WO1986005149A1 - Device to protect vehicle passengers in case of frontal or rear collision - Google Patents

Device to protect vehicle passengers in case of frontal or rear collision Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1986005149A1
WO1986005149A1 PCT/DE1985/000438 DE8500438W WO8605149A1 WO 1986005149 A1 WO1986005149 A1 WO 1986005149A1 DE 8500438 W DE8500438 W DE 8500438W WO 8605149 A1 WO8605149 A1 WO 8605149A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor vehicle
transmitter
distance
receiver
vehicle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1985/000438
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dieter Karr
Wolfgang Menz
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO1986005149A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986005149A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q9/00—Arrangement or adaptation of signal devices not provided for in one of main groups B60Q1/00 - B60Q7/00, e.g. haptic signalling
    • B60Q9/008—Arrangement or adaptation of signal devices not provided for in one of main groups B60Q1/00 - B60Q7/00, e.g. haptic signalling for anti-collision purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0255—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using acoustic signals, e.g. ultra-sonic singals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0287—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles involving a plurality of land vehicles, e.g. fleet or convoy travelling
    • G05D1/0289—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles involving a plurality of land vehicles, e.g. fleet or convoy travelling with means for avoiding collisions between vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B60R21/0134—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to imminent contact with an obstacle, e.g. using radar systems

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a device for protecting motor vehicle occupants in the event of a drive-on.
  • the measures for protecting motor vehicle occupants in the event of a collision or crash caused by collision have so far been restricted to passive protective measures in conventional vehicles, such as the provision of an energy-absorbing deformation area (crumple zone) in front of the passenger cell, and the relatively undeformable design of the passenger cell le itself, seat belts etc.
  • the protective device according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim ⁇ has the advantage that information about the impending crash is issued before the actual collision, and thus time is gained in order to take active, possibly staggered, measures for Initiate Sagittarius shooters.
  • measures can consist, for example, of activating a belt tensioner, filling an impact cushion on the steering wheel, securing the doors against opening when opening, etc.
  • the pre-warning time of 15 m is sufficient to activate optimal protective devices for the motor vehicle occupants.
  • the protective device according to the invention also enables the use of new protective devices, the use of which has so far failed only because they require an activation time, which is then no longer available if, as before, the activation by the crash itself, ie by the mechanical collision he follows.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a motor vehicle with schematically shown protection zones in front of and behind the motor vehicle,
  • Fig. 2 each have a circuit arrangement of and 3 protection device in the motor vehicle according to
  • the motor vehicle 11 seen in a schematic plan view in FIG. 1 is equipped with a device for protecting motor vehicle occupants in the event of a rear-end collision. This has a measuring device 12 and an evaluation - 4 -
  • the measuring device 12 is designed in such a way that in a distance range in front of and behind the motor vehicle 11 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 the relative speed between the motor vehicle 11 and an object penetrating into the front or rear distance range and in the 3 measures the distance and the relative speed of the motor vehicle 11 to an object penetrating into the distance areas.
  • the front and rear distance areas coincide approximately with the lobes shown schematically in FIG. 1, which will be described in more detail below.
  • the measuring device 12 has a transmitter / receiver device 14, 14 ′ arranged on the front side and at the rear of the motor vehicle 11 with a directional characteristic extending in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle 11.
  • the directional characteristics are shown in FIG. 1 indicated schematically and denoted by 15 and 16.
  • 15 and 16 In the directional characteristics 15, 16 only the main lobes can be seen and the largely suppressed side lobes are not shown.
  • the directional characteristics 15, 16 or their main lobes have a corresponding geometric design the transmitter / receiver device 14, 14 '
  • the opening angle is understood to mean the angular range within which the transmission or reception level is halved - 5 -
  • the range of the transmitter / receiver devices 14, 14 'determined by the directional characteristics determines the distance ranges in front of and behind the motor vehicle 11.
  • the transmitter / receiver device 14 has an ultrasonic transmitter 17 and an ultrasonic receiver 18.
  • the ultrasonic transmitter 17 is connected via an amplifier 19 to a transmission signal generator 25, which generates a transmission signal with the transmission frequency f ".
  • the ultrasound signals emitted by the ultrasound transmitter 17 are detected at an object penetrating into the distance range determined by the range of the ultrasound transmitter 17, e.g. on a stationary obstacle or on a preceding or following vehicle from another, reflected and received in the ultrasound receiver 18.
  • the reception signals indicate the reception frequency
  • E sc on where c is the speed of sound in air and v is the relative speed between motor vehicle 11 and object.
  • c is the speed of sound in air
  • v is the relative speed between motor vehicle 11 and object.
  • the Doppler analyzer 21 determines the reception frequency f from the received signals and the Doppler frequency f_ from this and the transmission frequency f.
  • Known Doppler analyzers have a Fourier transformer for frequency analysis of the - 6 -
  • the Doppler frequency f_J at the output of the Doppler analyzer 21 is fed to a multiplier / divider 22, which on the other hand receives the transmission frequency f and a multiplier corresponding to half the speed of sound.
  • the relative speed of the motor vehicle 11 to the object is according to
  • the evaluation circuit 13. Is connected to the output of the multiplier / divider 22 of the measuring device 12. This has a comparator 23 connected to the multiplier / divider 22 and a preventer 24 connected to the output of the comparator 23.
  • the comparator 23 is with a default value of a max. permissible speed of approach between motor vehicle 11 and object is documented, at which a collision can be ruled out with certainty. .
  • the comparator 23 If the output signal of the multiplier / divider 22, that is to say the currently measured approach speed of an object, is greater than this preset value, the comparator 23 generates a trigger signal at its output which starts the preventer 24, which in turn is based on mechanical, electrical , pneumatically or electromagnetically activated one or more protective devices, not shown, present in motor vehicle 11.
  • Such activation can consist, for example, of triggering a belt tensioner, filling an impact cushion, securing the vehicle doors against cracking open, etc. - 7 -
  • the permissible approach speed is based on the range of the measuring device 12, the braking distance of the motor vehicle 11 and the reaction time of the driver so that this is only exceeded when the measured relative speed to one of the distance ranges in front of or behind the motor vehicle 11 penetrating object is so large that the probability of a collision is relatively high.
  • the individual components of the measuring device 12 and the evaluation circuit 13 are each provided twice, the one group of components on the transmitter / receiver device 14 arranged on the front of the motor vehicle 11 and the " other group of components are connected to the transmitter / receiver device 14 'arranged at the rear of the motor vehicle, but it is also conceivable that, with the exception of the transmitter / receiver devices 14, 14', all the other components of the measuring device 12 and the external circuit 13 are provided only once and that these are connected to the front or rear transmitter / receiver unit in a fast switching sequence. However, as soon as an object penetrating into one of the distance areas is detected, the components remain with the transmitter / receiver device 14 which covers this distance area, 14 'connected.
  • a display device 26 can also be provided for the approaching speed z preceding or to subsequent objects, which is to be connected to the output of the multiplier / divider 22. - 8th -
  • the transmitter / receiver device 314 of the measuring device 312 has a single sound transducer 330 which can be operated both as an ultrasonic transmitter and as an ultrasonic receiver.
  • the transducer 330 is surface via an electrical Wei ⁇ 331, possibly with the interposition of a Verstär ⁇ kers, connected to the 'transmission signal generator 325 that generates pulse-like transmission signals here.
  • the transmission signal generator 325 is started by a start pulse generator 332 at predetermined times, a sound pulse being emitted by the sound converter 330 in each case.
  • the period of the start pulse generator 332 is greater than twice the range of the transmitter / receiver device 314 'divided by the speed of sound in air.
  • the measuring device 312 the transit time of the sound pulse to an object penetrating into one of the distance ranges and back is measured and the distance between the motor vehicle 11 and the object is determined therefrom.
  • the measuring device 312 has a counter 333, which is triggered by a clock generator 334. With each start pulse, the counter 333 is reset to zero and the clock is interrupted for the duration of the start pulse, for which purpose the output of the start pulse generator 332 with the clear input of the counter 333 and with the input of one between the clock generator 334 and the clock input of the counter 333 is connected to the NAND gate 335.
  • the sound pulse reflected by the object and received by the sound converter 330 passes through the switch 331 and an amplifier 336, possibly after passing through a pulse - 9 -
  • the counting clock of the counter 333 is predetermined and known by the clock generator 334, the content of the shift register 337 is a measure of the sound pulse propagation time and a direct measure (multiplication by half the sound speed in air) for the distance between the motor vehicle 11 and the object . With a corresponding calibration, the distance can be displayed in a display device 338.
  • the approach speed of the motor vehicle -11 with respect to the object can be determined from at least two distance values measured in a time interval.
  • the shift register 337 is followed by a second, identically designed shift register 339, into which the content of the first shift register 337 is written with each received sound pulse.
  • the outputs of the two shift registers 337 and 339 are connected to a difference generator 340, the output of which is connected to a multiplier 341.
  • multiplier 341 the
  • the difference in distance between two successive distance measurements is multiplied by the reciprocal of the period of the start pulse generator 332, so that a measure of the relative speed between the motor vehicle 11 and the object is available at the output of the multiplier 341.
  • the output values of the multiplier 341 can be summed up and averaged over a longer period of time in order to obtain an average approach speed.
  • the two outputs of the measuring device 312, on the one hand the output of the first shift register 337 and on the other hand the output of the multiplier 341, are connected to the evaluation circuit 313, each with an input of a comparator 343 or 344 assigned a preset value
  • Comparator 343 generates an output signal when its input signal, that is to say the measured distance to the object, falls below the specified value.
  • the comparator 344 generates an output signal when its input signal, that is to say the momentarily measured approach speed, exceeds a preset value.
  • the two output signals of the two comparators 343, 344 are fed as trigger signals to the preventer 324, which in turn activates protective devices (not shown) in the motor vehicle 11, as described in relation to FIG. 2.
  • the trigger signals of the comparators 343, 344 are expediently AND-linked by means of an AND gate 345, so that the preventer 324 is only started when a minimum distance is undershot and a max. Approach speed is exceeded.
  • an OR operation of the trigger signals of the comparators 343 and 344 is also possible.
  • the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described above.
  • the transmitter / receiver devices of the measuring device can also work with radar or infrared in addition to ultrasound.
  • the use of ultrasonic sensors allows a particularly inexpensive solution.
  • a transmitter / receiver device can also be arranged on the motor vehicle in such a way that its directional characteristic — as indicated by the broken lines in FIG. 1 — extends transversely to the direction of travel of the motor vehicle.
  • suitable protective measures for the vehicle occupants can be initiated in the same way in the event of side collisions.
  • There is also the possibility of 'a transmitter / Emptician worn in the door of the force F hrzeugs sited so that the beginning of the' door opening is the detection area for approaching objects on the second lane of the roadway. When an object is detected, for example, the further opening of the door can be blocked.

Abstract

To increase the safety of passengers, a measurement device (12, 312) mounted in or on the vehicle (11) which measures the distance or speed of the vehicle in relation to an object moving into the range, such as another vehicle or an obstacle. When the prescribed values for distance and/or relative speed in the vehicle (11) protection and warning system are not met or are exceeded, a control switch (13, 313) activates the latter, so that by the time the crash occurs it has developed its full protective effect.

Description

- Λ - - Λ -
Vorrichtung zum Schütze von Kraftfahrzeug-Insassen bei Auff hrUnfällenDevice for protecting motor vehicle occupants during accidents
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Vorrichtung zum Schütze von Kraftfahrzeug-Insassen bei Auffahrun¬ fällen.The invention is based on a device for protecting motor vehicle occupants in the event of a drive-on.
Die Maßnahmen zum Schutz von Kraftfahrzeug-Insassen bei einem durch Auffahren herbeigeführten Zusammen¬ stoß oder Crash beschränken sich in herkömmlichen Fahrzeugen bislang auf passive Schutzvorkehrungen, wie das Vorsehen eines energieabsorbierenden Defor¬ mationsbereiches (Knautschzone) vor der Fahrgastzelle, die relativ unverformbare Ausbildung der Fahrgastzel¬ le selbst, Sicherheitsgurte etc.The measures for protecting motor vehicle occupants in the event of a collision or crash caused by collision have so far been restricted to passive protective measures in conventional vehicles, such as the provision of an energy-absorbing deformation area (crumple zone) in front of the passenger cell, and the relatively undeformable design of the passenger cell le itself, seat belts etc.
Ais aktive Schutzmaßnahme ist bislang nur das sog. Air-Bag oder Prallkissen bekannt, das jedoch wegen - 2 -As an active protective measure, only the so-called air bag or impact cushion is known, but because of - 2 -
seines irreversiblen Charakters erst dann ausgelöst werden kann, wenn bereits eine Krafteinwirkung auf das Fahrzeug vorliegt, also der Zusammenstoß bereits erfolgt ist, und das dadurch nicht in allen Fällen seine Schutzfunktion voll entfalten kann.its irreversible character can only be triggered when the vehicle has already been subjected to a force, that is to say the collision has already taken place, and which cannot therefore fully develop its protective function in all cases.
Verteile der ErfindungDistribute the invention
Die erfindu gsgemäße Schutzvorrichtung mit den kenn¬ zeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs ϊ hat den Vor¬ teil, daß eine Information über den bevorstehenden Crash zeitlich vor dem tatsächlichen Zusammenstoß aus¬ gegeben wird und dadurch Zeit gewonnen wird, um aktiv, ggf. gestaffelt, Maßnahmen zum Schütze der Insassen einzuleiten. Solche Maßnahmen können z.B. im Aktivieren eines Gurtstrammers, im Füllen eines Prallkissens am Lenkrad, in der Sicherung der Türen gegen Aufsprin¬ gen beim Auffahren etc. bestehen. Selbst bei relativ klein bemessenem Entfernungsbereich vor und hinter dem Kraftfahrzeug, in welchem die Schutzvorrichtung ein dem Kraftfahrzeug auf dessen Fahrbahn sich näherndes Objekt detektiert, von z.B. ax. 15 m reicht die Vor¬ warnzeit aus, um optimale Schutzeinrichtungen für die Kraftfahrzeuginsassen zu aktivieren. Bei einem z.B. mit 130 km/h auf ein stehendes Hindernis auffahrenden Kraft¬ fahrzeug bleiben bei Erreichen eines Abstandes von 10 m zum Hindernis noch 0, 28 sec bis zum Crash, bei Erreichen eines Abstandes von 5 m noch 0, 14 sec. Diese Vorwarn¬ zeiten sind ausreichend zum Auslösen oder Aktivieren von automatischen Schutzeinrichtungen, so daß diese. zum Chrashzeitpunkt bereits ihre Schutzwirkung voll entfal- tet haben. - 3 -The protective device according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim ϊ has the advantage that information about the impending crash is issued before the actual collision, and thus time is gained in order to take active, possibly staggered, measures for Initiate Sagittarius shooters. Such measures can consist, for example, of activating a belt tensioner, filling an impact cushion on the steering wheel, securing the doors against opening when opening, etc. Even with a relatively small distance range in front of and behind the motor vehicle, in which the protective device detects an object approaching the motor vehicle on its lane, for example ax. The pre-warning time of 15 m is sufficient to activate optimal protective devices for the motor vehicle occupants. In the case of a motor vehicle hitting a standing obstacle, for example, at 130 km / h, when a distance of 10 m from the obstacle is reached, there are still 0.28 seconds to the crash, and when a distance of 5 m is reached, 0.14 seconds. This advance warning ¬ times are sufficient to trigger or activate automatic protective devices, so that these. have already fully developed their protective effect at the time of the crash. - 3 -
Die erfindungsgemäße Schutzvorrichtung ermöglicht auch den Einsatz von neuen Schutzeinrichtungen, deren Verwendung bislang nur daran gescheitert ist, daß sie eine Aktivierungszeit benötigen,, die dann nicht mehr zur Verfügung steht, wenn wie bisher die Aktivierung durch den Crash selbst, also durch den mechanischen Zusammenstoß, erfolgt.The protective device according to the invention also enables the use of new protective devices, the use of which has so far failed only because they require an activation time, which is then no longer available if, as before, the activation by the crash itself, ie by the mechanical collision he follows.
Durch die in den weiteren Ansprüchen angegebenen Ma߬ nahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbes- serungen der in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Schutzvorrich¬ tung möglich.The measures specified in the further claims permit advantageous developments and improvements of the protective device specified in claim 1.
Zeichnungdrawing
Die Erfindung ist anhand von in der Zeichnung darge¬ stellten Ausführungsbeispielen in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail in the following description on the basis of exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit schematisch dargestellten Schutzzonen vor und hinter dem Kraftfahrzeug,1 is a plan view of a motor vehicle with schematically shown protection zones in front of and behind the motor vehicle,
Fig. 2 jeweils eine Schaltungsanordnung einer und 3 Schutzvorrichtung im Kraftfahrzeug gemäßFig. 2 each have a circuit arrangement of and 3 protection device in the motor vehicle according to
Fig. 1 gemäß einem ersten und zweiten Aus- Führungsbeispiel.1 according to a first and second exemplary embodiment.
Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments
Das in Fig. 1 in scharatischer Draufsicht zu sehende Kraft- fahrzeug 11 ist mit einer Vorrichtung zum Schütze von Kraftfahrzeug-Insassen bei Auffahrunfällen ausgerüstet. Diese weist eine MeßVorrichtung 12 und eine Auswerte- - 4 -The motor vehicle 11 seen in a schematic plan view in FIG. 1 is equipped with a device for protecting motor vehicle occupants in the event of a rear-end collision. This has a measuring device 12 and an evaluation - 4 -
Schaltung 13 auf (Fig.2). Die MeßVo richtung 12 ist so ausgebildet, daß sie in einem vor und hinter dem Kraftfahrzeug 11 liegenden Entfernungsbereich im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 2 die Relativgeschwin- digkeit zwischen dem Kraftfahrzeug 11 und einem in de.n vorderen oder hinteren Entfernungsbereich eindringen¬ den Objekt und im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 3 die Distanz und die Relativgeschwindigkeit des Kraft¬ fahrzeugs 11 zu einem in die Entfernungsbereiche ein- dringenden Objekt mißt. Der vordere und hintere Ent¬ fernungsbereich deckt sich in etwa mit den in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellten Keulen, die im folg-enden noch näher beschrieben werden.Circuit 13 on (Fig.2). The measuring device 12 is designed in such a way that in a distance range in front of and behind the motor vehicle 11 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 the relative speed between the motor vehicle 11 and an object penetrating into the front or rear distance range and in the 3 measures the distance and the relative speed of the motor vehicle 11 to an object penetrating into the distance areas. The front and rear distance areas coincide approximately with the lobes shown schematically in FIG. 1, which will be described in more detail below.
Die Meßvorrichtung 12 weist hierzu eine an der Front- seite und eine am Heck des Kraftf hrzeugs 11 angeord¬ nete Sender-/Empängereinrichtung 14, 14' mit einer in Längsrichtung des "Kraftfahrzeugs 11 sich erstreckenden Richtcharakteristik auf. Die Richtcharakteristiken sind in Fig. 1 schematisch angedeutet und mit 15 und 16 be- zeichnet. Bei den Richtcharakteristiken 15, 16 sind nur die Hauptkeulen zu sehen und ist auf die Darstellung der weitgehend unterdrückten Nebenkeulen verzichtet worden. Die Richtcharakteristiken 15, 16 bzw. deren Hauptkeulen, weisen durch entsprechende geometrische Ausbildung der Sender-/Empfängereinrichtung 14, 14'For this purpose, the measuring device 12 has a transmitter / receiver device 14, 14 ′ arranged on the front side and at the rear of the motor vehicle 11 with a directional characteristic extending in the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle 11. The directional characteristics are shown in FIG. 1 indicated schematically and denoted by 15 and 16. In the directional characteristics 15, 16 only the main lobes can be seen and the largely suppressed side lobes are not shown. The directional characteristics 15, 16 or their main lobes have a corresponding geometric design the transmitter / receiver device 14, 14 '
(z.B. durch Aneinanderreihen von einzelnen Wandlerele¬ menten quer zur Längsrichtung des Kraftfahrzeugs 11) einen solchen Öffnungswinkel auf, daß etwas weniger als die Breite einer Fahrspur 28 einer zweispurigen Fahr- bahn 27 abgedeckt wird, also nur wenig mehr als die(e.g. by lining up individual transducer elements transversely to the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle 11) such an opening angle that something less than the width of a lane 28 of a two-lane carriageway 27 is covered, that is to say only a little more than that
Breite des Kraf fahrzeugs 11 selbst. Unter dem Öffnungswin¬ kel wird wie üblich der Winkelbereich verstanden, inner¬ halb dessen der Sende - bzw. Empfangspegel auf die Hälfte - 5 -Width of the motor vehicle 11 itself. As usual, the opening angle is understood to mean the angular range within which the transmission or reception level is halved - 5 -
des πax. Pegels (3 dB) absinkt. Die von den Richt¬ charakteristiken bestimmte Reichweite der Sender-/ Empfängereinrichtungen 14, 14' bestimmt die Entfer¬ nungsbereiche vor und hinter dem Kraftfahrzeug 11.of the πax. Level (3 dB) drops. The range of the transmitter / receiver devices 14, 14 'determined by the directional characteristics determines the distance ranges in front of and behind the motor vehicle 11.
In dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Schutzvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 2 weist die Sender-/Empfängereinrichtung 14 einen Ultraschallsender 17 und einen Ultraschallempfänger 18 auf. Der Ultraschallsender- 17 ist über einen Verstär¬ ker 19 an einen Sendesignalgenerator 25 angeschlossen, der ein Sendesignal mit der Sendefreqeunz f„ erzeugt. Die vom Ultraschallsender 17 abgestrahlten Ultraschallsig¬ nale werden an einem in den von der Reichweite des Ultraschallsenders 17 bestimmten Entfernungsbereich eindringenden oder in diesem befindlichen Objekt, z.B. an einem stehenden Hindernis oder an einem vorausfah¬ renden- oder nachfolgenden- Fremdfahrzeug, reflektiert und im Ultraschallempfänger 18 empfangen. Infolge der Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen dem Kraftfahrzeug 11 und dem Objekt weisen die Ξmpfangssignale die Empfangs- frequenzIn the exemplary embodiment of the protective device according to FIG. 2, the transmitter / receiver device 14 has an ultrasonic transmitter 17 and an ultrasonic receiver 18. The ultrasonic transmitter 17 is connected via an amplifier 19 to a transmission signal generator 25, which generates a transmission signal with the transmission frequency f ". The ultrasound signals emitted by the ultrasound transmitter 17 are detected at an object penetrating into the distance range determined by the range of the ultrasound transmitter 17, e.g. on a stationary obstacle or on a preceding or following vehicle from another, reflected and received in the ultrasound receiver 18. As a result of the relative speed between motor vehicle 11 and the object, the reception signals indicate the reception frequency
f., = f (1 + 2 - ) (1)f., = f (1 + 2 -) (1)
E s c auf, wobei c die Schallgeschwindigkeit in Luft und v die Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen Kraftfahrzeug 11 und Objekt ist. Nach Verstärkung der Ξmpfangssignale in einem Verstärker 20 werden diese einem an sich be¬ kannten Doppleranalysator 21 zugeführt, der ebenfalls die Sendefrequenz f zugeführt erhält. Der Dopplerana- lysator 21 bestimmt aus den Empfangssignalen die Empfangs¬ frequenz f und aus dieser und der Sendefrequenz f die Dopplerfrequenz f_. Bekannte Doppleranalysatoren weisen hierzu einen Fouriertransformator zur Frequenzanalyse der - 6 -E sc on, where c is the speed of sound in air and v is the relative speed between motor vehicle 11 and object. After amplification of the received signals in an amplifier 20, they are fed to a known Doppler analyzer 21, which also receives the transmission frequency f. The Doppler analyzer 21 determines the reception frequency f from the received signals and the Doppler frequency f_ from this and the transmission frequency f. Known Doppler analyzers have a Fourier transformer for frequency analysis of the - 6 -
EmpfangsSignale, einen Maximumsucher zur Ermittlung der dopplerbehafteten Empfangsfrequenz f hl als dieReceive signals, a maximum finder to determine the Doppler-affected reception frequency f hl than that
Frequenz mit der größten Signalamplitude im Frequenz- sprektrum des EmpfangsSignals und einen, Differenzbild- ner zur Subtraktion der Sendefrequenz f von der Em¬ pfangsfrequenz f t_ auf. Die Dopplerfrequenz f_J am Aus- gang des Doppleranalysators 21 wirdeinem Multiplizierer/ Dividierer 22 zugeführt, der andererseits die Sendefre¬ quenz f und einen der halben Schallgeschwindigkeit ent- sprechenden Multiplikator zugeführt erhält. Am Ausgang des Multiplizierers/Dividierers 22 wird die Relativge¬ schwindigkeit des Kraftfahrzeugs 11 zu dem Objekt gemäßFrequency with the largest signal amplitude in the frequency spectrum of the received signal and a difference former for subtracting the transmission frequency f from the reception frequency f t_. The Doppler frequency f_J at the output of the Doppler analyzer 21 is fed to a multiplier / divider 22, which on the other hand receives the transmission frequency f and a multiplier corresponding to half the speed of sound. At the output of the multiplier / divider 22, the relative speed of the motor vehicle 11 to the object is according to
v = -^-'-j— (2) o ausgegeben. Am Ausgang des Multiplizierers/Dividierers 22 der Meßvorrichtung 12 ist die Auswerteschaltung 13.-ange¬ schlossen. Diese weist einen mit dem Multiplizierer/Divi¬ dierer 22 verbundenen Komparator 23 und einen an dem Aus¬ gang des Komparators 23 angeschlossenen Preventer 24 auf. Der Komparator 23 ist mit einem Vorgabewert einer max. zulässigen Annäherungsgeschwindigkeit zwischen Kraftfahr¬ zeug 11 und Objekt belegt, bei welcher mit Sicherheit ein Auffahrun all ausgeschlossen werden kann.. Ist das Aus¬ gangssignal des Multiplizierers/Dividierers 22, d.h. also die momentan gemessene Annäherungsgeschwindigkeit eines Objekts, größer als dieser Vorgabewert, so erzeugt der Komparator 23 an seinem Ausgang ein Auslösesignal, das den Preventer 24 startet, der seinerseits auf mechani¬ sche, elektrische, pneumatische oder elektromagnetische Weise eine oder mehrere weiter nicht dargestellte, im Kraftfahrzeug 11 vorhandene Schutzeinrichtungen akti¬ viert. Eine solche Aktivierung kann z.B. im Auslösen eines Gurtstrammers, Füllen eines Prallkissens, im Si¬ chern der Fahrzeugtüren gegen Aufspringen usw. bestehen. - 7 -v = - ^ -'- j - ( 2 ) o output. The evaluation circuit 13. Is connected to the output of the multiplier / divider 22 of the measuring device 12. This has a comparator 23 connected to the multiplier / divider 22 and a preventer 24 connected to the output of the comparator 23. The comparator 23 is with a default value of a max. permissible speed of approach between motor vehicle 11 and object is documented, at which a collision can be ruled out with certainty. . If the output signal of the multiplier / divider 22, that is to say the currently measured approach speed of an object, is greater than this preset value, the comparator 23 generates a trigger signal at its output which starts the preventer 24, which in turn is based on mechanical, electrical , pneumatically or electromagnetically activated one or more protective devices, not shown, present in motor vehicle 11. Such activation can consist, for example, of triggering a belt tensioner, filling an impact cushion, securing the vehicle doors against cracking open, etc. - 7 -
Der Vorgabewert für die max. zulässige Annäherungs¬ geschwindigkeit ist anhand der Reichweite der Me߬ vorrichtung 12, des Bremsweges des Kraftfahrzeugs 11 und der Reaktionszeit des Fahrers so zubemessen, daß diesererst dann überschritten wird, wenn die gemes¬ sene Relativgeschwindigkeit zu einem in einen der Entfernungsbereiche vor oder hinter dem Kraftfahrzeug 11 eindringenden Objekt, so groß ist, daß die Wahrschein¬ lichkeit eines Zusammenstosses relativ hoch liegt.The default value for the max. The permissible approach speed is based on the range of the measuring device 12, the braking distance of the motor vehicle 11 and the reaction time of the driver so that this is only exceeded when the measured relative speed to one of the distance ranges in front of or behind the motor vehicle 11 penetrating object is so large that the probability of a collision is relatively high.
Zu erwähnen bleibt, daß die einzelnen Bauelemente der Meßvorrichtung 12 und der Auswerteschaltung 13 jeweils zweimal vorhanden sind, wobei die eine Gruppe von Bau¬ elementen an der an der Frontseite des Kraftfahrzeugs 11 angeordneten Sender-/Empfängereinrichtung 14 und die " andere Gruppe von Bauelementen an der am Heck des Kraft¬ fahrzeugs angeordneten Sender-/Empfängereinrichtung 14' angeschlossen sind. Denkbar ist jedoch auch, daß mit Ausnahme der Sender-/Empfängereinrichtungen 14, 14' alle übrigen Bauelemente der Meßvorrichtung 12 und die Aus- erteschaltung 13 nur einmal vorgesehen werden und daß diese in schneller Schaltfolge auf die vordere oder hin¬ tere Sender-/Empfängereinheit aufgeschaltet werden. So¬ bald jedoch ein in einen der Entfernungsbereiche eindrin¬ gendes Objekt detektiert wird, bleiben die Bauelemente mit der diesen Entfernungsbereich erfassenden Sender-/ Empfängereinrichtung 14, 14' verbunden.It should be mentioned that the individual components of the measuring device 12 and the evaluation circuit 13 are each provided twice, the one group of components on the transmitter / receiver device 14 arranged on the front of the motor vehicle 11 and the " other group of components are connected to the transmitter / receiver device 14 'arranged at the rear of the motor vehicle, but it is also conceivable that, with the exception of the transmitter / receiver devices 14, 14', all the other components of the measuring device 12 and the external circuit 13 are provided only once and that these are connected to the front or rear transmitter / receiver unit in a fast switching sequence. However, as soon as an object penetrating into one of the distance areas is detected, the components remain with the transmitter / receiver device 14 which covers this distance area, 14 'connected.
Bei größeren Reichweiten der Meßvorrichtung 12 kann auch eine Anzeigevorrichtung 26 für die Annäherungsgeschwin¬ digkeit z vorausliegendenoder zu nachfolgenden Objek- ten vorgesehen werden, die mit dem Ausgang des Multi¬ plizierers/Dividierers 22 zu verbinden ist. - 8 -In the case of larger ranges of the measuring device 12, a display device 26 can also be provided for the approaching speed z preceding or to subsequent objects, which is to be connected to the output of the multiplier / divider 22. - 8th -
In dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Schutzvorrichtung gemäß Fig. 3 weist die Sender-/Empfängereinrich- tung 314 der Meßvorrichtung 312 einen einzigen Schall¬ wandler 330 auf, der sowohl als Ultraschallsender als auch als Ultraschallempfänger betrieben werden kann. Der Schallwandler 330 ist über eine elektrische Wei¬ che 331, ggf. unter Zwischenschaltung eines Verstär¬ kers, mit dem ' Sendesignalgenerator 325 verbunden, der hier impulsförmige Sendesignale erzeugt. Der Sendesignalgenerator 325 wird von einem Startimpuls¬ generator 332 zu fest vorgegebenen Zeitpunkten gestar¬ tet, wobei jeweils von dem Schallwandler 330 ein Schall¬ impuls ausgesendet wird. Die Periode des Startimpuls¬ generators 332 ist größer als die doppelte Reichweite der Sender-/Empfängereinrichtung 314', dividiert durch die Schallgeschwindigkeit in Luft.In the exemplary embodiment of the protective device according to FIG. 3, the transmitter / receiver device 314 of the measuring device 312 has a single sound transducer 330 which can be operated both as an ultrasonic transmitter and as an ultrasonic receiver. The transducer 330 is surface via an electrical Wei¬ 331, possibly with the interposition of a Verstär¬ kers, connected to the 'transmission signal generator 325 that generates pulse-like transmission signals here. The transmission signal generator 325 is started by a start pulse generator 332 at predetermined times, a sound pulse being emitted by the sound converter 330 in each case. The period of the start pulse generator 332 is greater than twice the range of the transmitter / receiver device 314 'divided by the speed of sound in air.
In der Meßvorrichtύng 312 wird nunmehr die Laufzeit des Schallimpulses zu einem in. einen der Entfernungs¬ bereiche eindringenden Objekt und zurück gemessen und daraus der Abstand zwischen Kraftfahrzeug 11 und Ob¬ jekt ermittelt. Hierzu weist die Meßvorrichtung 312 einen Zähler 333 auf, der von einem Taktgenerator 334 getriggert wird. Mit jedem Startimpuls wird der Zäh¬ ler 333 auf Null zurückgesetzt und der Clock für die Dauer des Startimpulses unterbrochen, wozu der Ausgang des Startimpulsgenerators 332 mit dem Clear-Eingang des Zählers 333 und mit dem Eingang eines zwischen dem Takt¬ generator 334 und dem Takteingang des Zählers 333 einge¬ schalteten NAND-Gliedes 335 verbunden ist.In the measuring device 312 the transit time of the sound pulse to an object penetrating into one of the distance ranges and back is measured and the distance between the motor vehicle 11 and the object is determined therefrom. For this purpose, the measuring device 312 has a counter 333, which is triggered by a clock generator 334. With each start pulse, the counter 333 is reset to zero and the clock is interrupted for the duration of the start pulse, for which purpose the output of the start pulse generator 332 with the clear input of the counter 333 and with the input of one between the clock generator 334 and the clock input of the counter 333 is connected to the NAND gate 335.
Der vom Objekt reflektierte und von dem Schallwandler 330 empfangene Schalli puls gelangt über die Weiche 331 und einem Verstärker 336, ggf. nach Durchlaufen eines Impuls- - 9 -The sound pulse reflected by the object and received by the sound converter 330 passes through the switch 331 and an amplifier 336, possibly after passing through a pulse - 9 -
formers, an den Takteingang eines Schieberegisters 337 mit einem Mehrbitspeicherplatz. Der Signaleingang des Schieberegisters 337 ist mit dem Ausgang des Zählers 333 verbunden, so daß mit jedem empfangenen Schallim- puls der Zählinhalt des Zählers 333 in das Schiebe¬ register 337 eingeschrieben wird. Da der Zähltakt des Zählers 333 vom Taktgenerator 334 vorgegeben und be¬ kannt ist, ist der Inhalt des Schieberegisters 337 ein Maß für die Schallimpulslaufzeit und ein direktes Maß (Multiplikation mit der halben Schallgeschwindig¬ keit in Luft) für die Entfernung zwischen Kraftfahrzeug 11 und Objekt. Die Entfernung kann bei entsprechender Eichung in einer Anzeigevorrichtung 338 angezeigt wer¬ den.formers, to the clock input of a shift register 337 with a multi-bit memory space. The signal input of the shift register 337 is connected to the output of the counter 333, so that the counting content of the counter 333 is written into the shift register 337 with each received sound pulse. Since the counting clock of the counter 333 is predetermined and known by the clock generator 334, the content of the shift register 337 is a measure of the sound pulse propagation time and a direct measure (multiplication by half the sound speed in air) for the distance between the motor vehicle 11 and the object . With a corresponding calibration, the distance can be displayed in a display device 338.
Zusätzlich kann aus mindestens zwei in einem Zeitinter¬ vall gemessenen Distanzwerten die Annäherungsgeschwindig¬ keit des Kraftfahrzeugs -11 bezüglich des Objekts er¬ mittelt werden. Hierzu ist dem Schieberegister 337 ein zweites identisch ausgebildetetes Schieberegister 339 nachgeschaltet, in welches mit jedem empfangenen Schall¬ impuls der Inhalt des ersten Schieberegisters 337 ein¬ geschrieben wird. Die Ausgänge der beiden Schiebere¬ gister 337 und 339 sind mit einem Differenzbildner 340 verbunden, dessen Ausgang an einem Multiplizierer 341 angeschlossen ist. In dem Multiplizierer 341 wird dieIn addition, the approach speed of the motor vehicle -11 with respect to the object can be determined from at least two distance values measured in a time interval. For this purpose, the shift register 337 is followed by a second, identically designed shift register 339, into which the content of the first shift register 337 is written with each received sound pulse. The outputs of the two shift registers 337 and 339 are connected to a difference generator 340, the output of which is connected to a multiplier 341. In multiplier 341 the
Entfernungsdifferenz zweier aufeinanderfolgender Distanz¬ messungen mit dem Kehrwert der Periode des Startimpuls¬ generators 332 multipliziert, so das am Ausgang des Multiplizierers 341 ein Maß für die Relativgeschwindig- keit zwischen Kraftfahrzeug 11 und Objekt zur Verfügung steht. Selbstverständlich können die Ausgangswerte des Multiplizierers 341 über einen längeren Zeitraum auf¬ summiert und gemittelt werden, um so eine mittlere An¬ näherungsgeschwindigkeit zu erhalten. Die Annäherungs- - 10 -The difference in distance between two successive distance measurements is multiplied by the reciprocal of the period of the start pulse generator 332, so that a measure of the relative speed between the motor vehicle 11 and the object is available at the output of the multiplier 341. Of course, the output values of the multiplier 341 can be summed up and averaged over a longer period of time in order to obtain an average approach speed. The approximation - 10 -
geschwindigkeit kann in einermit dem Ausgang des Multiplizierers 341 verbundenen Anzeigevorrichtung 342 sichtbar gemacht werden. Da die Periode des Start¬ generators 332 konstant ist, ist bereits die Entfer- nungsdifferenz am Ausgang des Differenzbildners 340 ein Maß für die Annäherungsgeschwindigkeit zwischen Kraftfahrzeug 11 und Objekt, so daß bei entsprechender Eichung der Anzeigevorrichtung 342 auf den Multipli¬ zierer 341 verzichtet werden kann.speed can be visualized in a display 342 connected to the output of multiplier 341. Since the period of the start generator 332 is constant, the distance difference at the output of the difference generator 340 is already a measure of the approach speed between the motor vehicle 11 and the object, so that the multiplier 341 can be dispensed with if the display device 342 is appropriately calibrated .
Die beiden Ausgänge der Meßvorrichtung 312, und zwar einerseits der Ausgang des ersten Schieberegisters 337 und andererseits der Ausgang des Multiplizierers 341, sind mit der Auswerteschaltung 313 verbunden, und zwar jeweils mit einem Eingang eines mit einem Vorgabewert belegten Ko parators 343 bzw. 344. Der Komparator 343 erzeugt ein Ausgangssignal, wenn sein EingangsSignal, d.h. also 'die gemessene Entfernung zum Objekt, den Vor¬ gabewert unterschreitet. Der Komparator 344 erzeugt ein Ausgangssignal, wenn sein Eingangssignal, also die momen- tan gemessene Annäherungsgeschwindigkeit, einen Vorgabe¬ wert überschreitet. Die beiden Ausgangssignale der beiden Komparatoren 343, 344 sind als Auslösesignale dem Preventer 324 zugeführt, der seinerseits wiederum im Kraftfahrzeug 11 vorhandene, nicht dargestellte Schutzeinrichtungen - wie zu Fig. 2 beschrieben - akti¬ viert. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Auslösesignale der Komparatoren 343, 344 mittels eines AND-Gliedes 345 UND-verknüpft, so daß der Preventer 324 erst dann ge¬ startet wird, wenn eine Mindestdistanz unterschritten und eine max. Annäherungsgeschwindigkeit überschritten wird. Selbstverständlich ist auch eine ODER-Verknüpfung der Auslösesignale der Komparatoren 343 und 344 möglich. - 11 -The two outputs of the measuring device 312, on the one hand the output of the first shift register 337 and on the other hand the output of the multiplier 341, are connected to the evaluation circuit 313, each with an input of a comparator 343 or 344 assigned a preset value Comparator 343 generates an output signal when its input signal, that is to say the measured distance to the object, falls below the specified value. The comparator 344 generates an output signal when its input signal, that is to say the momentarily measured approach speed, exceeds a preset value. The two output signals of the two comparators 343, 344 are fed as trigger signals to the preventer 324, which in turn activates protective devices (not shown) in the motor vehicle 11, as described in relation to FIG. 2. The trigger signals of the comparators 343, 344 are expediently AND-linked by means of an AND gate 345, so that the preventer 324 is only started when a minimum distance is undershot and a max. Approach speed is exceeded. Of course, an OR operation of the trigger signals of the comparators 343 and 344 is also possible. - 11 -
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die vorstehend beschrie¬ benen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. So können die Sender-/Empfängereinrichtungen der Meßvorrichtung ne¬ ben Ultraschall auch mit Radar oder Infrarot arbeiten. Die Verwendung von Ultraschallsensoren läßt jedoch eine besonders kostengünstige Lösung zu.The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described above. The transmitter / receiver devices of the measuring device can also work with radar or infrared in addition to ultrasound. However, the use of ultrasonic sensors allows a particularly inexpensive solution.
Des weiteren kann eine Sender-/Empfängereinrichtung auch so am Kraftfahrzeug angeordnet werden, daß ihre Richt¬ charakteristik - wie in Fig. 1 strichliniert angedeutet ist - sich quer zur Fahrtrichtung des Kraftfahrzeugs erstreckt. Hierdurch können bei seitlichen Kollisionen in gleicher Weise geeignete Schutzmaßnahmen für die Fahr- zeuginsassen eingeleitet werden. Weiter besteht die Möglichkeit,'eine Sender-/Empängereinrichtung in der Tür des Kraftf hrzeugs anzubringen, so daß mit Beginn der' Türöffnung deren Erfassungsbereich für sich nähernde Objekte auf der zweiten Fahrspur der Fahrbahn liegt. Bei Erfassen eines Objektes kann damit z.B. das weitere Öff¬ nen der Tür blockiert werden. Furthermore, a transmitter / receiver device can also be arranged on the motor vehicle in such a way that its directional characteristic — as indicated by the broken lines in FIG. 1 — extends transversely to the direction of travel of the motor vehicle. In this way, suitable protective measures for the vehicle occupants can be initiated in the same way in the event of side collisions. There is also the possibility of 'a transmitter / Empängereinrichtung in the door of the force F hrzeugs sited so that the beginning of the' door opening is the detection area for approaching objects on the second lane of the roadway. When an object is detected, for example, the further opening of the door can be blocked.

Claims

- 12 -Ansprüche - 12 claims
1. Vorrichtung zum Schütze von Kraftfahrzeug-Insassen bei Auffahrunfällen, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t1. Device for protecting motor vehicle occupants in rear-end collisions, g e k e n n e e i c h n e t
'd u r c h eine im oder am Kraftfahrzeug (11) ange- . ordnete Meßvorrichtung (12;312), welche innerhalb eines vor und/oder hinter dem Kraftfahrzeug (11) liegenden Erfassungsbereiches den Abstand und/oder die Relativgeschwindigkeit des Kraftfahrzeugs (11) zu einem in den Entfernungsbereich eindringenden Objekt, wie Fremdfahrzeug, stehendes Hindernis u.dgl. mißt, und durch eine Auswerteschaltung (13;313) welche bei Unter- bzw. Überschreiten von Vorgabe¬ werten des Abstandes und/oder der Relativgeschwindig¬ keit im Kraftfahrzeug (11) vorhandene Schutz- und/ oder Warneinrichtungen aktiviert oder auslöst. ' by a in or on the motor vehicle (11). arranged measuring device (12; 312) which, within a detection area lying in front of and / or behind the motor vehicle (11), the distance and / or the relative speed of the motor vehicle (11) to an object penetrating into the distance range, such as a foreign vehicle, an obstacle and the like. the like measures, and by an evaluation circuit (13; 313) which activates or triggers existing protective and / or warning devices when the specified values of the distance and / or the relative speed in the motor vehicle (11) are undershot or exceeded.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e ¬ k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Meß Vorrichtung2. Device according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e ¬ k e n n z e i c h n e t that the measuring device
(12; 312) eine an der Frontseite und/oder am Heck des Kraftf hrzeugs (11) angeordnete Sender-/Empfän- gereinrichtung (14,14';314) mit in Längsrichtung des - 13 -(12; 312) a transmitter / receiver device (14, 14 '; 314) arranged on the front and / or at the rear of the motor vehicle (11) with in the longitudinal direction of the - 13 -
Kraftfahrzeugs (11) sich erstreckender Richt¬ charakteristik aufweist, die jeweils einen Wel¬ lenenergie aussendenden Sender (17;330) und einen am Objekt reflektierte Wellenenergie empfangenden Empfänger (18;330) aufweist.Motor vehicle (11) extending directional characteristic, each having a transmitter (17; 330) emitting wave energy and a receiver (18; 330) receiving wave energy reflected on the object.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, d a d u r c h g e ¬ k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Richtcharak¬ teristiken einen solchen Öffnungswinkel aufweisen, daß ihre Hauptkeule nicht mehr als die Breite einer 0 Fahrspur (28) einer zweispurigen Fahrbahn (27) ab¬ deckt.3. Device according to claim 2, so that the directional characteristics have such an opening angle that their main lobe does not cover more than the width of one lane (28) of a two-lane lane (27).
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, d a d u r c h g e k e'n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Entfernungs¬ bereich durch die Reichweite der Sender-/Empfänger- -5 . einri'chtun'g (14, 14';314) festgelegt ist.4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, dadurchgeke ' nnzeich that the distance range by the range of the transmitter / receiver -5. einri'chtun 'g (14, 14'; 314) is fixed.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 - 4, d a ¬ d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß Sender und Empfänger als Ultraschallsender (17) bzw. Ultraschallempfänger (18) ausgebildet sind.5. Device according to one of claims 2-4, that the transmitter and receiver are constructed as ultrasonic transmitters (17) or ultrasonic receivers (18).
20 6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 5, d a ¬ d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Auswerteschaltung (13;313) mindestens einen mit einem Vorgabewert belegten Komparator (23;343, 344) aufweist, der ein Auslöse- oder Aktivierungssignal20 6. Device according to one of claims 1-5, d a ¬ d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the evaluation circuit (13; 313) has at least one comparator (23; 343, 344), which has a trigger or activation signal
25 für die Schutz- und/oder Warneinrichtungen erzeugt. 25 generated for the protection and / or warning devices.
PCT/DE1985/000438 1985-03-02 1985-11-05 Device to protect vehicle passengers in case of frontal or rear collision WO1986005149A1 (en)

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DEP3507381.0 1985-03-02
DE19853507381 DE3507381A1 (en) 1985-03-02 1985-03-02 DEVICE FOR PROTECTING VEHICLE VEHICLES IN ACCIDENTAL ACCIDENTS

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EP0497364A1 (en) * 1991-01-31 1992-08-05 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Vehicular optical-radar apparatus
US5260710A (en) * 1991-01-31 1993-11-09 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Vehicular optical-radar apparatus
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US6209909B1 (en) 1994-05-23 2001-04-03 Automotive Technologies International Inc. Side impact airbag systems
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US7359782B2 (en) 1994-05-23 2008-04-15 Automotive Technologies International, Inc. Vehicular impact reactive system and method
US6755273B2 (en) 1994-05-23 2004-06-29 Automotive Technologies International, Inc. Combined airbag inflation and occupant displacement enabling method and apparatus
US6918459B2 (en) 1994-05-23 2005-07-19 Automotive Technologies International, Inc. Method and apparatus for deploying airbags
US7783403B2 (en) 1994-05-23 2010-08-24 Automotive Technologies International, Inc. System and method for preventing vehicular accidents
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EP0842829A1 (en) 1996-11-19 1998-05-20 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Trigger device for occupant restraint systems in a vehicle
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DE19647660B4 (en) * 1996-11-19 2005-09-01 Daimlerchrysler Ag Tripping device for occupant restraint systems in a vehicle
EP0890488A3 (en) * 1997-07-07 2000-04-26 FIAT AUTO S.p.A. A system for controlling the activation of an air-bag in a motor-vehicle
DE19742606B4 (en) * 1997-09-26 2005-09-15 Volkswagen Ag Method and device for activating occupant protection systems in motor vehicles
US7002262B2 (en) 2000-08-02 2006-02-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Activation control apparatus and method of air bag system
DE10355325B4 (en) * 2003-11-27 2014-02-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Restraint system for vehicle occupants
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DE102004062497B4 (en) * 2004-12-24 2016-05-19 Daimler Ag Method and device for reducing the risk of a rear-end collision
CN102490654A (en) * 2011-11-17 2012-06-13 唐梓蛟 Electronic early-warning device and implementation method thereof
DE102017003440A1 (en) * 2017-04-08 2018-10-11 Man Truck & Bus Ag Method for operating a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0214148A1 (en) 1987-03-18
DE3507381A1 (en) 1986-09-04

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