US2099249A - Jetty - Google Patents

Description

Nw, 16, v1937'.

S M WOOD JETTY Flled June .'50, 1936 Patented Nov. 16, 1937 n UNI-TED STATES PATENT OFFICE n JETTY sydney M: Wood, Lakeluff, In;

Applicata-ni June k'30, 1936,' serial' Noi 88,179

` Claims; inventionA relates toV improvements i in jetties;

Tlievproblem of protecting water front property is lone vwhich has presentedfenumerable ,diiicul` 5 tie's-H particularly -along the shores of Vvthe Great property destruction has occurred. Animportant factor in causingeJ receding shore line is -'the erosive action ofthe waters forces. thiserosiveaoti'onis lmost damaging during a period when the water level is rhigh'f,f and Virr View of `th'e fact that statistics show that-highlevels occur in regular cycleson the Great Lakes, there is always a periodof transition betweena loWvv level and a high level during which-'most prop'- erty owners" are inadequately protected.y l l He'retofore', ithas beenattempted to check this erosiveactionfbyv building retaining walls Which-` Y parallel the edge of the: hillside;vv There is; how-Y no ever, no wall strong-feriough'to permanenti-ylitri-th'-1r stand the 'action' of the water-s forces; .and-'thisy Ytype of protection is therefore eflicacious for a i short'tinie only. A long, gradually-sloping beach well Sllplilied`r Witli sand"andV gravel, is theAV best protection against ersive action, as ithas the that this'I invention' particularly relates.

The principaly forces causing erosion onA a shore line are vcontributed to by the air and by thev water"itself,' and the two movements Vset up by the air are wave action and vlittoral currents. With a wind blowing directly at right angles to the shore,denudation of the beach takes place, as there is a surface drift shorewardV and an undertow lakeward`,which, assisted by the factthat the Waves stir up sediment, is able to conveymaterial from the shore out to deeper Water.

The'most common condition is when the wind 40 is blowing at an oblique angle to the shore, and

when this is the case the sand and other parti-V` cle's held insuspension in the water are caused to travel along the shoreline. With this fact in mind, it maybe seen that the particles can be accumulated by the construction of an obstacle across their path, that is, bythe construction of a jetty or groin extending into the water at right angles v-to the bank. The-formation of a suitable typefofprotective breachby thisfmethod, however,

offgroi'n, as it i'sfound that while deposits may form lori the' stormv side oifthe'jett'y, they will tend tocon'centrateto providev- Va'relatively steep slope? adjacent the .jetty onthisside, and on the Nece'ss'arily, l

- ability to roba storm of its destructivepower, and it is to the formationof abeach of this type K0 cannot be accorriplishedy with the ordinary type 16e sidestbecucablescauriagl-wii11take placed It is' aiso fo'u'n'd that' with 'most typesv or jette-s, scouring will take place at the outer end `of the jetty due to theaccelerated'velocity ofthe littoral currents around said end.

It is, therefore', onfoftne objects of the presr5' entinvention to provide an improved ljetty which results in the formation of a long, gradually sloping beach on both sides of the jetty, and A'irij the; elimination of scouring action at the outerend.

Other objects ofthe inventionv are to provide a yl0 i jetty which greatly accelerates the deposit of beach building material, which nullies the wave action 'l and reduces the energy of littoralcurrents, and Whichbauses the deposit of a greater percentage of ne sand. y v l5 A further'object ofthe invention is to provide y a jetty adapted to producea beach which is ad? Vantag'eous; not only in thatit protects the `shore line, but also in that it renders the shoreunusually suitable for bathing purposes. 0

oceanfwork, the vpresent invention contemplates 30l improvements which result in greaterpermeabil ity and which" materially facilitateinstallation.-V

It is' a' particular objectoi'- tl.1e-'presert inventionA to provide a jetty "composedof 'upright r'ner'ribei's and horizontal members wherein7 thehorizontal 35 members so'cooperate" wthcertain ofthe upright members asto eliminate' the" necessity of employing additional securing mean'sto maintainl the horizontal vmembers in position.`

A more specific object of the invention ris "to 40" provide a jetty as above described wherei'nthe horizontal members are' formed with loops throughiwhich the upright members are adapted to extend in order to' anchorthe horizontal mem bers-in position. 45. zV 4 A further specicobject of'the invention istof provide 'a structures above" described' wherein the` 'loops are i preferably formed in intermediate portions 'of the horizontal members for coopera'i" tion with'ce'rtain of 'the 11p-rights andwherein the' end's ofl'saidf horizfont'al members cooperate'in" a differentway with'v other" uprights.l

Other objects of the invention are as frollwfsr" toI provide a'jetty wherein the'upri'gl'it members mayt-prviaed with lugs to afford permeability;

to provide a jetty wherein the necessity of Vernploying waling is eliminated; to provide a structure which is sufficiently substantial to withstand the forces of the ocean; to provide a jetty formed of elements which may be cast from concrete wherein a.V minimum number of molds is necessary; and to provide a construction which is suciently exible in its possibilities to meet Various requirements.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists of the improved jetty and all its parts and combinations as set forth in the claims and all equivalents thereof. Y

In the accompanying drawing illustrating preferred forms of the invention in which thersame, j

reference numerals designate the same parts in all of the views: Y

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the improved jetty as installed; w

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary enlarged elevational view of the jetty, certain of the uprights being shown in longitudinal section;

Fig. 3 is a sectional View taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. /iis a plan viewfof one of the horizontal y members alone; Y

Fig. 5 isa side view ofrone of the horizontal members;

Fig. G is a fragmentary side view of a horizontal member showing a lug of less height; and Y Fig. 7 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a modied form of jetty.

Referring more particularly to the drawing, the numeral 8 designates a hillside'bordering an ocean or other body of water, and the numeral 9 designates an artiiicial barrier such as a retaining wall paralleling the hillside. The numeral I designates a sand beach, and the numeral II the water level. Y Y

The jetty Vis preferably formed ofY a plurality of Portlandcement elements which have been cast in Vsuitable molds. Other materials such as creosoted yellow Vpine may, however, be employed.

rllhe main upright members or piles designated by the numeral I2 are preferably I-shaped in cross section as indicated in Fig. 3 to provide a channel-shaped recess I3 on each side. The webbing I 4 of each Ypile preferably terminates short ofthe top of the pile as at I5, and Vit is preferred to provide sills I6 in the channels I3 as shown in Fig. 2.

Other uprightmembers I1 are preferably substantially square in cross section and somewhat ever, being preferred. In addition the aperture Y 2l] may be of any shape to properly cooperate with the shape of the upright member I1 which is used. TheV `horizontal members I8 are also provided with upwardly extending integral lugs 2l, which lugs are positioned on'eachside of the aperture2. fg

For mostwork it is desirable to have'a number ofhorizontal members I8' which are of Y 2,099,249 Y Y double 1engtn asindicated in Figs. 4 and 5. That .right members Il, suitably spaced with respect to theV apertures of the horizontal members to be used, are driven into position as shown in Fig. l. VOne of the double length horizontal members I8 'shown'in Fig. Vl is then dropped into position Vwith the Vupright members I'I extending through the apertures 20. The ends Yof the horizontal members are slid downwardly in the channels I3 of the upright members I2 until said ends strike the sills I6. Then other horizontal members are assembled in superimposed position with respectv to oneanotherV to build up a wall structure of desired height. .It is preferred to lay the first two horizontal members back to back asA indicated in Fig. l so as to provide somewhat less permeability near the bottom of the jetty. The I other horizontal members, however, are all preferably supported on the upwardly extending lugs VVupper ends Vof the Vwebbing I5, doubleY length horizontal members may again be employed. As the jetty progresses outwardly into the water it is preferred that the rows of horizontal `members be-stepped downwardly as at 22, 23 and 24,

to provide aY jetty of outwardly decreasing height.

i5 ofless size, then horizontal members havingV shorter lugs 2l as shown in Fig. 6 may be used, or if it is desired to increase the size of the apertures, the horizontal members may be made with lugs which are of greater length than the lugs 2 I.

vAfte: the jetty is completed, it is preferred to rutilize boltsY 25 to tie the spaced upper ends of the upright members I2 together.

'.It is to be noted that in order to provide firm foundation for the structure, that the uprights i2 are driven intothe sand Va distance approximately equal to the length of theportion projecting above the sand.

As a'result of this structure it will be seen that water can-pass through the sides of the jetty by way of the openings 275 between lugs, but that its passage is retarded by both the upright members and by the horizontal members and lugs. By referring to Figure l it will be-seen that the major portion of the length of the rowsof horizontal members pro-jects above the water line, butthat the outer end is submerged. This is for thepurpose of allowing theshore currentsto pass at reduced speeds Vthrough and over the submerged end to cause the retardation of currents passing inwardly or outwardlyr along the sides to prevent scouring at said ends and along said sides.

It has been found that the character of the beach may be still further improved by utilizing more than one jetty, the jetties being laid'in parallel relationship to one another and spaced apart a substantial distance.

Due to the permeable nature of the wall, the water can flow through the spaces 25 so that there is no tendency for the currents to move in a direction parallel to the jetty and travel around the outer end with accelerated velocity such as is the case with a jetty of the impermeable type. Thus scouring at the outer end is eliminated. Furthermore, due to the fact that the currents are slowed `down in a uniform manner by the permeable jetty and can trickle there-through,

an even deposit of fine material is encouraged onV y wardly toward the shore on the other side of the jetty and cause scouring on the lee side.

In Figure 7 a modied formof jetty is'illustrated, said jetty being more particularly adapted for lake work as distinguished fromA ocean work. This jetty comprises upright members 26and otherV upright members 21, they up-per ends of which are joined by a deck 28, the deck being suitably tied to the upper 'ends of the uprights by rods 29 or the like. Horizontal members 30 which may be identical to the horizontal members I8 of the principal form of the invention and which are similarly formed with apertures corresponding in shape to the shape of the uprights 21, are held in position by said upright members 21 which extend through the apertures. The ends of the horizontal members preferably terminate short of the upright members 26. Due to the fact that the upright members 21 are square in cross section and extend through square apertures, the horizontal members are xed against turning movement notwithstanding the lfact that the ends are free. If desired, the lowermost horizontal member may be of increased thickness as at 3B.

- While in both forms of the invention the horizontal members have been shown as formed with lugs 2l, nevertheless, for certain forms of work it may be desirable to have less permeability or no permeability at all. In this case the horizontal members may be formed without lugs to provide a substantially solid wall, and the present invention contemplates the use of horizontal members either with or without lugs as long as other features of the invention are employed, such as the cooperation of the upright members with loops or apertures in the horizontal members. Various other changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, andY all of such changes are contemplated as may come within the scope of the claims.

rstraight sides tting suiiiciently close to one another to prevent turning movement of the horizontal members.

2. A jetty comprising an elongated wall extending outwardly at an angle to the shore, said wall comprising spaced upright members and superimposed horizontal members, said horizontal members being formed with apertures, and at least some of the upright members being of a size to extend through said apertures so that v the horizontal members may be dropped into assembled position over said uprights, and lugs on said horizontal members for vertically spacing the horizontal members from-one another.

3. A jetty comprising an elongated wall extending outwardly at an angle to the shore, said wall comprising spaced upright members, horizontal members laid in superimposed position between said upright members and having registering interior apertures formed with at least one straight side, and other upright members between said rst upright members and extending through the apertures of said horizontalmembers said other upright members being of .the

VIl() same cross-sectional shape as said apertures and of a cross-sectional size nearly as great to serve as guides for and to anchor said horizontal members in position and against turning movement.

4. A jetty comprising an elongated wall extending outwardly at an angle to the shore, said wall comprising spaced upright members, horizontal `members laid in superimposed position between said upright members and having registering aperatures, and other upright members between said rst upright members and extending through the apertures of said horizontal members, said first upright members being I-shaped in cross section to provide vchannels for slidably receiving the ends of the horizontal members, there being sills in said channels for supporting the ends of the lowermost horizontal members.

5. A jetty comprising an elongated wall extending outwardly at an angle to theshore, said wall comprising spaced upright members, horizontal members laid in superimposed position between said upright members and having regis-V tering apertures, and other upright members between said rst upright members and extending through the apertures of said horizontal members, and lugs on said horizontal members for vertically spacing the horizontal members from one another.

SYDNEY M. WOOD.

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