic generated per subscriber is only 0.3E, the total load on the network would get close to 0.13E.
  • the telephone network is usually designed to handle 0.1E traffic per subscriber with a blocking (or Quality of Service - QoS) of 0.5%. This implies that, with the average traffic generated by a subscriber being 0.1E, only 1 out of 200 calls will be blocked (not completed) due to non-availability of resources at the PSTN. However, if the PSTN is loaded with 0.13E traffic, the blocking probability exceeds 5%, and with loading of 0.15E traffic, the blocking exceeds 15%. The network would be congested with many calls not maturing due to blocking. As the traffic increases further, the network may collapse and fail to complete most calls.
  • a blocking or Quality of Service - QoS
  • the PSTN is the most widespread wired network today.
  • Other mediums connecting homes and offices are the power and cable TV networks. Presumably these could be used to provide Internet access.
  • Cable TV networks are actually a communication medium.
  • the only problem is that they were designed for one way communication only, from the service provider to the subscriber. Advances in technology are making two-way communication and Internet connectivity possible on the Cable network.
  • the main problem still associated with cable networks is the lack of structured wiring. Particularly in developing countries, where cable networks are often laid in an unplanned manner, and where taps are taken without consideration to the possible transport of data, providing Internet service at even PSTN quality is questionable.
  • the congestion of the telephone network when extensively used for Internet access is due to the fact that Internet access sessions last much longer than a telephone call, and throughout the duration of connection a circuit is occupied on the circuit switched PSTN. But if one closely studies the Internet traffic, one finds that the total bandwidth required for medium speed Internet access rarely exceeds that required for a voice connection.
  • Telephones typically generate 0.1E traffic implying that a telephone, on an average, is used only 10% of line. But they generate voice traffic continuously during the period of connection.
  • Internet sessions are usually of a longer duration, but do not generate continuous data traffic. The data traffic is in fact bursty and for most of the connection time, no data is transmitted or received.
  • the obvious solution is to find a way to occupy the PSTN resources only to the extent that is required by the subscriber data.
  • AO-DI Always On Dynamic ISDN
  • D channel a low-bit-rate packet data channel
  • AO-DI always On Dynamic ISDN
  • a telephone exchange uses this and reduces the number of trunks. For example, a 40,000 subscriber telephone exchange typically has only 4,000 trunk lines, and assigns them to users on demand. The individual, random behavior of each subscriber gets significantly less varied when traffic from multiple subscribers is combined and resources allocated on demand.
  • the Internet data now needs to be separated from voice.
  • the voice calls are to be connected to circuit-switched trunk lines on demand.
  • the bursty Internet data from multiple subscribers are now combined and concentrated. The burstiness is largely removed and the line-utilization becomes nearly constant.
  • the concentrated data is now carried to the Internet Service Provider (ISP) using leased (preferable) or switched circuits. Even if switched circuits are used, it does not create congestion as the data on these circuits is the concentrated data from multiple subscribers. Even if we assume a channel utilization of 10% by each subscriber, due to the bursty nature of the transmission, on concentration, one channel can serve about 10 subscribers. The net load on the PSTN, therefore, does not exceed 0.1E per subscriber.
  • the Traffic Aggregation technique described above is generally referred to as Direct Access Technique.
  • Internet access thus provided overcomes the limitations of the telephone network and offers direct access.
  • the Direct Internet Access System (DIAS) proposed herein incorporates this technique to provide high bit-rate Internet access in addition to telephone access for each subscriber.
  • DIAS Direct Internet Access System
  • the Direct Internet Access System (DIAS), proposed herein allows telecom service providers to provide high bandwidth Internet access to residential and corporate subscribers, in addition to voice services, without any changes to the existing cabling infrastructure.
  • DIAS provides an Always On internet Access that is permanently available at the customer's premises.
  • DSL Digital Subscriber Loop
  • the DIAS has a Digital Subscriber Unit (DSU) that combines voice and Internet data packets on a single twisted-pair wire at the subscriber's premises.
  • DSU Digital Subscriber Unit
  • IAN Integrated Access Node
  • the IAN is connected to the PSTN via an E1 voice port, and to the Internet either through E1 data ports or through an Ethernet port.
  • PSTN connectivity can be achieved through POTS lines with the addition of an optional Subscriber MUX (SMUX) module, that converts a single E1 line to multiple POTS lines.
  • SMUX Subscriber MUX
  • the DIAS system as shown in figure 2 provides 2 types of voice and data services -
  • the BDSU Basic Digital Subscriber Unit
  • SOHO Small Office Home Office
  • Residential Internet user provides a permanent Internet connection at a maximum data rate of 144 kbps, which drops to 80 kbps when the telephone is in use and transparently goes back to 144 kbps when the telephone goes on-hook.
  • the HDSU High bitrate Digital Subscriber Unit
  • the HDSU which is designed for corporate subscribers, can provide voice connectivity for upto 8 telephones and permanent data connectivity of upto 2 Mbps, which drops by 512Kbps when all the 8 telephones are in use.
  • the Basic Rate DSU located at the subscriber's premises has a telephone interface (RJ11) and an Ethernet port (RJ45) to provide Internet Access.
  • the High Bit Rate DSU (HDSU) has an Ethernet port and 4/8 Telephone Interfaces (RJ11), thus having the ability to connect to 4 or 8 independent telephones at a corporate office.
  • the BDSU (BSX 200LP) has local powering off the AC Mains (110V/230V) and a backup battery to support the telephone on power failure.
  • the Ethernet port providing Internet access is off during power failure.
  • a low cost BDSU unit comes without a battery back-up and is powered over the network from the IAN to provide telephone service on power failure.
  • the IAN can provide power to this unit only if the length of the copper is around 800m to 1 Km depending on the wire gauge.
  • the BDSU and the HDSU are connected to the Integrated Access Node, located either at a street corner (curb) or at the central office, using a twisted pair copper wire.
  • the maximum length of the copper can be 5.5 km when 0.4 mm tp copper is used.
  • 144 kbps Internet access can be provided on the BDSU Ethernet port in such a configuration when the telephone is not being used.
  • the Internet access rate seamlessly drops to 80kbps when the BDSU telephone is being used providing the telephone a 64kbps circuit-switched access.
  • the HDSU is also connected using copper to the IAN.
  • the maximum rate at which Internet Access is provided to the HDSU Ethernet port is 2 Mbps, and this is possible when the length of the copper is less than 2 Km (0.4mm tp copper).
  • the bit-rate on the HDSU-IAN link drops for higher lengths of copper, thus reducing Internet access rate on the HDSU ethernet port.
  • Each telephone on the HDSU uses 64kbps when off-hook and reduces the bit-rate of the HDSU Internet access by the same amount. In on-hook mode, the Internet access rate seamlessly reverts to the original value.
  • Both the HDSU and the BDSU have a minimum routing function built-in and routes the packets on the Ethernet meant for ISP on to the IAN.
  • the IAN separates the voice traffic and the Internet traffic.
  • the voice traffic from each BDSU/HDSU is circuit switched on demand to one of the 64kbps slots on E1 lines connected to an exchange.
  • the protocol used between the IAN and the switch is the ITU standard V5.2.
  • the IAN can have a SMUX unit which would connect the DIAS subscriber to the exchange on 2wire interface as shown in figure 2.2.
  • the IAN acts as an access unit of the exchange and provides all the features and services of the exchange to the subscriber.
  • the Internet traffic from each BDSU/HDSU is concentrated at the IAN (IAN essentially acts as a RAS at this point) and passed on to the ISP on an 10Mbps Ethernet or an E1 leased line. Upto 2 such E1 ports are provided on the IAN for connection to the ISP.
  • IAN has another E1 voice cascade port (referred to as E1 OUT port), which enables cascading multiple lANs as discussed in the next section.
  • Each IAN is designed to support a combination of HDSU and BDSU subscribers.
  • the options are,
  • the DIAS system is designed so that multiple lANs could be cascaded at the service provider's premises. Multiple lANs are connected to each other on a 10 Base T Ethernet (switched/shared). The Internet data from all the lANs can thus be combined and taken to the ISP on one or more leased E1 lines.
  • lANs it is possible for lANs to set up a m x 64 kbps switched call to an ISP router.
  • the concentrated Internet data from various subscribers can thus be taken on m slots of the E1 port to the exchange and then on to the ISP.
  • the combination of leased lines and switched Internet access lines provides Always-ON service to a subscriber and still allows extra bandwidth to be made available for Internet on demand.
  • an IAN has an E1 (IN) port, to interconnect it to an exchange.
  • E1 (IN) port Interconnecting multiple lANs on E1 (OUT) cascade port allows the switched service of multiple lANs to be on a single E1 line to the exchange. This is especially important as voice traffic on a single IAN from its subscribers is unlikely to use a full E1 port to an exchange. Stacking for data and voice is explained in detail hereafter.
  • BDSU Basic Rate
  • HDSU high bit rate
  • the IAN is housed in a 6U/19" sub rack. All the I/O connections are at the front with the power supply connections at the rear. It has the following cards:
  • Each BDSL line card has a connector at the front that has 24 connections for 12 subscribers.
  • Each HDSL Line card has 8 connections for 4 subscribers. All these connections are through Euro Connectors.
  • the Switch Card has an Ethernet Port and a RS-232 port for Management and cascading. All E1 connections come from the E1 Uplink Card. There are four E1 ports on the E1 Uplink Card. Two are for voice trunks and are marked E1 IN and E1 OUT. The other two are for data connection over the WAN. A second port on E1 uplink card is for a remote alarm unit.
  • the IAN consumes 100W without any power feed to the subscribers. Each subscriber power feed adds about 5W to the power. For supporting 60 subscribers, the DIAS will consume 400W in total.
  • the supply is powered use 48V +12V.
  • the power feed circuits are protected against short circuit to a maximum current of 100mA.
  • the PSTN Interface in the DIAS is an E1 (IN) port conforming to ITU-T G.703, G.704 and G.823. Besides there is a E1 (OUT) cascade port.
  • the E1 IN Port and the E1 cascade or E1 OUT Port can be used to cascade a IAN to two other lANs. When a single IAN is used, the IN E1 port will be used for connecting to PSTN.
  • the PSTN is the clock master on the E1 Port and the IAN loops back the clock.
  • the WAN Interface in the IAN is made up of two E1 ports for Internet connectivity to the WAN. Both ports are channelized E1 ports and conform to ITU-T G.703 electrical specifications.
  • the entire system is capable of being centrally managed.
  • the management can be from a terminal using CLI or from a remote location, using SNMP.
  • the system supports standard SNMP management protocols.
  • the DIAS provides a set of operational testing and maintenance options.
  • the Basic Rate Digital Subscriber Unit has one Ethernet port and one telephone port. It connects to the IAN over a pair of copper wires.
  • the BSX-200 provides 144 kbps data connection while the telephone is not under use. When the telephone is used, the data rate goes down to 80kbps. This change is automatic and needs no user intervention.
  • the BSX-200 is powered off the 230V mains as well as remote powered from the IAN. In case of the 230V failing, the BSX-200 enters a low power mode in which it keeps the telephone operational with the power from the IAN.
  • the BSX-200LP does not have the power feed from the IAN. It however has a battery that provides backup power in case the 230V input fails.
  • the battery is a 12V, 1.3Ah battery. Standby time of 12 hours is expected from this battery.
  • the BSX-200LP also has a in-built battery charging circuits to keep the solid lead acid battery charged properly while the mains supply is on.
  • High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Unit (HSX-200X)
  • the High Bit Rate Digital subscriber units provide higher bit rates and more telephone ports.
  • the basic HDSU is the HSX-200X that has just one 10BaseT port. This can provide upto 2 Mbps data rate to the IAN. By adding optional plug in modules, the number of telephone ports can be increased from zero to eight. Each telephone card plugged into the baseboard will provide 4 telephone ports.
  • the HSX2000, HSX-2004 and HSX-2008 have 0, 4 or 8 telephone ports respectively.
  • All HDSU units are locally powered. In case of failure of the 230V Mains supply, these units have a 12V battery for backup power. In case the 230V power fails, the HDSU units enter a low power state wherein only one telephone port works. All the other telephone ports and the Ethernet port are shut down. All HSX-200X units need a 12V, 1.3Ah sealed lead acid battery for backup.
  • the HSX-200X units are all housed in a tabletop/wall mountable box with provisions for fitting the optional telephone cards.
  • the Basic Unit is a Data only Module that has provisions to accept one or two Telephone Cards that have four Telephone lines each. By adding these cards as plug in modules, the number of telephones the HDSU can support can be four, eight or twelve. .
  • the reach of the DIAS is dependent on three factors - the wire gauge, the bit rate required at the subscriber end and the need for power feed. For various bit rates and gauges, the reach distances are shown here. There is also a column that lists the reach without power feed.
  • the BDSU comes in two versions.
  • BSX-200 is a line-powered unit. Under loss of power from the local Mains, the unit is powered from the line. In this reduced mode, the power consumed by the BSX-200 is 3W.
  • the IAN feed power is 4.8W.
  • the distance from the IAN to the BSX-200 now depends on the wire gauge that can deliver this power at the subscriber end. For various gauges, the expected distance is as shown below
  • DIAS DIAS-on-Information
  • routing and addressing issues security, management, billing, configuration and stacking.
  • An IAN acts as a router considering each subscriber as a routing port. Hence each IAN requires one or more IP addresses (IP S ). With the explosive growth of the Internet, an operator may face difficulty in obtaining a large number of IP addresses.
  • Class-A Service Leased-line connection with more than one subscriber node
  • Class-B Service Leased-line connection with only one subscriber node
  • Class-C Service Dial-up connection Class-A Service
  • this class of service is the same as Class-A. But in the situation where the subscriber requires only one node to be connected to the Internet, the Class-A requires two IP addresses, one for the DSU and the other for the node. To overcome this problem, we slightly vary the scheme by allocating the lAN's IP addresses (IPs) to the DSU box and allocating only one IP address (say IP ⁇ to the subscriber node.
  • IPs IP addresses
  • This domain name is attached to only one subscriber node (node with address IP ⁇ ), which we call the subscriber-Internet-node.
  • the number of effective nodes on the Internet can be increased by running a proxy server on the machine IP 1 , and connecting more nodes to the subscriber LAN, with locally significant addresses. These local nodes can then access the Internet indirectly through the subscriber-Internet-node.
  • Class-C provides leased-line connectivity, and it is possible to associate a domain name with subscriber machines. However, for most domestic purposes, it is not necessary to have the above features.
  • Class-C service allows only one subscriber node, and the IP address for that node is allocated from the IAN from a pool of local IP addresses. These are not well known addresses and cannot directly go on to the Internet.
  • a NAT server is required at the IAN side. The NAT server will translate all traffic from the subscribers (who will have local IP addresses) to a well known IP address.
  • the subscriber will not have a domain name on his own. He will still be connected permanently to the Internet. However, the subscriber loses the domain name facility. This service will be useful for residential subscribers who would normally not have to host a web site or an email server. See the section Servers and IP addresses for more details on this.
  • no domain name is attached to the subscriber.
  • This class of subscriber normally uses the Internet for e-mail and web-browsing. E-mails are accessed by logging on to the server of the ISP.
  • the number of effective nodes can be increased by using a proxy server at the subscriber premises, assigned a Class-C address as described above. Now other nodes on Ethernet (at subscriber premises) can access Internet through this proxy server. This service will be available as a future upgrade.
  • Each IAN acts as a router, forwarding IP packets between the Internet and subscribers connected to its BDSUs and HDSUs.
  • Each subscriber machine on the Ethernet port of a DSU is considered as one routing port on par with the Ethernet port and the E1 port on the IAN.
  • Each interface is assigned a global IP address and each subscriber is assigned a global or a local IP address depending on the class of service, as discussed in the previous section.
  • a subscriber has only a single connection to the Internet, through one specific IAN. For such cases, static routing is sufficient.
  • the IAN maintains its routing tables independently using only information on IP addresses assigned to its subscribers.
  • a stack of lANs are interconnected via Ethernet to form a large DIAS. While the stack as a whole does static routing, each IAN needs to know the IP addresses of subscribers connected to other lANs in the stack. This exchange is done using the Routing Information Protocol (RIP).
  • RIP Routing Information Protocol
  • ISPs figure 4.3
  • the lANs need to dynamically update their routing tables. Again, this is accomplished using RIP.
  • OSPF Open Shortest Path First
  • DIAS management can be split into two parts : management of the data-portion and of the voice-portion
  • each subscriber is considered as a routing port, i.e., the Ethernet port on the DSU box is considered as an extended Ethernet port of the IAN.
  • the data portion is completely SNMP manageable. All the standard MIBs associated with the entities are supported: MIB-II, PPP, RIP and routing-table. In addition, a proprietary MIB is defined for handling enterprise, call management, RADIUS, ML-PPP and the xDSL link.
  • V5.2 This basically consists of managing V5.2.
  • V5.2 is currently managed by another proprietary management interface.
  • SMUX When two-wire interface is used with a SMUX, the management of the voice-portion is carried out using SNMP.
  • ) When two-wire interface is used with a SMUX, the management of the voice-portion is carried out using SNMP.
  • Command Line Interface
  • the IAN has an RS232 port, through which the DIAS could be completely managed. DIAS also supports the telnet protocol, using which one could login to the IAN and the complete CLI command set could be accessed remotely.
  • DIAS provides secure Internet access to subscribers. Rigourous checking is done with the subscriber, before allowing him/her to access the Internet. Since each port is associated with one DSU box, there is little chance of an intruder gaining access through that port.
  • Each subscriber is associated with two IDs. One is the public-id, which is well known, and the other is the secret-id. Each DSU box is assigned this secret-id (assignment is done though proprietary methods) and the DSU box is checked for access only with this secret-id, which can be kept secret even from the subscriber. Accounting and access information are managed by the ISP using this secret-id of the subscriber. Configuring this secret-id cannot be done across the Internet. It can be done only through the CLI, using the privileged password.
  • DIAS system and its components are designed to require minimal configuration in the field. Most of the parameters and subscriber information are accessed through a server located on the Internet network. This method enables quick and easy replacement of a failed IAN, since most of the information is stored in the off-the-site server. This design strategy allows the ISPs to keep their downtime minimal and prevent loss of information due to failed units.
  • An ISP must have a Radius Server connected to the IAN on the Internet for authentication and billing. Failure of connection between the IAN and the Radius Server results in disconnection of service to all services.
  • IP addresses not recognized outside the DIAS network
  • the IAN will then have to be connected (on the Ethernet Port) to a NAT (Network Address Translation) Server.
  • the NAT server converts local IP addresses into some well known IP addresses before passing them on to the Internet.
  • a subscriber with a permanent (well known) IP address connected all the time to the Internet does not require a separate mail server or a web server.
  • the subscriber's machine that is connected to the Internet will usually perform these functions as seemed necessary by the subscriber (he can use his machine as a web server if he wishes to). If the subscriber has only a local IP address, he will not be able to host a web site or have a unique domain name.
  • An ISP who provides only locally managed IP addresses should have an email server as well as a web server for the subscribers. These servers should have well known IP addresses and must be permanently connected to the Internet.
  • Stacking of more than one IAN is required in the case where a higher number of subscribers are concentrated through the same voice-E1 and data-E1 lines.
  • the stacking strategy differs for voice and data.
  • Stacking of data is carried at over the Ethernet backbone.
  • Four lANs can be stacked to serve a maximum of 240 subscribers.
  • a proprietary stack- management protocol distributes the routing table to the lANs connected through the backbone. Thus, over a period of time, all the lANs will get complete information about all the other lANs that are connected to the backbone.
  • One of the lANs connected to the E1 link of the ISP is considered as the default gateway by the other lANs.
  • two lANs can be connected to the ISP.
  • the other IAN becomes the default gateway.
  • Each IAN is allocated a few slots on the E1 link.
  • Individual lANs establish and receive calls using the slots allocated to them.
  • each IAN acts like a drop/insert multiplexer for those slots.
  • a Distributed V5.2 stack is run across the lANs.
  • a service provider using the DIAS has an estimate of the voice and Internet traffic of his subscribers and provides an appropriate number of E1 ports to the exchange and to the router.
  • the total voice traffic generated is ne Eriangs. It is necessary that sufficient numbers of lANs are cascaded so that ne Eriangs traffic be carried on the E1 lines connected to the exchange.
  • the total Eriang traffic out of the IAN to the switch will be equal to
  • the Always-On or permanent Internet Access provides immense bandwidth to the customer. However, the subscriber is unlikely to use the connection all the time and the Internet access uses bursty traffic. Since IAN concentrates traffic, it is important to obtain an estimate of the average Internet traffic generated by all the subscribers together and its variance. This is a difficult task and the estimate will be different based on the nature of subscribers. The usage pattern may in fact change over time.
  • the HDSU Internet access is for the corporate client and usage is expected to be more. Let us assume a 25Mbyte data transfer by an average HDSU user in an hour.
  • the average data rate is
  • an E1 link Even after accounting for a large variance, one third of an E1 link may suffice.
  • Activity factor the ratio of average traffic during the busy hour to link capacity. Activity factor is likely to range from 1-10%, for subscribers with a single PC to an organization with a large LAN.
  • the aggregate average data rate on the backhaul from the IAN to the ISP can be calculated.
  • the IAN concentrates traffic, it is important to obtain an estimate of the average traffic generated by all the subscribers together and its variance. This is a difficult task as the traffic depends on the nature of subscriber. The usage pattern may in fact change over time.
  • the dimensioning should be adjusted based on monitoring of actual traffic.
  • the HDSU Internet access is for the corporate client and usage is expected to be more. Let us assume 25 MB of data transfer in an hour. The activity factor works out to be
  • the average rate is
  • the delay increases as the average data rate approaches the link capacity (figure 8).
  • IP packets range in size from 40 bytes to 1500 bytes, with an average of about 200 - 300 bytes.
  • the DIAS system is sufficiently flexible to serve several different applications.
  • a DIAS system can be used to provide Internet access to subscribers over an area of a few km. square, independent of the voice telephone network. This may be useful where voice plus Internet is not feasible, owing to regulatory constraints. For instance, currently in India, only two basic service operators are licensed in each state, but there is no limit on the number of Internet Service Providers.
  • Such a system may be used in an organization situated on a large campus, which already has a PBX for voice and possibly Ethernet LANs in some buildings.
  • a DIAS could be used to provide a campus-wide LAN with connection to the Internet.
  • DIAS is most cost effective when used to provide both voice and Internet access. This can be operated in several ways:
  • BSO basic service operator
  • each DIAS is operated by a franchisee who provides voice + Internet access in a locality.
  • the DIAS is connected through a BSO to the PSTN and Internet.
  • DIAS can be deployed in different configurations depending on the subscriber density, and the nature of the voice and ISP networks.
  • a dedicated backhaul to the ISP of several Mb/s is called for. This could be provided by a 8 or 34 Mb/s radio link, or a number of leased E1 circuits from the BSO.
  • the subscriber base may consist only of isolated pockets, perhaps separated by 5 km or more. It is then not feasible to use the master-slave architecture. Each pocket needs to be served by an independent DIAS. The data traffic is likely to be at the most a few hundred kb/s. Hence, the backhaul to the ISP could be provided by one or two leased 64 kb/s lines (or an ISDN line), with additional capacity being added when needed, using dial-up lines.
  • DIAS - Direct Internet Access System The Integrated Multi Access Solution that provides both Voice and Data over the same pair of copper wires
  • IP IP
  • PPP PPP
  • ARP ARP
  • ICMP TFTP
  • UDP UDP
  • SNMP SNMP
  • E1 port with V5.2 signalling as conforming to ETSI 300-347-1, ITU-T G.965 and Indian GR TEC G/VAN-02/01 Sep 96 Internet Interface
  • IP IP, PPP, ARP, ICMP, TFTP, UDP, SNMP, V5.2

Abstract

Système permettant d'accéder directement à Internet sur une bande large et offrant également des services vocaux, sans aucune modification à l'infrastructure de câblage existante, ainsi qu'un accès à Internet disponible en permanence pour l'utilisateur. Ce système est basé sur un DSU combinant des paquets de données vocales et Internet sur un seul câble à paire tordue situé chez l'utilisateur; un IAN servant à séparer le trafic vocal et le trafic de données provenant de plusieurs utilisateurs et à les acheminer de façon indépendante vers le RTPC et l'Internet respectif, cet IAN étant connecté à l'Internet par l'intermédiaire de ports de données E1 ou d'un port Ethernet et au RTPC par l'intermédiaire (1) d'un port vocal E1 ou (2) de lignes POTS en plus d'un module éventuel SMUX convertissant une ligne E1 unique en lignes POTS multiples.
PCT/IN2001/000003 2000-01-12 2001-01-11 Systeme d'acces direct a internet WO2001052460A2 (fr)

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AU42726/01A AU4272601A (en) 2000-01-12 2001-01-11 A direct internet access system

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WO2004109963A2 (fr) 2003-05-30 2004-12-16 Adc Dsl Systems, Inc. Element de reseau telealimente
US8503437B2 (en) * 2003-03-13 2013-08-06 Verizon Business Global Llc Integrated customer premises equipment device

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US5898839A (en) * 1997-03-17 1999-04-27 Geonet Limited, L.P. System using signaling channel to transmit internet connection request to internet service provider server for initiating and internet session
WO1999029136A1 (fr) * 1997-12-02 1999-06-10 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Transmission simultanee de donnees vocales et non vocales sur une seule connexion a bande etroite
US6125177A (en) * 1997-09-15 2000-09-26 Nortel Networks Corporation Telephone communications network with enhanced signaling and call routing

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US5668857A (en) * 1996-03-29 1997-09-16 Netspeed, Inc. Communication server apparatus and method
US5898839A (en) * 1997-03-17 1999-04-27 Geonet Limited, L.P. System using signaling channel to transmit internet connection request to internet service provider server for initiating and internet session
US6125177A (en) * 1997-09-15 2000-09-26 Nortel Networks Corporation Telephone communications network with enhanced signaling and call routing
WO1999029136A1 (fr) * 1997-12-02 1999-06-10 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Transmission simultanee de donnees vocales et non vocales sur une seule connexion a bande etroite

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8503437B2 (en) * 2003-03-13 2013-08-06 Verizon Business Global Llc Integrated customer premises equipment device
WO2004109963A2 (fr) 2003-05-30 2004-12-16 Adc Dsl Systems, Inc. Element de reseau telealimente
EP1629658A2 (fr) * 2003-05-30 2006-03-01 ADC DSL Systems, Inc. Element de reseau telealimente
EP1629658A4 (fr) * 2003-05-30 2009-08-26 Adc Dsl Sys Inc Element de reseau telealimente

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AU4272601A (en) 2001-07-24

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