WO2007108007A1

WO2007108007A1 - A process for the preparation of ezetimibe via a novel intermediate

Info

Publication number: WO2007108007A1
Application number: PCT/IN2006/000364
Authority: WO
Inventors: Arul Ramakrishnan; Nilesh Balkrishna Shrigadi; Tirtha Suresh Prabhavalkar; Amol Narayan Thorat
Original assignee: Unichem Laboratories Limited
Priority date: 2006-03-23
Filing date: 2006-09-12
Publication date: 2007-09-27

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of Ezetimibe via a novel intermediate. Trans-3(R)-(3-[2-oxo-4(S)-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-azetidinyl]propanoic acid is converted to trans-N-methoxy-N-methyl-3(R)-3-[2-oxo-4(S)-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-azetidinyl]propanamide and the resultant intermediate is subjected to Grignard reaction to obtain trans-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3(R)-[3-oxo-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propyl]-4(S)-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone. Reduction of trans-1-(4-JGiuorophenyl)-3(R)-[3-oxo-3-(4-fluorophenyl) propyl]-4(S)-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone, followed by debenzylation provides Ezetimibe. The invention also relates to the preparation of the intermediate occurring in the above process.

Description

TITLE - A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF EZETIMIBE VIA A NOVEL INTERMEDIATE

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is related to a process for the preparation of Ezetimibe through a novel intermediate.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

US 5767115 disclose the hypocholesterolemic activity of hydroxy-substituted azetidinones } [(3R,4S)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[(3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxy propyl] ⁱ4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone] compound of formula (I) and processes for its preparation.

Formula I

WO 97/16424 discloses the process for the preparation of Ezetimibe [formula (I)] by ¹ ° alkylating a chiral 3-unsubstitute azetidone with 4-fluorocinnamyl bromide, oxidizing the intermediate s© formed, followed by chiral reduction and debenzylation.

WO 97/45406, US 5886171 and J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64(10), 3714-18 discloses a process which comprises reaction of a 4(S)-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-one with an imine to form a chiral diol, which was oxidized to an aldehyde. The resultant 15 aldehyde was condensed with an enolate and hydrogenation of the product followed by chiral reduction gave the compound of formula (I).

WO 2000/34240 discloses the process which comprises: (a) reacting p- fluorobenzoylbutyric acid with pivaloyl chloride and acylating the product with a chiral auxiliary to obtain a ketone; (b) reducing the ketone in the presence of a chiral 7.0 catalyst to obtain} a chiral alcohol; (c) reacting the chiral alcohol with an imine in presence of silyl protecting agent, then condensing the protected compound to form a β-(substituted-amino)amide; (d) cyclisation of the β-(substituted-atnino)amide with silylating agent and fluoride ion to give protected lactam followed by deprotection.

US6627757 and Tet. Lett. 2003, 44, 801-804 discloses the chiral catalytic reduction of ketone using (R)-tetrahydro-l-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-lH,3H-pyrrolo(l_;2-c)(l,2,3)- oxazoborolidine [(R)-MeCBS] or R-diphenylprolinol as a catalyst and borane tetrahydrofuran complex as reducing agent.

WO2005/066120 and WO2005/049592 disclose the stereoselective reduction of ketone using (-)-B-chlorodϋsopinocampheylborane.

US 5767115, discloses the process for the preparation of Ezetimibe. This process involves the use of moisture sensitive, acid chloride derivative of trans- 3(R)-(3-[2- oxo-4(S)-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-azetidinyl] propanoic acid of formula (II) and 4-fluorophenylmagnesium bromide of formula (III), anhydrous ZnCl₂ and the expensive reagent tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium to obtain trans- 1 -(4- fluorophenyl)-3(R)-[3-oxo-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propyl]-4(S)-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2- azetidinone of formula (IV) in low yield. This intermediate is finally converted to

Ezetimibe (formula (I)).

Formula II

Formula III

Formula IV

where R is alkyl or alkylaryl group from C₁ to C₄.

It is therefore our objective of the present invention to make available an economical, practicable and commercially viable process for the preparation of Ezetimibe. The present invention involves use of less expensive reagent for converting acid of S formula (H) to a novel intermediate, trans-N-methoxy-N-methyl-3(R)-3-[2-oxo-4(S)-

(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-azetidinyl]propanamide of formula (V) and subsequently treated with Grignard reagent of formula (III) to obtain trans- 1 -(4- fluorophenyl)-3(R)-[3-oxo-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propyl]-4(S)-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2- azetidinone of formula (IV) in high yield. The ketone of formula (IV) is then reduced using CBS-catalyst and subsequently debenzylated to give Ezetimibe (formula (I)).

Formula (V) where R is as defin ^ed above.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective is achieved by a process for preparing the Ezetimibe of formula (I), which comprises; s a) reacting a compound of formula (II) with an acid activator in a suitable inert solvent and subsequent reaction with N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine salt, optionally in presence of a suitable base to give compound of formula (V)

Formula (V) b) reacting compound of formula (V) with p-fluorophenylmagnesium bromide of formula (III) to obtain ketone of formula (IV) ^

Formula (IV) wherein R is as defined above. c) reducing the ketone of formula (IV) with CBS catalyst to corresponding hydroxyl compound of formula (VI) under the conditions well known in the art.

Formula (VI) d) debenzylating Jthe compound of formula (VI) by hydrogenation to obtain the compound of formula (I).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The compound of formula (II) was prepared according to the process described in i n Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 1998, 6, 1429-1437 and converted to a novel intermediate of formula (V), which is a useful intermediate for the preparation of Ezetimibe.

Preferred stepwise reaction conditions are shown in the following scheme. Step (a): reacting a compound of formula (II) with an acid activator in a suitable inert solvent and subsequent reaction with N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine salt, optionally in presence of a suitable base to give compound of formula (V)

Step (a) is carried out in a suitable inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, diglyme, acetonitrile, dioxane, N,N-dmethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, dichloromethane, chloroform, tert-butyl methyl ether, dϋsopropyl ether, however more preferably in dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran and most preferably in tetrahydrofuran.

The preferred reaction temperature to activate the acid of formula (II) is below the ^ boiling temperature of the solvent used, more preferably between -2O⁰C to boiling temperature of the solvent, still more preferably between about -1O⁰C to 35⁰C and most preferably between 25⁰C to 3O⁰C.

I

The activators for acid of formula (II) are oxalyl chloride, ethyl cbloroformate, methyl chloroformate, pivaloyl chloride, N,N-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), more preferably 5 ethyl chloroformate, pivaloyl chloride and N,N-carbonyldϋmidazole, most preferably

N,N-carbonyldiimidazole. These acid activators are usually used in excess of 1 to 1.5 moles, more preferably 1.1 to 1.3 moles per mole of the compound of formula (II).

Bases used for the reaction are tertiary amines e.g. triethylamine, diethylpropylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylpyrrolidine and N-methylmorpholine, more 0 preferably N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, most preferably N- methylmorpholine. It has particularly been proven to use these bases in about 3 to 5 moles excess; mofe preferably in 2.2 to 2.5 moles excess. If N,N-carbonyldiimidazole is used as an acid activator, then no external base is required for the reaction. N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine salt is used in excess of 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.5 moles, most preferably 1,1 to 1.3 moles per mole of compound of formula (II).

The reaction between N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine salt and the resultant compound after the activation of acid of formula (II) is carried out at O⁰C to 35⁰C. The addition of N,0-dimethylhydroxylamine salt is done at O⁰C. After the addition, the reaction mixture temperature is maintained at 2O⁰C to 35⁰C, most preferably 25° to 3O⁰C, for about 1 to 4 hours, preferably 2 hours.

Step (b): reacting compound of formula (V) with p-fluorophenylmagnesium bromide of formula (III) to obtain ketone of formula (IV).

_] Q Step (b) is carried out in a suitable inert solvent like tetrahydrofuran, diglyme, dioxane, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and tert-butyl methyl ether, more preferably tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether, most preferably tetrahydrofuran.

Grignard reagent of formula (III) is used in excess of 1 to 5 moles, more preferably 2 to 4 moles, most preferably 2.5 to 3 moles per mole of compound of formula (V).

15 The preferred reaction temperature is below the boiling temperature of the solvent used, more preferably between -2O⁰C to boiling temperature of the solvent, still more preferably betweejn -1O⁰C to 35⁰C and most preferably between -5⁰C to 5⁰C, for about 0.5 to 2 hours, preferably 1 hour. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is acidified and extracted with suitable solvent.

20 Step (c): reducing the ketone of formula (IV) with CBS catalyst to corresponding hydroxyl compound of formula (VI).

Step (c) is carried out in a suitable inert solvents like tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloro ethane, dioxane, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert- butyl methyl ether and toluene, more preferably tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane, most preferably tetrahydrofuran.

The preferred reducing reagent is borane dimethyl sulfide complex with (R)- tetrahydro-l-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-lH,3H-pyrrolo(l,2-c)(l,2,3)-oxazoborolidine (R- MeCBS) or R-diphenylprolinol as a catalyst.

The preferable reaction temperature is below the boiling temperature of the solvent used, more preferable between -3O⁰C to boiling temperature of the solvent, still more preferably between -1O⁰C to 35⁰C and most preferably -5⁰C to O⁰C for about 0.5 to 2 hours, preferably 1 hour.

Step (d): debenzylating the compound of formula (VI) by hydro genation to obtain the compound of formula (I).

Step (d) is carried out in suitable inert solvents like ethanol, methanol, propanol, isopropanol and ethyl acetate more preferably ethanol and methanol, most preferably ethanol. The preferred reaction temperature is below the boiling temperature of the solvent used, more preferably between 1O⁰C to boiling temperature of the solvent, more preferably 2O⁰C to 35⁰C and most preferably 28°C to 3O⁰C, for about 0.5 to 8 hours, preferably 3 hours,

The invention can be illustrated by the following example, which is for illustration purpose only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Example 1 :

Preparation of trans-N-methoxy-N-methyl-3(R)-(3-[2-oxo-4(S)-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)- l-(4-fluorophenyl)-azetidinyl]propanamide.

To a solution of trans-3(R)-(3-[2-oxo-4($)-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)- azetidinyl]propanoic acid (12g, 0.0286mol) in tetrahydrofuran (60ml), N₃N- carbonyldϋmidazole (5.56g, 0.0343mol) was added over a period of 10 to 15 minutes at 27⁰C to 3O⁰C and stirred for another 1 hour. To this, N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine salt (3.35g, 0.0343mol) was added at 27⁰C to 3O⁰C and stirred for 2 another hours. After completion of reaction (TLC solvent system, ethyl acetate.hexane; 30:70), 60ml of ethyl acetate and 50ml of water was added and stirred for 15 minutes. Organic layer was separated, washed with 0.5N aqueous HCl (2x30ml) followed by 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2x30ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride (40ml). Organic layer wφs dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to product.

¹H-NMR (400MHz) δ in ppm (CDCl₃): 2.15 (m, 2H), 2.6 (t, 2H), 3.06 (m, 4H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 4.6 (d, IH), 4.98 (s, 2H), 7.05 (m, 13H)

Example 2

Preparation of trans-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-3(R)-[3-oxo-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propyl]-4(S)- (4-benzyloxyphen yl)-2-azetidinone.

To a suspension of magnesium turning (1.82g, 0.0746mol) in tetrahydrofuran (50ml) was added p-bromofiuorobenzene (8.2ml, 0.0746mol) while the maintaining temperature between 40⁰C and 45⁰C and stir for another 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes and cooled to 5⁰C tolO°C. The reaction mass thus formed was added to a solution of trans-N-methoxy-N-methyl-3(R)-(3- [2-oxo-4(S)-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-azetidinyl]propanamide (11.5g, 0.0249mol) in THF (60ml) over a period of 15-20 minutes under nitrogen atmosphere

5 at O⁰C to 5⁰C and stirred for another 30 minutes. After completion of reaction, (TLC solvent system, ethyl acetate:hexane; 70:30) reaction mixture was cooled to 1O⁰C and 0.5N aqueous HCl (10ml) was added at 1O⁰C to 15⁰C. Reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum at 4O⁰C. Dichloro methane (100ml) was added to the concentrated solution and washed with 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2x3 OmI)

_] 0 followed by saturated aqueous sodium chloride (40ml). Organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to get the product (12.68g). ¹H-NMR (400MHz) δ in ppm (CDCl₃): 2.18 (m, IH), 2.31 (m, IH)₃ 3.05 (m, 2H), 3.21 (m, IH), 4.6 (d, IH), 4.96 (s, 2H), 6.82-7.34 (m, 15H), 7.9 (dd, 2H).

Example 3

15 Preparation of (3R,4S)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[(3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxy propyl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone

To a solution of tetrahydrofuran (15ml), α,α-diphenylprolinol (0.17g, 0.689mmol), trimethyl borate (0.093ml, 0.827mmol) was added with stirring at 27⁰C to 29⁰C. After stirred for 20 minutes a solution of trans-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-3(R)-[3-oxo-3-(4-

20 fluorophenyl)propyl]-4(S)-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone (6.85g, 0.0138mol) in tetrahydrofuran (20ml) was added and stirred for 15 minutes. Reaction mixture was cooled to -5⁰C to O⁰C. To this solution borane dimethyl sulfide complex (1.05ml, 0.01 Imol) was added at -5⁰C to O⁰C. Stirred for 4 hours between -5⁰C and O⁰C. After completion of the reaction (TLC solvent system, ethyl acetate:hexane, 70:30),

25 methanol (5ml) was added between -5⁰C and O⁰C in 5 minutes duration, followed by dichloromethane (70ml) with stirring. Reaction mixture was washed with mixture of 5% H₂O₂ (15ml) ₍and 4N aqueous H₂SO₄ (1.5ml), followed by 2N aqueous H₂SO₄ (15ml), followed by 10% aqueous Na₂SO₃ (35ml) finally with saturated aqueous NaCl (40ml). Organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated at 4O⁰C to obtain product. ¹H-NMR (400MHz) δ in ppm(CDCl₃): 1.85 (4H, m), 2.15 (mJH), 3.00 (IH, m), 4.5 (IH, d), 4.65 (IH, t) 5 (2H, s), 6.8-7.4 (17H, m).

Example 4

Preparation of i (3R,4S)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[(3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxy ^*5 propyl] -4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)~2-azetidinone

To a solution of trans-l-(4-fluorophenyl)-3(R)-[3(S)-hydroxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl) propyl]-4(S)-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone (5g, O.Olmol) in ethanol (25ml), 10% palladium on carbon (0.5g, 10% w/w) was added in autoclave at 28⁰C to 3O⁰C. The pressure of the reaction vessel was kept constant at 60 psi hydrogen pressure till

, « completion of reaction. (TLC solvent system, ethyl acetate:hexane, 50:50). Reaction mixture was filtered through celite bed and celite bed was washed with 50ml ethanol. Combined filtrate was concentrated under vacuum at 5O⁰C to get 3.82g yellow semisolid. Which on crystallisation followed by drying under vacuum at 6O⁰C for 3 hours to give white product.

1 S ¹H-NMR (400MHz) δ in ppm(DMSO): 1.75 (4H, m), 3.1 (IH₅ m), 4.50 (IH, m), 4.80

(IH, d), 5.30 (IH, d), 6.70-7.30 (12H, m), 9.6 (s, IH).

Claims

We claim:

I) A process for the preparation of Ezetimibe which comprises: a) reacting the compound of formula (II) with a suitable acid activating agent in a suitable inert solvent and treating the resultant compound with N,O-

<5 dimethylhydroxylamine salt, optionally in presence of a suitable base to give a compound of formula (V) b) reacting the compound of formula (V) with Grignard reagent of formula (III) to give the compound of formula (IV) c) subjecting the compound of formula (IV) for chiral reduction to obtain a ¹0 compound of formula (VI) followed by deprotection.

2) Compound of formula (V)

3) A process according to claim Ia, wherein the suitable inert solvent is such as tetrahydrofuran, diglyme, acetonitrile, dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, dichloromethane, chloroform, tert-butyl methyl ether,

₁ ^ dϋsopropyl ether, diethyl ether however more preferably in dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran and most preferably in tetrahydrofuran.

4) A process according to claim Ia₅ wherein the suitable acid activators are oxalyl chloride, ethyl chloroformate, methyl chloroformate, N,N-carbonyldiimidazole, more preferably oxalyl chloride, ethyl chloroformate, pivaloyl chloride and N₅N-

20 carbonyldiimidazole, most preferably N,N-carbonyldϋmidazole.

5) A process according to claim Ia, wherein the acid activators are usually used in excess of 1 to 1.5 moles, more preferably 1.1 to 1.3 moles per mole of the compound of formula (II).

6) A process according to claim Ia₅ wherein suitable bases used for the reactions are 25 tertiary amines e.g. triethylamine, diethylpropylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N- methylpyrrolidine and N-methylmorpholine, more preferably N- methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, imidazole, most preferably N- methylmorpholine. 7) A process according to claim Ia, wherein bases used in about 3 to 5 moles excess; more preferably in 1.2 to 1.5 moles excess.

8) A process according to claim Ia₃ wherein N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine salt is used in excess of 1 to 2 moles, more preferably 1 to 1.5 moles, most preferably 1.1 to

<5 1.3 moles per mole of compound of formula (II).