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1
PRESS NOTE
ON
AFFIRMATION OF THE
PERSECUTION AND ETHNIC CLEANSING OF THE
BENGALI HINDUS IN EAST PAKISTAN/BANGLADESH
AS
BENGALI HINDU GENOCIDE
Observe 27 March as
Bengali Hindu Genocide Day
PUBLISHED BY
PASCHIMBANGER JANYA
Contact: 9831085215
ON THE OCCASION OF
THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE
BANGLADESH LIBERATION WAR
2021
2
1971 BENGALI HINDU GENOCIDE
The Bengali Hindus and the Bengali-speaking Muslims emerged as distinct ethnic identities
with conflicting historical outlook and divergent future aspirations in the beginning of the
20th century. The Bengali-speaking Muslim leadership aligned themselves with the pan-India
level Muslim leadership in the Pakistan movement. The Muslim-majority eastern Bengal
became East Pakistan, where recurrent persecution and ethnic cleansing in the Bengali
Hindus became the norm in the 1940s, 50s and the 60s. Tens of thousands of Bengali Hindus
were massacred and millions of Bengali Hindus were forced to migrate from East Pakistan to
India.
In principle, the Hindus as a religious minority community didn’t fit into the scheme of things
in the Islamic republic of Pakistan. While West Pakistan was ethnically cleansed of Hindus
and Sikhs during the Partition, a fifth of East Pakistan’s population going into the 1960s was
still Bengali Hindu in spite of the recurrent persecution and ethnic cleansing. The West
Pakistan leadership believedWest Pakistanto be more Islamic than East Pakistan, so in the
best interests of the country, the West exerted a hegemonic control over the East. In spite of
East Pakistan having numerical majority, the bureaucracy, judiciary and the legislature was
dominated by West Pakistan.
East Pakistan’s demand for cultural autonomy through the recognition of Bengali as the co-
official state language or the demand for political autonomy through the Six Point Movement
was seen by Pakistan’s ruling elites not only as a threat to the integrity of Pakistan but also as
movements being masterminded by the Bengali Hindus.The threat became real after Awami
League’s landslide victory in the 1970 national elections. Pakistan’s ruling elites realized that
in any democratic arrangement, East Pakistan’s leadership would have the greater share of
power due toEast Pakistan’s numerical superiority which in turn was because of its Bengali
Hindu population.In the 1961 census, West Pakistan’s population was recorded as 42.8
million to East Pakistan’s 50.8 million. The differential of 8 million was less than the Bengali
Hindu population which stood at 9.4 million. Even if the 1.1 million Bengali Hindus who fled
East Pakistan in the 1960s are deducted, still the differential was less than the remaining
Bengali Hindus.
In the eyes of Pakistan’s ruling elites, East Pakistan’s secessionist demands was essentially a
Bengali Hindu problem. To solve the problem once and for all, they came up with the ‘final
3
solution’ of extermination of three million Bengali Hindus and expulsion of the remainder,
which would allow West Pakistan to regain its demographic edge over East Pakistan. Once it
was adopted as the official policy, detailed planning and preparation followed. On one hand
went the propaganda where the Bengali Hindus were branded as the enemies of the state and
labelled as Indian agents, and one the other went ahead the logistic feat of maneuvering
military and supplies from West to East and raising paramilitary organizations in the East.
The Pakistan military regime decided to use the cover of the civil war in East Pakistan to
execute its plan.
On 25th March, the Pakistan Army launched Operation Searchlight to take absolute control of
the province, which began by neutralization of the East Pakistan based army battalions,
border guards, paramilitary & police and massacre of the Hindus. It began with the shelling
and massacre of the inmates of Jagannath Hall, the Hindu student’s hostel of Dhaka
University, followed by destruction of Hindu neighbourhoods like Shankharibazar,
Tantibazar and within 48 hours the decimation of Ramna Kali temple, the icon of Bengali
Hindu civilization in East Pakistan. An estimated one hundred thousand Bengali Hindus were
massacred within a week of destruction in Dhaka, following which the Army spread out to
capture the district towns. The Operation Searchlight end as the last East Pakistan town fell to
the Pakistan Army on 25 May. By then millions of Bengali Hindu refugees had fled to India.
Once the Pakistan Army had taken full control of the land, they resorted to ‘Kill and Burn’
missions, hunting down the Bengali Hindus from door to door. From this time on, they were
supported in this mission by the paramilitary Razakar Force. Bengali Hindus were rounded
up in batches and summarily executed on charges of providing shelter to the Bangladeshi
freedom fighters, many of which turned out to be false accusations. Hundreds of such
massacres took place all across the province. The massacres were accompanied by genocidal
rape, loot and destruction of temples.This continued till India officially joined the Bangladesh
Liberation War. By that time there were ten million refugees in India, at least 80% of whom
were Bengali Hindus.
The death toll of the massacres are variously estimated by independent researchers to be
between 50,000 and 1.5 million, including Bengali-speaking Muslims and Bihari Muslims.
Bangladesh’s official position stands at 3 million dead, the 2.4 million of whom are presumed
to be Bengali Hindus. The mass killings of the Bengali Hindus with the intent of destruction
of the community in parts constitutes a genocide under United Nations Genocide Convention.
4
The actions taken by the Pakistan Army and their Bangladeshi collaborators cover almost all
of the ten stages of genocide as postulated by eminent scholar Professor Gregory Stanton.
The International Commission of Jurists in its 1972 report had affirmed that the mass killings
of the Bengali Hindus as a prime facie case of genocide. In the recent years, scholars like
Gary J. Bass and Sarmila Bose acknowledged that the mass killings of the Bengali Hindus
constituted genocide.
The Bangladesh genocide has hitherto been ignored or at most acknowledged only as a
Bengali genocide, as a continuing legacy of the positions taken by the major stakeholders of
the conflict at that point of time. As we commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the events, it
is time that the events are acknowledged as Bengali Hindu genocide from political, legal and
academic standpoints. Governments should work towards ensuring transitional justice for the
victims who have been denied any justice till date.
5
Appendix 1: List of massacres
The following table provides a partial list of the massacres of Bengali Hindus by the Pakistan Army
and their Bangladeshi collaborators. The list is by no means exhaustive, as there has been no thorough
research on the subject till date.
Date Location Casualties
25 Mar JU Jagannath Hall,
Shahbagh PS, Dhaka
More than 100 Bengali Hindu students and staffwere killed by
Pakistan Army.
26 Mar Shankharibazar, Dhaka
Metropolitan PS, Dhaka
8,000 Bengali Hindus were machine gunned and burnt alive by
Pakistan Army.
27 Mar Ramna Race Course,
Ramna PS, Dhaka
200-300 Bengali Hindus were shot dead,12 Bengali Hindu women
taken captive by Pakistan Army.
27Mar Loharpool, Sutrapur
PS, Dhaka
15 Bengali Hindus were taken hostage with the help of Bihari
Muslim collaborators and summarily executed by Pakistan Army.
28 Mar Beauty Boarding,
Banglabazar, Sutrapur
PS, Dhaka
14 Bengali Hindus shot to death,along with two Muslims and one
Christian by Pakistan Army.
31 Mar MadhyamNathpara,
Halishahar PS,
Chittagong
37 Bengali Hindus were hacked to death with axe, kris and ramdaos
along with EPR rebels by Bihari Muslim collaborators supported by
Pakistan Army.
2 Apr Jinjira, Keraniganj PS,
Dhaka District
More than 1,000 Bengali Hindus were massacred in the villages of
Jinjira, Kalindi and Subhadhya by Pakistan Army.
4 Apr Bamangram,
Nandigram PS, Bogra
District
9 Bengali Hindus were shot to death by Pakistan Army.
13 Apr Unashattarpara,Raozan
PS, Chittagong District
69 Bengali Hindus were taken hostage by Salauddin Quader
Chaudhry & his gang and summarily executed by Pakistan Army.
13 Apr Jagatmallapara, Raozan
PS, Chittagong District
34 Bengali Hindus were tricked into a peace meeting by Salauddin
Quader Chaudhry & his gang and summarily executed by Pakistan
Army.
16 Apr Dhapdhup Beel, Boda
PS, Panchagarh District
3,500 Bengali Hindus fleeing to India were arrested and summarily
executed by burst fire by Pakistan Army with the help of Bengali-
speaking Muslim collaborators.
17 Apr Akhira, Phulbari PS,
Dinajpur District
125 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by Pakistan Army.
20 Apr Shakpura, Raozan PS,
Chittagong District
More than 300 people, majority of them Bengali Hindus. were shot
dead by the Pakistan Amy with active help from collaborators.
20 Apr Gomastapur,
Gomastapur PS,
Nawabganj District
35 Bengali Hindus were rounded up and shot to death by Pakistan
Army.
21 Apr Sree Angan,
Goalchamat, Kotwali
8 Bengali Hindu monks were gunned down by the Pakistan Army
6
PS, Faridpur within the monastery.
23 Apr Jathibhanga,
Thakurgaon Sadar PS,
Thakurgaon District
3,000 to 3,500 Bengali Hindus fleeing to India were were arrested
and summarily executed by burst fire by Pakistan Army with the
help of Jamaat-e-Islami, Muslim League and PDP collaborators.
23 Apr Bahuli Mitrapara,
Patiya PS, Chittagong
District
10-20 Bengali Hindus were killed by the Pakistan Army.
25 Apr Ataikula, Raninagar PS,
Nagaon District
52 Bengali Hindus shot dead by the Pakistan Army.
26 Apr Karai Kadipur,
Joypurhat PS,
Joypurhat District
370 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by burst fire by the
Pakistan Army with the help of collaborators.
27 Apr Kaliganj, Jaldhaka PS,
Nilphamari District
Around 400 Bengali Hindus refugees fleeing towards India were
indiscriminately shot and summarily executed in batches by the
Pakistan Army with the help of Muslim League (Convention)
leader Kazi Abdul Kader and his associates.
28 Apr Jamijuri, Dohazari PS,
Chittagong District
17 Bengali Hindus were indiscriminately shot to death by the
Pakistan Amy.
29 Apr Barguna District Jail,
Barguna District
More than 50 Bengali Hindus along with Bengali-speaking
Muslims were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army.
2 May Ishangopalpur,Faridpur
District
28 Bengali Hindu men were summarily executed by the Pakistan
Army with the help of collaborators.
2 May Gava Narerkathi,
Banaripara PS, Barisal
District
95-100 Bengali Hindus were tricked by the collaborators to a peace
meeting, where they were summarily executed by the Pakistan
Army.
3 May Muzaffarabad, Patiya
PS, Chittagong District
More than 300 Bengali Hindus were shot and butchered to death by
the Pakistan Army and the collaborators.
5 May Naria, Moulvibazar
Model PS, Moulvibazar
District
28 Bengali Hindu men were summarily executed by the Pakistan
Army with the help of Peace Committee.
13 May Bakchar, Faridpur
Kotwali PS, Faridpur
District
9 Bengali Hindus are killed by collaborators.
13 May Baushgari, Demra,
Faridpur PS, Pabna
District
More than 900 Bengali Hindu men and women are summarily
executed by the Pakistan Army.
14 May Baria, JoydebpurPS,
Gazipur District
Around 200 Bengali Hindus were indiscriminately shot dead by the
Pakistan Army.
14 May Satanikhil canal,
MunshiganjPS,
MunshiganjDistrict
14 Bengali Hindus were taken hostage and summarily executed by
the Pakistan Army with the help of collaborators.
15 May Charbhadrasan,
Charbhadrasan PS,
Faridpur District
50-60 Bengali Hindus were killed by the Pakistan Army with active
help from Ali Ahsan Mohammed Mojaheed and his associates.
7
15 May Ketnar Beel, Agailjhara
PS, Barisal District
More than 500 Bengali Hindus were indiscriminately shot to death
by the Pakistan Army.
16 May Ramnagar, Boalmari
PS, Faridpur District
32 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army
with active help from Abul Kalam Azad and his associates.
16 May Jogisho,Durgapur PS,
Rajshahi District
42 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army
with the help of the collaborators.
17 May Kathipara, Rajapur PS,
Barisal District
At least 25 Bengali Hindus were massacred by the Pakistan Army
with the help of local collaborators.
19 May Mithapur, Madaripur
Sadar PS, Madaripur
District
More than 100 Bengali Hindus were massacred by the Pakistan
Army with the help from local collaborators.
20 May Chuknagar, Dumuria
PS, Khulna District
10-12 thousand Bengali Hindu men, women and children were
indiscriminately shot to death by the Pakistan Army and the
Razakars.
20 May Galimpur, Balaganj PS,
Sylhet District
33 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army
with the help of collaborators.
21 May Dakra, Rampal PS,
Bagerhat District
More than 2,000 Bengali Hindu men, women and children were
indiscriminately shot to death by the Pakistan Army and the
Razakars.
21 May Paraikora, Anwara PS,
Chittagong District
176 Bengali Hindus are massacred by the Pakistan Army with help
from the collaborators.
22 May Bhimnali, Mathbaria
PS, Pirojpur District
15 Bengali Hindus were shot dead by the Peace Committee.
22 May Madhyapara,Palong
PS, Shariatpur District
Around 370 Bengali Hindus were shot dead by the Pakistan Army
with the help of collaborators.
23 May Raypur, Daudkandi PS,
Comilla District
10 Bengali Hindus shot to dead by the Pakistan Army, along with
one Muslim.
24 May Bakhrabad, Muradnagar
PS, Comilla District
More than 150 Bengali Hindu men and women are indiscriminately
shot to death by the Pakistan Army. 21 Bengali Hindus were taken
hostage to Debidwar camp and 18 of them executed next day.
26 May Burunga, Osmaninagar
PS, Sylhet District
71-94 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by Pakistan Army
by burst fire.
27 May Bagbati, Sirajganj
Sadar PS, Sirajganj
District
More than 200 Bengali Hindus were indiscriminately shot dead by
the Al Badar Force with help of Pakistan Army and Peace
Committee.
31 May Harinagopal, Sirajganj
Sadar PS, Sirajganj
District
At least 39 people were killed by the Pakistan Army, the majority
of whom were Bengali Hindus.
2 Jun Daldalia, Saghata PS,
Gaibandha District
19 Bengali Hindus were taken hostage from Daldalia to Phulchhari
camp, where they were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army.
One elderly Bengali Hindu man was bayoneted to death in
Daldalia.
13 Jun Golahat, Saidpur PS, Bengali Hindus and Marwaris of Saidpur were tricked into a
refugee train to India, that was stopped and they were hacked to
8
Nilphamari District death by Bihari Muslim collaborators under the command of
Pakistan Army. At least 437 of them died.
14 Jun Adityapur, Balaganj
PS, Sylhet District
63 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army
after being tricked into assembling for distribution of identity cards
by the Peace Committee leaders.
17 Jun Jagadishpur,Jhalokati
PS, Jhalokati District
60 Bengali Hindu men were rounded up by the Razakars five
villages and summarily executed by the Pakistan Army.
16 Aug Kurighat, Hossainpur
PS, Kishoreganj
District
Around 150 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the
Pakistan Army
18 Aug Makalkandi,
Baniachang PS,
Habiganj District
40 Bengali Hindus were indiscriminately shot dead by the Pakistan
Army when they were preparing for Manasa Puja.
21 Aug Shalihar, Gouripur PS,
Mymensingh District
12 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army.
14 Sep Pomara, Rangunia PS,
Chittagong District
13 Bengali Hindus were forced by the Pakistan Army to dig their
own graves and then buried alive.
18 Sep Krishnapur, Lakhai PS,
Habiganj District
127 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan
Army and the Razakars through burst fire.
22 Sep Trimohini, Purbadhala
PS, Netrakona District
26 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army.
7 Oct Suryamani, Mathbaria
PS, Pirojpur District
24 Bengali Hindu men were summarily executed by the Razakars.
30 Oct Kendua, Madaripur
Sadar PS, Madaripur
District
66 Bengali Hindus were killed in four villages under Kendua Union
by the Pakistan Army.
31 Oct Kadhurkhil, Boalmari
PS, Chittagong District
At least 12 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the
Pakistan Army.
4 Nov Shankharikathi, Kachua
PS, Bagerhat District
42 Bengali Hindu men were summarily executed by the Razakars.
Note: The locationsare given as name of the premises / neighbourhood / union / village, followed by the police station (i.e.
sub-district or upazila) and the district or city name. Bangladesh has undergone massive administrative restricting since 1971
where many police stations, sub-divisions and districts have been split. For the reader to easily understand the location, the
above table uses the police station or district names as applicable in 2021.
9
Appendix 2: List of eminent Bengali Hindus killed
The following table provides a partial list of eminent Bengali Hindu killed the Pakistan Army and
their Bangladeshi collaborators or died / committed suicide because of the actions taken by them. The
list is by no means exhaustive, as there has been no thorough research on the subject till date.
No. Name Occupation Fate
1 Dhirendranath Datta
(2 Nov 1886 – 29Mar 1971)
Lawyer, Member of
Constituent Assembly, first to
raise the demand of Bengali as
the official language of
Pakistan, former minister of
Health & Social Welfare
Tortured to death along with his son by
the Pakistan Army at Moinamoti
Cantonment, Comilla District
2 Kamini Kumar Ghosh
(1888 – 25Apr 1971)
Lawyer, philanthropist,
educationist,founder of
Satkania College
Shot dead by Pakistan Army
3 Birendranath Sarkar
(c.1916- 3 Apr 1971)
Revolutionary, freedom fighter,
lawyer, political leader,
journalist, footballer, referee
Shot dead by Pakistan Army at his
Rajshahi residence
4 Bishnu Chattopadhyay
(Apr 1910 – 11 Apr 1971)
Freedom fighter and peasant
leader
Brutally murdered by the collaborators
5 Purnendu Dastidar
(20 Jun 1909 – 9 May1971)
Revolutionary, freedom fighter,
political leader, writer
Died of exhaustion while fleeing from
the Pakistan Army, on his way to India
6 Dayal Hari Biswas
( - 13 Apr 1971)
Student leader Abducted by Salauddin Quader
Chowdhury and his men from his
Raozan residence and tortured to death
in Goods Hill
7 Prasanna Kumar
Bhowmik
( - 9 Apr 1971)
Lawyer, worked along with
Advocate Jatindranath Bhadra
Arrested from residence in Comilla and
taken to Moinamoti Cantonment by the
Pakistan Army where he was tortured
to death.
8 Govinda Chandra Dev
(1 Feb1907 – 26 Mar1971)
Professor of Philosophy, Dhaka
University
Shot dead by Pakistan Armyat DU
quarters, Dhaka
9 Anudvaipayan
Bhattacharya
(31 Jan 1941 – 25Mar 1971)
Lecturer of Applied Physics,
Dhaka University
Shot dead by Pakistan Army at
Jagannath Hall, Dhaka
10 Harinath Dey
(1941 – 27Mar 1971)
Former Lecturer of
Biochemistry, Dhaka
University, Principal Scientific
Officer, Science Laboratory
Shot dead by Pakistan Army at
Loharpool, Sutrapur, Dhaka
11 Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta Reader of English, Dhaka Shot dead by Pakistan Army outside the
10
(10 Jul 1920 – 30 Mar1971) University university building
12 Santosh Chandra
Bhattacharya
(30 Aug1915 – 14 Dec1971)
Lecturer of History, Dhaka
University
Shot dead by Al Badar Force at
Rayerbazar, Dhaka
13 Rabindranath Ghosh
Thakur
Professor of Sanskrit, Dhaka
University, former principal of
Kumudini College
Shot dead by Pakistan Army
14 Sukharanjan Samaddar
( - 14 Apr 1971)
Professor of Sanskrit, Rajshahi
University
Arrested from university professor’s
quarters by the Pakistan Army and
never heard of again
Abani Mohan Datta
( - 8 May 1971)
Lecturer of Philosophy,
Chittagong College & part-time
lecturer in Chittagong
University
Arrested from his rented residence in
Chittagong and brutally killed by
Pakistan Army
15 Sunil Baran
Chakraborty
( - 30 Apr 1971)
Professor of Philosophy,
Carmicheal College, Rangpur
Shot dead along with colleagues by the
Pakistan Army at Damdama Bridge
16 Ramakrishna Adhikari
( - 30 Apr 1971)
Professor of Bengali,
Carmicheal College, Rangpur
Shot dead along with colleagues by the
Pakistan Army at Damdama Bridge
17 Chittaranjan Ray
( - 30 Apr 1971)
Professor of Mathematics,
Carmicheal College, Rangpur
Shot dead along with colleagues by the
Pakistan Army at Damdama Bridge
18 Kalachand Ray
( - 30 Apr 1971)
Professor of Chemistry
Carmicheal College, Rangpur
Shot dead along with colleagues and
wife by the Pakistan Army at Damdama
Bridge
19 Saroj Kumar Nath
Adhikari
Lecturer of Economics,
Narsingdi College
Shot dead along with colleagues by the
Pakistan Army near Iron Bridge,
Panchdona
20 Chitta Roy Lecturer from Pirojpur
21 Ashim Roy Demonstrator, Comilla Victoria
Government College, son of
freedom fighter Atindra Mohan
Roy
Shot dead by Pakistan Army
22 Sailendra Kumar Sen Doctor, philanthropist,
Professor of Surgery at Dacca
National Medical College,
Member of National Assembly
(1955-58)
23 Amalendu Dakshi
( - 29 Mar 1971)
Dentist, political leader Arrested by Pakistan Army from his
Pabna residence, taken to telecom
building where he was tortured for
11
three days and shot dead
24 Digendra Chandra End
(11 May 1905 – 16 Dec 1971)
Retired doctor Killed along with family members in a
shelling by the Pakistan Army at his
residence in Mirza Jangal, Sylhet
District
25 Nishi Hari Nag
( - 28 Mar 1971)
Doctor of Orthopaedics, Dhaka
Medical College
Shot dead by collaborators at his
Shankharibazar residence
26 Rakhal Chandra Das Surgeon, Medical Officer at
Mirzapur IspahaniTea Garden
Hospital
Abducted by the Pakistan Army from
his hospitaland never heard of again
27 Hemchandra Basak
(1909 – 16Apr 1971)
Doctor, Natore Sadar Hospital Shot dead by Pakistan Army while he
was on duty
28 Shyamal Kanti Lala
(28 Jan 1948 – 9 Apr1971)
Surgeon, Sylhet Medical
College Hospital
Arrested while on duty and summarily
executed by Pakistan Army along with
others
29 Narendranath Ghosh
(1936 – 11Sep 1971)
Doctor, Saturia Health Centre
(Manikganj District)
Arrested and murdered by the Pakistan
Army with the help of the Razakars and
Al Badar Force
30 Hasimay Hazra
(23 Jan 1946 – 2 May1971)
Doctor, Dhaka Medical College Abducted by one Rahmat (Bihari
Muslim boxer) and his associates from
in front of Dhaka Medical College and
never heard of again
31 Mihir Kumar Sen
(1936 – 29Apr 1971)
Assistant Surgeon,Dighpait
Health Centre, Jamalpur
Arrested by Pakistan Army along with
family members at Netrokona, taken to
Trimohini bridge and shot,where he
died
32 Niranjan Datta Gupta Doctor at Unashattarpara,
Pahartali Union, Raozan PS,
Chittagong District
Committed suicide after knowing that
his good image was manipulated by
collaborators into making the Bengali
Hindus believe that they won’t be
harmed, but massacred
33 Jogesh Chandra Ghosh Former principal of Jagannath
College, noted practitioner of
Ayurveda,founder of Sadhana
Ausadhalaya,entrepreneurand
philanthropist
Shot dead by the Pakistan Army at his
residence in Gendaria, Dhaka
34 Madhusudan Dey
( - 25 Mar 1971)
Owner of Dhaka University’s
main canteen that was a centre
of intellectual activities and
student politics
Shot along with his family members by
the Pakistan Army, then captured and
taken to Jagannath Hall where he was
finally shot dead
35 Prahlad Chandra Saha
( - 28 Mar 1971)
Owner of Beauty Boarding, a
mess and restaurant that was an
eminent centre of intellectual
Shot dead by the Pakistan Army along
with boarders and staff
12
activities
36 Lakshman Das Wrestler, weight lighter,
entrepreneur, founder of Royal
Pakistan Circus
Shot dead along with his wife by the
Pakistan Army at Ketnar Bil, Barisal
District
37 Ranada Prasad Saha
(15 Nov 1896 – 7 May 1971)
Entrepreneur, had business in
coal, jute, transport.
Philanthropist, founded
Bharateshwari Homes,
Kumudini College, Debendra
College & Kumudini Hospital
Picked up along with his son by the
Pakistan Army from Narayanganj and
never heard of again
38 Nutan Chandra Singha
(1901 – 13Apr 1971)
Entrepreneur & philanthropist Shot dead by Pakistan Army and
Salauddin Quader Chowdhury at his
residence
39 Rajendra Lal Gupta Trustee and manager of Star
Tea Estate
Shot dead along with the Hindu male
employees of the tea garden
40 Tonic Sen Entrepreneur, had transport
business in Faridpur
41 Sukhendu Saha Ray Entrepreneur, owner of
Synophone
Killed by the collaborators in
Dhopdanga Chanpur, Faridpur District
42 Paramananda Giri
( - 27 Mar 1971)
Priest of the Ramna Kali
temple
Shot to death along with others by the
Pakistan Army
43 Amal Krishna Shome
( - 26 Mar 1971)
Eminent theatre artist Abducted by Pakistan Army along with
his youngerbrother from his Jessore
residence and never heard of again
44 Shib Sadhan
Chakraborty
( - 27 Mar 1971)
Journalist with Pakistan
Observer
Killed along with others by the Pakistan
Army in the Ramna Kali temple
massacre

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1971 Bengali Hindu Genocide in East Pakistan by Islamist Razakars

  • 1. 1 PRESS NOTE ON AFFIRMATION OF THE PERSECUTION AND ETHNIC CLEANSING OF THE BENGALI HINDUS IN EAST PAKISTAN/BANGLADESH AS BENGALI HINDU GENOCIDE Observe 27 March as Bengali Hindu Genocide Day PUBLISHED BY PASCHIMBANGER JANYA Contact: 9831085215 ON THE OCCASION OF THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BANGLADESH LIBERATION WAR 2021
  • 2. 2 1971 BENGALI HINDU GENOCIDE The Bengali Hindus and the Bengali-speaking Muslims emerged as distinct ethnic identities with conflicting historical outlook and divergent future aspirations in the beginning of the 20th century. The Bengali-speaking Muslim leadership aligned themselves with the pan-India level Muslim leadership in the Pakistan movement. The Muslim-majority eastern Bengal became East Pakistan, where recurrent persecution and ethnic cleansing in the Bengali Hindus became the norm in the 1940s, 50s and the 60s. Tens of thousands of Bengali Hindus were massacred and millions of Bengali Hindus were forced to migrate from East Pakistan to India. In principle, the Hindus as a religious minority community didn’t fit into the scheme of things in the Islamic republic of Pakistan. While West Pakistan was ethnically cleansed of Hindus and Sikhs during the Partition, a fifth of East Pakistan’s population going into the 1960s was still Bengali Hindu in spite of the recurrent persecution and ethnic cleansing. The West Pakistan leadership believedWest Pakistanto be more Islamic than East Pakistan, so in the best interests of the country, the West exerted a hegemonic control over the East. In spite of East Pakistan having numerical majority, the bureaucracy, judiciary and the legislature was dominated by West Pakistan. East Pakistan’s demand for cultural autonomy through the recognition of Bengali as the co- official state language or the demand for political autonomy through the Six Point Movement was seen by Pakistan’s ruling elites not only as a threat to the integrity of Pakistan but also as movements being masterminded by the Bengali Hindus.The threat became real after Awami League’s landslide victory in the 1970 national elections. Pakistan’s ruling elites realized that in any democratic arrangement, East Pakistan’s leadership would have the greater share of power due toEast Pakistan’s numerical superiority which in turn was because of its Bengali Hindu population.In the 1961 census, West Pakistan’s population was recorded as 42.8 million to East Pakistan’s 50.8 million. The differential of 8 million was less than the Bengali Hindu population which stood at 9.4 million. Even if the 1.1 million Bengali Hindus who fled East Pakistan in the 1960s are deducted, still the differential was less than the remaining Bengali Hindus. In the eyes of Pakistan’s ruling elites, East Pakistan’s secessionist demands was essentially a Bengali Hindu problem. To solve the problem once and for all, they came up with the ‘final
  • 3. 3 solution’ of extermination of three million Bengali Hindus and expulsion of the remainder, which would allow West Pakistan to regain its demographic edge over East Pakistan. Once it was adopted as the official policy, detailed planning and preparation followed. On one hand went the propaganda where the Bengali Hindus were branded as the enemies of the state and labelled as Indian agents, and one the other went ahead the logistic feat of maneuvering military and supplies from West to East and raising paramilitary organizations in the East. The Pakistan military regime decided to use the cover of the civil war in East Pakistan to execute its plan. On 25th March, the Pakistan Army launched Operation Searchlight to take absolute control of the province, which began by neutralization of the East Pakistan based army battalions, border guards, paramilitary & police and massacre of the Hindus. It began with the shelling and massacre of the inmates of Jagannath Hall, the Hindu student’s hostel of Dhaka University, followed by destruction of Hindu neighbourhoods like Shankharibazar, Tantibazar and within 48 hours the decimation of Ramna Kali temple, the icon of Bengali Hindu civilization in East Pakistan. An estimated one hundred thousand Bengali Hindus were massacred within a week of destruction in Dhaka, following which the Army spread out to capture the district towns. The Operation Searchlight end as the last East Pakistan town fell to the Pakistan Army on 25 May. By then millions of Bengali Hindu refugees had fled to India. Once the Pakistan Army had taken full control of the land, they resorted to ‘Kill and Burn’ missions, hunting down the Bengali Hindus from door to door. From this time on, they were supported in this mission by the paramilitary Razakar Force. Bengali Hindus were rounded up in batches and summarily executed on charges of providing shelter to the Bangladeshi freedom fighters, many of which turned out to be false accusations. Hundreds of such massacres took place all across the province. The massacres were accompanied by genocidal rape, loot and destruction of temples.This continued till India officially joined the Bangladesh Liberation War. By that time there were ten million refugees in India, at least 80% of whom were Bengali Hindus. The death toll of the massacres are variously estimated by independent researchers to be between 50,000 and 1.5 million, including Bengali-speaking Muslims and Bihari Muslims. Bangladesh’s official position stands at 3 million dead, the 2.4 million of whom are presumed to be Bengali Hindus. The mass killings of the Bengali Hindus with the intent of destruction of the community in parts constitutes a genocide under United Nations Genocide Convention.
  • 4. 4 The actions taken by the Pakistan Army and their Bangladeshi collaborators cover almost all of the ten stages of genocide as postulated by eminent scholar Professor Gregory Stanton. The International Commission of Jurists in its 1972 report had affirmed that the mass killings of the Bengali Hindus as a prime facie case of genocide. In the recent years, scholars like Gary J. Bass and Sarmila Bose acknowledged that the mass killings of the Bengali Hindus constituted genocide. The Bangladesh genocide has hitherto been ignored or at most acknowledged only as a Bengali genocide, as a continuing legacy of the positions taken by the major stakeholders of the conflict at that point of time. As we commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the events, it is time that the events are acknowledged as Bengali Hindu genocide from political, legal and academic standpoints. Governments should work towards ensuring transitional justice for the victims who have been denied any justice till date.
  • 5. 5 Appendix 1: List of massacres The following table provides a partial list of the massacres of Bengali Hindus by the Pakistan Army and their Bangladeshi collaborators. The list is by no means exhaustive, as there has been no thorough research on the subject till date. Date Location Casualties 25 Mar JU Jagannath Hall, Shahbagh PS, Dhaka More than 100 Bengali Hindu students and staffwere killed by Pakistan Army. 26 Mar Shankharibazar, Dhaka Metropolitan PS, Dhaka 8,000 Bengali Hindus were machine gunned and burnt alive by Pakistan Army. 27 Mar Ramna Race Course, Ramna PS, Dhaka 200-300 Bengali Hindus were shot dead,12 Bengali Hindu women taken captive by Pakistan Army. 27Mar Loharpool, Sutrapur PS, Dhaka 15 Bengali Hindus were taken hostage with the help of Bihari Muslim collaborators and summarily executed by Pakistan Army. 28 Mar Beauty Boarding, Banglabazar, Sutrapur PS, Dhaka 14 Bengali Hindus shot to death,along with two Muslims and one Christian by Pakistan Army. 31 Mar MadhyamNathpara, Halishahar PS, Chittagong 37 Bengali Hindus were hacked to death with axe, kris and ramdaos along with EPR rebels by Bihari Muslim collaborators supported by Pakistan Army. 2 Apr Jinjira, Keraniganj PS, Dhaka District More than 1,000 Bengali Hindus were massacred in the villages of Jinjira, Kalindi and Subhadhya by Pakistan Army. 4 Apr Bamangram, Nandigram PS, Bogra District 9 Bengali Hindus were shot to death by Pakistan Army. 13 Apr Unashattarpara,Raozan PS, Chittagong District 69 Bengali Hindus were taken hostage by Salauddin Quader Chaudhry & his gang and summarily executed by Pakistan Army. 13 Apr Jagatmallapara, Raozan PS, Chittagong District 34 Bengali Hindus were tricked into a peace meeting by Salauddin Quader Chaudhry & his gang and summarily executed by Pakistan Army. 16 Apr Dhapdhup Beel, Boda PS, Panchagarh District 3,500 Bengali Hindus fleeing to India were arrested and summarily executed by burst fire by Pakistan Army with the help of Bengali- speaking Muslim collaborators. 17 Apr Akhira, Phulbari PS, Dinajpur District 125 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by Pakistan Army. 20 Apr Shakpura, Raozan PS, Chittagong District More than 300 people, majority of them Bengali Hindus. were shot dead by the Pakistan Amy with active help from collaborators. 20 Apr Gomastapur, Gomastapur PS, Nawabganj District 35 Bengali Hindus were rounded up and shot to death by Pakistan Army. 21 Apr Sree Angan, Goalchamat, Kotwali 8 Bengali Hindu monks were gunned down by the Pakistan Army
  • 6. 6 PS, Faridpur within the monastery. 23 Apr Jathibhanga, Thakurgaon Sadar PS, Thakurgaon District 3,000 to 3,500 Bengali Hindus fleeing to India were were arrested and summarily executed by burst fire by Pakistan Army with the help of Jamaat-e-Islami, Muslim League and PDP collaborators. 23 Apr Bahuli Mitrapara, Patiya PS, Chittagong District 10-20 Bengali Hindus were killed by the Pakistan Army. 25 Apr Ataikula, Raninagar PS, Nagaon District 52 Bengali Hindus shot dead by the Pakistan Army. 26 Apr Karai Kadipur, Joypurhat PS, Joypurhat District 370 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by burst fire by the Pakistan Army with the help of collaborators. 27 Apr Kaliganj, Jaldhaka PS, Nilphamari District Around 400 Bengali Hindus refugees fleeing towards India were indiscriminately shot and summarily executed in batches by the Pakistan Army with the help of Muslim League (Convention) leader Kazi Abdul Kader and his associates. 28 Apr Jamijuri, Dohazari PS, Chittagong District 17 Bengali Hindus were indiscriminately shot to death by the Pakistan Amy. 29 Apr Barguna District Jail, Barguna District More than 50 Bengali Hindus along with Bengali-speaking Muslims were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army. 2 May Ishangopalpur,Faridpur District 28 Bengali Hindu men were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army with the help of collaborators. 2 May Gava Narerkathi, Banaripara PS, Barisal District 95-100 Bengali Hindus were tricked by the collaborators to a peace meeting, where they were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army. 3 May Muzaffarabad, Patiya PS, Chittagong District More than 300 Bengali Hindus were shot and butchered to death by the Pakistan Army and the collaborators. 5 May Naria, Moulvibazar Model PS, Moulvibazar District 28 Bengali Hindu men were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army with the help of Peace Committee. 13 May Bakchar, Faridpur Kotwali PS, Faridpur District 9 Bengali Hindus are killed by collaborators. 13 May Baushgari, Demra, Faridpur PS, Pabna District More than 900 Bengali Hindu men and women are summarily executed by the Pakistan Army. 14 May Baria, JoydebpurPS, Gazipur District Around 200 Bengali Hindus were indiscriminately shot dead by the Pakistan Army. 14 May Satanikhil canal, MunshiganjPS, MunshiganjDistrict 14 Bengali Hindus were taken hostage and summarily executed by the Pakistan Army with the help of collaborators. 15 May Charbhadrasan, Charbhadrasan PS, Faridpur District 50-60 Bengali Hindus were killed by the Pakistan Army with active help from Ali Ahsan Mohammed Mojaheed and his associates.
  • 7. 7 15 May Ketnar Beel, Agailjhara PS, Barisal District More than 500 Bengali Hindus were indiscriminately shot to death by the Pakistan Army. 16 May Ramnagar, Boalmari PS, Faridpur District 32 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army with active help from Abul Kalam Azad and his associates. 16 May Jogisho,Durgapur PS, Rajshahi District 42 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army with the help of the collaborators. 17 May Kathipara, Rajapur PS, Barisal District At least 25 Bengali Hindus were massacred by the Pakistan Army with the help of local collaborators. 19 May Mithapur, Madaripur Sadar PS, Madaripur District More than 100 Bengali Hindus were massacred by the Pakistan Army with the help from local collaborators. 20 May Chuknagar, Dumuria PS, Khulna District 10-12 thousand Bengali Hindu men, women and children were indiscriminately shot to death by the Pakistan Army and the Razakars. 20 May Galimpur, Balaganj PS, Sylhet District 33 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army with the help of collaborators. 21 May Dakra, Rampal PS, Bagerhat District More than 2,000 Bengali Hindu men, women and children were indiscriminately shot to death by the Pakistan Army and the Razakars. 21 May Paraikora, Anwara PS, Chittagong District 176 Bengali Hindus are massacred by the Pakistan Army with help from the collaborators. 22 May Bhimnali, Mathbaria PS, Pirojpur District 15 Bengali Hindus were shot dead by the Peace Committee. 22 May Madhyapara,Palong PS, Shariatpur District Around 370 Bengali Hindus were shot dead by the Pakistan Army with the help of collaborators. 23 May Raypur, Daudkandi PS, Comilla District 10 Bengali Hindus shot to dead by the Pakistan Army, along with one Muslim. 24 May Bakhrabad, Muradnagar PS, Comilla District More than 150 Bengali Hindu men and women are indiscriminately shot to death by the Pakistan Army. 21 Bengali Hindus were taken hostage to Debidwar camp and 18 of them executed next day. 26 May Burunga, Osmaninagar PS, Sylhet District 71-94 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by Pakistan Army by burst fire. 27 May Bagbati, Sirajganj Sadar PS, Sirajganj District More than 200 Bengali Hindus were indiscriminately shot dead by the Al Badar Force with help of Pakistan Army and Peace Committee. 31 May Harinagopal, Sirajganj Sadar PS, Sirajganj District At least 39 people were killed by the Pakistan Army, the majority of whom were Bengali Hindus. 2 Jun Daldalia, Saghata PS, Gaibandha District 19 Bengali Hindus were taken hostage from Daldalia to Phulchhari camp, where they were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army. One elderly Bengali Hindu man was bayoneted to death in Daldalia. 13 Jun Golahat, Saidpur PS, Bengali Hindus and Marwaris of Saidpur were tricked into a refugee train to India, that was stopped and they were hacked to
  • 8. 8 Nilphamari District death by Bihari Muslim collaborators under the command of Pakistan Army. At least 437 of them died. 14 Jun Adityapur, Balaganj PS, Sylhet District 63 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army after being tricked into assembling for distribution of identity cards by the Peace Committee leaders. 17 Jun Jagadishpur,Jhalokati PS, Jhalokati District 60 Bengali Hindu men were rounded up by the Razakars five villages and summarily executed by the Pakistan Army. 16 Aug Kurighat, Hossainpur PS, Kishoreganj District Around 150 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army 18 Aug Makalkandi, Baniachang PS, Habiganj District 40 Bengali Hindus were indiscriminately shot dead by the Pakistan Army when they were preparing for Manasa Puja. 21 Aug Shalihar, Gouripur PS, Mymensingh District 12 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army. 14 Sep Pomara, Rangunia PS, Chittagong District 13 Bengali Hindus were forced by the Pakistan Army to dig their own graves and then buried alive. 18 Sep Krishnapur, Lakhai PS, Habiganj District 127 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army and the Razakars through burst fire. 22 Sep Trimohini, Purbadhala PS, Netrakona District 26 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army. 7 Oct Suryamani, Mathbaria PS, Pirojpur District 24 Bengali Hindu men were summarily executed by the Razakars. 30 Oct Kendua, Madaripur Sadar PS, Madaripur District 66 Bengali Hindus were killed in four villages under Kendua Union by the Pakistan Army. 31 Oct Kadhurkhil, Boalmari PS, Chittagong District At least 12 Bengali Hindus were summarily executed by the Pakistan Army. 4 Nov Shankharikathi, Kachua PS, Bagerhat District 42 Bengali Hindu men were summarily executed by the Razakars. Note: The locationsare given as name of the premises / neighbourhood / union / village, followed by the police station (i.e. sub-district or upazila) and the district or city name. Bangladesh has undergone massive administrative restricting since 1971 where many police stations, sub-divisions and districts have been split. For the reader to easily understand the location, the above table uses the police station or district names as applicable in 2021.
  • 9. 9 Appendix 2: List of eminent Bengali Hindus killed The following table provides a partial list of eminent Bengali Hindu killed the Pakistan Army and their Bangladeshi collaborators or died / committed suicide because of the actions taken by them. The list is by no means exhaustive, as there has been no thorough research on the subject till date. No. Name Occupation Fate 1 Dhirendranath Datta (2 Nov 1886 – 29Mar 1971) Lawyer, Member of Constituent Assembly, first to raise the demand of Bengali as the official language of Pakistan, former minister of Health & Social Welfare Tortured to death along with his son by the Pakistan Army at Moinamoti Cantonment, Comilla District 2 Kamini Kumar Ghosh (1888 – 25Apr 1971) Lawyer, philanthropist, educationist,founder of Satkania College Shot dead by Pakistan Army 3 Birendranath Sarkar (c.1916- 3 Apr 1971) Revolutionary, freedom fighter, lawyer, political leader, journalist, footballer, referee Shot dead by Pakistan Army at his Rajshahi residence 4 Bishnu Chattopadhyay (Apr 1910 – 11 Apr 1971) Freedom fighter and peasant leader Brutally murdered by the collaborators 5 Purnendu Dastidar (20 Jun 1909 – 9 May1971) Revolutionary, freedom fighter, political leader, writer Died of exhaustion while fleeing from the Pakistan Army, on his way to India 6 Dayal Hari Biswas ( - 13 Apr 1971) Student leader Abducted by Salauddin Quader Chowdhury and his men from his Raozan residence and tortured to death in Goods Hill 7 Prasanna Kumar Bhowmik ( - 9 Apr 1971) Lawyer, worked along with Advocate Jatindranath Bhadra Arrested from residence in Comilla and taken to Moinamoti Cantonment by the Pakistan Army where he was tortured to death. 8 Govinda Chandra Dev (1 Feb1907 – 26 Mar1971) Professor of Philosophy, Dhaka University Shot dead by Pakistan Armyat DU quarters, Dhaka 9 Anudvaipayan Bhattacharya (31 Jan 1941 – 25Mar 1971) Lecturer of Applied Physics, Dhaka University Shot dead by Pakistan Army at Jagannath Hall, Dhaka 10 Harinath Dey (1941 – 27Mar 1971) Former Lecturer of Biochemistry, Dhaka University, Principal Scientific Officer, Science Laboratory Shot dead by Pakistan Army at Loharpool, Sutrapur, Dhaka 11 Jyotirmoy Guhathakurta Reader of English, Dhaka Shot dead by Pakistan Army outside the
  • 10. 10 (10 Jul 1920 – 30 Mar1971) University university building 12 Santosh Chandra Bhattacharya (30 Aug1915 – 14 Dec1971) Lecturer of History, Dhaka University Shot dead by Al Badar Force at Rayerbazar, Dhaka 13 Rabindranath Ghosh Thakur Professor of Sanskrit, Dhaka University, former principal of Kumudini College Shot dead by Pakistan Army 14 Sukharanjan Samaddar ( - 14 Apr 1971) Professor of Sanskrit, Rajshahi University Arrested from university professor’s quarters by the Pakistan Army and never heard of again Abani Mohan Datta ( - 8 May 1971) Lecturer of Philosophy, Chittagong College & part-time lecturer in Chittagong University Arrested from his rented residence in Chittagong and brutally killed by Pakistan Army 15 Sunil Baran Chakraborty ( - 30 Apr 1971) Professor of Philosophy, Carmicheal College, Rangpur Shot dead along with colleagues by the Pakistan Army at Damdama Bridge 16 Ramakrishna Adhikari ( - 30 Apr 1971) Professor of Bengali, Carmicheal College, Rangpur Shot dead along with colleagues by the Pakistan Army at Damdama Bridge 17 Chittaranjan Ray ( - 30 Apr 1971) Professor of Mathematics, Carmicheal College, Rangpur Shot dead along with colleagues by the Pakistan Army at Damdama Bridge 18 Kalachand Ray ( - 30 Apr 1971) Professor of Chemistry Carmicheal College, Rangpur Shot dead along with colleagues and wife by the Pakistan Army at Damdama Bridge 19 Saroj Kumar Nath Adhikari Lecturer of Economics, Narsingdi College Shot dead along with colleagues by the Pakistan Army near Iron Bridge, Panchdona 20 Chitta Roy Lecturer from Pirojpur 21 Ashim Roy Demonstrator, Comilla Victoria Government College, son of freedom fighter Atindra Mohan Roy Shot dead by Pakistan Army 22 Sailendra Kumar Sen Doctor, philanthropist, Professor of Surgery at Dacca National Medical College, Member of National Assembly (1955-58) 23 Amalendu Dakshi ( - 29 Mar 1971) Dentist, political leader Arrested by Pakistan Army from his Pabna residence, taken to telecom building where he was tortured for
  • 11. 11 three days and shot dead 24 Digendra Chandra End (11 May 1905 – 16 Dec 1971) Retired doctor Killed along with family members in a shelling by the Pakistan Army at his residence in Mirza Jangal, Sylhet District 25 Nishi Hari Nag ( - 28 Mar 1971) Doctor of Orthopaedics, Dhaka Medical College Shot dead by collaborators at his Shankharibazar residence 26 Rakhal Chandra Das Surgeon, Medical Officer at Mirzapur IspahaniTea Garden Hospital Abducted by the Pakistan Army from his hospitaland never heard of again 27 Hemchandra Basak (1909 – 16Apr 1971) Doctor, Natore Sadar Hospital Shot dead by Pakistan Army while he was on duty 28 Shyamal Kanti Lala (28 Jan 1948 – 9 Apr1971) Surgeon, Sylhet Medical College Hospital Arrested while on duty and summarily executed by Pakistan Army along with others 29 Narendranath Ghosh (1936 – 11Sep 1971) Doctor, Saturia Health Centre (Manikganj District) Arrested and murdered by the Pakistan Army with the help of the Razakars and Al Badar Force 30 Hasimay Hazra (23 Jan 1946 – 2 May1971) Doctor, Dhaka Medical College Abducted by one Rahmat (Bihari Muslim boxer) and his associates from in front of Dhaka Medical College and never heard of again 31 Mihir Kumar Sen (1936 – 29Apr 1971) Assistant Surgeon,Dighpait Health Centre, Jamalpur Arrested by Pakistan Army along with family members at Netrokona, taken to Trimohini bridge and shot,where he died 32 Niranjan Datta Gupta Doctor at Unashattarpara, Pahartali Union, Raozan PS, Chittagong District Committed suicide after knowing that his good image was manipulated by collaborators into making the Bengali Hindus believe that they won’t be harmed, but massacred 33 Jogesh Chandra Ghosh Former principal of Jagannath College, noted practitioner of Ayurveda,founder of Sadhana Ausadhalaya,entrepreneurand philanthropist Shot dead by the Pakistan Army at his residence in Gendaria, Dhaka 34 Madhusudan Dey ( - 25 Mar 1971) Owner of Dhaka University’s main canteen that was a centre of intellectual activities and student politics Shot along with his family members by the Pakistan Army, then captured and taken to Jagannath Hall where he was finally shot dead 35 Prahlad Chandra Saha ( - 28 Mar 1971) Owner of Beauty Boarding, a mess and restaurant that was an eminent centre of intellectual Shot dead by the Pakistan Army along with boarders and staff
  • 12. 12 activities 36 Lakshman Das Wrestler, weight lighter, entrepreneur, founder of Royal Pakistan Circus Shot dead along with his wife by the Pakistan Army at Ketnar Bil, Barisal District 37 Ranada Prasad Saha (15 Nov 1896 – 7 May 1971) Entrepreneur, had business in coal, jute, transport. Philanthropist, founded Bharateshwari Homes, Kumudini College, Debendra College & Kumudini Hospital Picked up along with his son by the Pakistan Army from Narayanganj and never heard of again 38 Nutan Chandra Singha (1901 – 13Apr 1971) Entrepreneur & philanthropist Shot dead by Pakistan Army and Salauddin Quader Chowdhury at his residence 39 Rajendra Lal Gupta Trustee and manager of Star Tea Estate Shot dead along with the Hindu male employees of the tea garden 40 Tonic Sen Entrepreneur, had transport business in Faridpur 41 Sukhendu Saha Ray Entrepreneur, owner of Synophone Killed by the collaborators in Dhopdanga Chanpur, Faridpur District 42 Paramananda Giri ( - 27 Mar 1971) Priest of the Ramna Kali temple Shot to death along with others by the Pakistan Army 43 Amal Krishna Shome ( - 26 Mar 1971) Eminent theatre artist Abducted by Pakistan Army along with his youngerbrother from his Jessore residence and never heard of again 44 Shib Sadhan Chakraborty ( - 27 Mar 1971) Journalist with Pakistan Observer Killed along with others by the Pakistan Army in the Ramna Kali temple massacre