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Development of an eco-friendly mosquitocidal agent from Alangium salvifolium against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti and its biosafety on the aquatic predator

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Abstract

Plant extracts with their enriched chemical constituents have established potential alternative mosquito control agents. In this research, we developed an eco-friendly mosquitocidal agent from Alangium salvifolium leaves against the dengue and Zika virus vector Aedes aegypti and we investigated its biosafety on the mosquito aquatic predator Toxorhynchites splendens. Results showed that the methanolic extract of A. salvifolium leaves was composed by eight main compounds, with major peak area for hexadecenoic acid (21.74%). LC50 and LC90 values calculated on Ae. aegypti fourth instar larvae were 104.80 and 269.15 ppm respectively. The methanolic extract tested at 100 ppm decreased the α-β carboxylesterase and SOD ratio significantly and upregulated the GST and CYP450 level. The A. salvifolium methanolic extract displayed significant repellent and adulticidal activity at 100 and 400 ppm respectively. The treatment with 100 ppm of the methanolic extract led to 210 min of protection from Ae. aegypti bites. Four hundred parts per million of the extract showed 98% adult mortality within 30 min from the treatment. Lastly, biosafety assays on the mosquito aquatic predator Tx. splendens showed that the toxicity of the A. salvifolium extract was significantly lower if compared to the cypermethrin-based treatments. The methanolic extract of A. salvifolium showed a maximum of 47.3% mortality rate at the concentration of 1000 ppm, while 0.7 ppm of cypermethrin achieved 91.3% mortality rate on Tx. splendens. Overall, our study enhances basic knowledge on how to improve natural larvicidal agents against dengue and Zika virus mosquito vector with harmless responses on non-target aquatic predators.

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Acknowledgements

Author Annamalai Thanigaivel was supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Government of India (45/32/2013/BMS/TRM).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 412, India

    Annamalai Thanigaivel, Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan, Edward-Sam Edwin, Athirstam Ponsankar, Selvaraj Selin-Rani, Muthiah Chellappandian & Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan

  2. Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtrallam, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 802, India

    Kandaswamy Kalaivani

  3. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del 23 Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Giovanni Benelli

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  1. Annamalai Thanigaivel
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  2. Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
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  3. Edward-Sam Edwin
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  4. Athirstam Ponsankar
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  5. Selvaraj Selin-Rani
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  6. Muthiah Chellappandian
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  7. Kandaswamy Kalaivani
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  8. Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
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  9. Giovanni Benelli
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Correspondence to Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan.

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All applicable international and national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.

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Thanigaivel, A., Vasantha-Srinivasan, P., Edwin, ES. et al. Development of an eco-friendly mosquitocidal agent from Alangium salvifolium against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti and its biosafety on the aquatic predator. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 10340–10352 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9102-6

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