US20100178109A1

US20100178109A1 - Self-adjusting wave break

Info

Publication number: US20100178109A1
Application number: US12/457,188
Authority: US
Inventors: Dave David Matthew Wilson
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2009-01-09
Filing date: 2009-06-03
Publication date: 2010-07-15
Also published as: CA2668236A1

Abstract

The wave break has an elongated shape and three wave-breaking surfaces mounted thereon and forming an elongated triangular configuration. The wave break has a lazy side on its forward edge, such that the force of the wave tilts it about the forward edge to increase a projection of its wave-breaking surfaces against the incoming wave. Because of the lazy forward side of the wave break, the leading stringer dive into each wave without deviating substantially from a horizontal plane. The trailing side of the wave break is subject to the lifting forces of each wave and therefore, the trailing side tilts upward and downward in use. The trailing side tilts upward and downward about the leading stringer to rotate the wave-breaking barriers into a more or less perpendicular alignment relative to the wave movement, for breaking the wave more effectively.

Description

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/193,930 filed Jan. 9, 2009.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention pertains to floating breakwaters or break walls installed along harbours to protect vessels moored in these harbours, and most particularly, it pertains to self-adjusting wave breaks that automatically expose a larger wave-breaking surface when floating in larger waves. These break walls are also installed to prevent soil erosion along shore lines.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The efficiency of a breakwater depends on its ability to break up and scatter waves without being lifted by these waves. This efficacy is difficult to achieve with a floating breakwater having a slack mooring line, in particular, because upward forces from the breakwater's buoyancy tend to push the breakwater at the surface of the wave.
In the past, at least two attempts have been made to design a floating wave break that is intended to plunge through a wave to cut through and to disperse the crest of the wave. These prior art wave breaks have no similarities with the wave break according to the present invention, but the prior art documents describing these older breakwaters are nonetheless cited herein below simply to illustrate the environment in which the present invention will be described.
U.S. Pat. No. 335,032 issued to L. W. Leeds on Jan. 26, 1886 discloses different wave breaks, each having a floating structure and a wedge-like horizontal plow-bar, referred to as a cut-water, projecting forward from the floating structure. The cut-water bar penetrates the waves along a horizontal plane to break the force of the waves before they reach the floating structure.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,952,521 issued to J. M. Potter on Apr. 27, 1976 discloses an elongated triangular structure supported on two tubular floats. The floats have airfoil-like fins on their sides to cause the floats to dig into the forward side of a wave and to retain the wave break against the lifting forces of the wave so that the wave break can pass through the crest of the wave.
Although the devices of the prior art deserve undeniable merits, there is a need for a more efficient floating wave break which can be easily moved and anchored with slack mooring lines.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the present invention, there is provided a wave break that has an elongated shape and three wave-breaking surfaces mounted thereon to form an elongated triangular configuration. The wave break has a lazy side on its forward edge, such that the force of the wave tilts it about the forward edge to increase a projection of its wave breaking surfaces against the incoming wave.
More specifically, in one aspect of the present invention there is provided a wave break that has an elongated structure with a triangular cross-section. The triangular cross-section has the shape of a right-angle triangle with a right-angle side and an acute-angle side. The right angle shape is defined by three elongated stringers from which a leading stringer is at the acute-angle side.
The elongated structure also has three wave barrier surfaces extending there along. Each of these wave barrier surfaces is made of a plurality of pipe members spaced apart from each other and extending at right angle between two of the afore-mentioned stringers.
Each of the stringers on the right-angled side, and each pipe member has a sealed hollow configuration forming a floating vessel. The leading stringer has added weight therein or open ends such that a buoyancy thereof is substantially nil. The wave break also has a mooring line attached to the leading stringer.
Because of the lazy forward side of the wave break, the leading stringer dive into each wave without deviating substantially from a horizontal plane. The trailing side of the wave break is subject to the lifting forces of each wave and therefore, the trailing side tilts upward and downward in use. The trailing side tilts upward and downward about the leading stringer to rotate the wave breaking barriers of the wave break into a more or less perpendicular alignment relative to the wave movement, for breaking the wave more effectively.
Also, the wave break according to the present invention is relatively light and easy to transport and to install as compared to other breakwaters available commercially.
This brief summary has been provided so that the nature of the invention may be understood quickly. A more complete understanding of the invention can be obtained by reference to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment thereof in connection with the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals denote like parts throughout the several views, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a breakwater made with self-adjusting wave break segments according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, joined end-to-end;

FIG. 2 is an end view of a preferred wave break segment floating along the hollow of a wave or on calm waters;

FIG. 3 is an end view of the preferred wave break segment floating through a wave;

FIG. 4 is a reference illustration showing the period and amplitude of a wave;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged end view of the preferred wave break segment illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3;

FIG. 6 is a cross section view of one pipe member in the preferred wave break segment as seen along line 6-6 in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a partial oblique view of the wave break segment as seen along line 7-7 in FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a cross-section plan view of the preferred wave break segment as seen along line 8-8 in FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the end of a wave break showing optional structural variations that are within the scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The expression “wave break” is used by seamen to describe a wave breaking structure protecting a harbour, and therefore it is also used herein for convenience to describe the wave break structure according to the present invention.
Referring firstly to FIG. 1, the preferred wave break 20 consists mainly of an elongated openwork structure having a triangular cross-section. The openwork structure is made of hollow pipes. The hollow pipes are preferably made of plastic, but can also be made of metal tubes having a relatively thin wall. The preferred wave break 20 has a transportable length and is referred to herein interchangeably as a wave break or a wave break segment. These segments are joined to each other, at joints 22, to form breakwaters 24 having lengths of 20 feet or more, for example.
These breakwaters 24 are anchored to the seabed by slack mooring cables 26 or chains. The expression “slack mooring cables or chains” is used here to describe a mooring system that allows the wave break 20 to rise and fall with the tides. It will be appreciated that the tension of the mooring lines can be adjusted to retain the leading stringer within a desired vertical displacement, according to wave heights and tides at the installation site.
These breakwaters 24 are installed in straight lines, or most preferably, these breakwaters are installed to form an arc having a convex side facing the incoming waves, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the preferred wave break 20 is made of three open planar frameworks connected to each other by three parallel longitudinal stringers, in a right-angle triangular configuration. In use, the acute-angle side of the wave break 20 faces against the movement 28 of the waves as illustrated.
The stringer on the leading edge of the wave break 20 is referred to as the leading stringer 30. In use, a mooring line 24 is attached to the leading stringer 30.
The-stringer on the trailing edge is referred to as the trailing stringer 32, and the stringer on the upper edge is referred to as the upper stringer 34. The open framework extending between the leading stringer 30 and the upper stringer 34 is referred to as the first barrier surface 40. The open framework lying between the upper stringer 34 and the trailing stringer 32 is referred to as the second barrier surface 42, and the open framework lying between the leading stringer 30 and the trailing stringer 32 is referred to as the third barrier surface 44.
The preferred wave break 20 is made of cylindrical pipe members that are sealed at ends and at all joints so that they constitute hollow floating structures. The leading stringer 30 is weighted down with concrete 46 or other heavy material so that the wave break 20 tilts forward in calm water. The leading stringer 30 is weighted down or its ends are left open, so that its buoyancy is substantially nil and so that it remains submerged below the water surface, as illustrated in FIG. 2 in calm waters. Using seamen language, the preferred wave break 20 has a lazy forward side, which does not react or that is slow to react to buoyant forces.
It should be understood that the weighing of the leading stringer 30 can also be done partially or entirely by using heavy mooring chains 24 instead of cables.
Because of the structural features of the preferred wave break 20, the leading stringer 30 plunges into the waves 60 in rough waters, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The buoyancy forces on the third barrier surface 44 and on the trailing stringer 32 causes the wave break 20 to tilt forward when traversing a wave 60, thereby reducing the angle ‘A’ as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. It will be appreciated that the reduction of the angle ‘A’ is in direct relationship with the height of the waves 60, because it varies directly with the portion of the wave break 20 that is submerged when a wave pass through the wave break 20.
The variation in the angle ‘A’ is due to a rotation of the wave break 20 about the leading stringer 30 in a direction ‘B’. A rotation of the wave break 20 in the direction ‘B’ causes the leading stringer 30 to dive through an incoming wave 60 and causes the first barrier surface 40 to move toward a perpendicular alignment relative to the movement of the wave 60. Similarly, the tilting of the wave break 20 in the direction ‘B’ causes the second and third barrier surfaces 42, 44 to form converging fence-like surfaces across the movement of the wave 60, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
As it can be understood, all three barrier surfaces 40, 42 and 44 cooperate together to break up the waves 60 in two cascading steps. A first step consists of passing the wave through a quasi-vertical barrier to change the direction of the flow a first time, and the second step consists of passing the waves through the converging fence-like surfaces, for changing the direction of the wave a second and third times.
After the passage of a wave 60 through the wave break 20, the wave break 20 returns back to its initial attitude as illustrated in FIG. 2. The buoyancy forces on the preferred wave break 20 cause the wave break 20 to tilt back and forth and to self-adjust to the height of the wave entering into its barrier surfaces 40, 42 and 44.
In high waves, the first barrier surface 40 rotates toward a vertical alignment, thereby presenting a maximum degree of resistance to the incoming wave 60. Because of the triangular cross-section of the wave break 20, the buoyancy forces on the second and third barrier surfaces 42, 44 generate a torque about the leading stringer 30, to force the first barrier surface 40 to move toward a vertical alignment. This torque increases with the degree of immersion of the wave break 20. Similarly, this torque causes the second and third barrier surfaces 42, 44 to move toward a funnel-like alignment where both surfaces converge together and contribute substantially equally to the breaking-up of the wave 60.
The expression “self-adjusting” in the description of the present invention comes from the fact that the wave break 20 tilts back and forth about the leading stringer 30, to increase or to decrease the aggressiveness with which the wave-breaking surfaces thereof are oriented in response to the height of a wave being penetrated.
Referring now to FIGS. 4-9, additional structural details of the preferred wave break 20 will be described.
In a preferred embodiment, each barrier surfaces 40, 42, 44 is made of spaced-apart parallel pipe members each having a same diameter as the longitudinal stringers 30, 32, 34. The pipe members forming the first surface barrier 40 are labelled as pipe members 70. The pipe members labelled as 72 form the second surface barrier 42, and the pipe members labelled as 74 form the third surface barrier 44.
The preferred length of the pipe members 74 forming the third surface barrier 44 or the base of the wave break 20 is preferably one quarter (¼) of the period ‘P’ of typical waves found at the location where the wave break 20 will be installed. The length of the pipe members 72 forming the second surface barrier 42 or the height of the wave break 20 is preferably the same dimension as a typical wave height ‘H’ found at the location where the wave break will be installed.
Typical dimensions for the length of the pipe members 72, 74 and 70 are six, eight and ten feet respectively, and the diameter of each pipe member is about twelve to sixteen inches. The dimensions of the pipe members in the preferred wave break 20 are adjusted according to the severity of the conditions where the wave break will be installed. These dimensions are adjusted according to factors such a wave height, wave period, water current and the length of the breakwater 24 to be formed.
Each of the barrier pipe members 70, 72 and 74 has fins 76 on its sides as illustrated in FIG. 6. The purpose of these fins in the first barrier surface 40 is to deflect water sideways and against one of the pipe members 72, 74 in the second and third barrier surfaces 42, 44. The purpose of the fins 76 on the pipe members 72, 74 is to deflect water sideways and create turbulence behind the wave break 20 to further break up the waves 60 after these waves have passed through the wave break 20.
The preferred spacing ‘S’ of pipe members 70, 72 or 74 along a same barrier surface 40, 42 or 44 is about at least twice as much as the outside diameter of one pipe member. The preferred spacing of pipe members in one barrier surface from the pipe members in an adjacent barrier surface is about the same as the diameter of one pipe member, such that the pipe members in one surface barrier is offset the distance of one pipe member from the pipe members in an adjacent barrier surface.
The width of the fins 76 on each of the pipe members 70, 72, and 74, is equal to or less than the radius on one pipe member, such that the effective width ‘W’ of each pipe member, as shown in FIG. 6, is about twice or slightly less than twice the diameter of one pipe member. The effective width ‘W’ of each pipe member is also determined taking into account the water current present at the location where the wave break 20 will be installed. The effective width ‘W’ is selected so that the drag created on the wave break 20 by the water current does not prevent an effective tilting of the wave break 20 as described herein.
Similarly, the inclination ‘C’ of the fins 76 can vary from 0° to 60° and this angle is also determined according to the severity of the conditions at the installation site.
Referring now to FIG. 9, this illustration will be used to explain two structural variations which should be considered to be withing the scope of the present invention. As mentioned before, the stringers 32 and 34 on the right-angle side of the wave break 20 have closed ends so that they act as floating vessels. In order to further increase the buoyancy of the wave break 20, and to further promote a rotation of the wave break 20 about the leading stringer 30, the trailing stringer may have a larger diameter than the other stringers, as illustrated by label 32′ in FIG. 9. Also, as mentioned before, the leading stringer 30 may have open ends as indicated by label 30′, so that its buoyancy is substantially nil.
The dotted lines in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 indicate a repetition of the pipe member arrangements over the full length of a wave break segment 20.

Claims

1. A wave break having an elongated structure and a triangular cross section; said triangular cross-section having a right-angle triangular shape comprising a right-angle side and an acute-angle side;

said right angle triangular shape being defined by three stringers comprising a leading stringer at said acute-angle side;

said elongated structure also having three barrier surfaces extending there along and each of said barrier surfaces comprising a plurality of pipe members spaced apart from each other and extending at right angle between two of said stringers;

each of said stringers and pipe members having a sealed hollow configuration and forming a floating vessel;

said leading stringer having substantially no buoyancy.

2. The wave break as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tree stringers comprising a trailing stringer and an upper stringer, along said right angle side of said right-angle triangular shape, and said three barrier surfaces comprising a first barrier surface extending between said leading stringers and said upper stringer; a second barrier surface extending between said leading stringer and said trailing stringer; and a third barrier surface extending between said trailing stringer and said upper stringer.

3. The wave break as claimed in claim 2, wherein said trailing stringer; said upper stringer; said first barrier; said second barrier and said third barrier are made of hollow pipes that are sealed at ends.

4. The waver break as claimed in claim 3, wherein said trailing stringer; said upper stringer; said first barrier; said second barrier and said third barrier are made of hollow pipes that have a same diameter.

5. The wave break as claimed in claim 4, wherein said hollow pipes in said first barrier surface; said second barrier surface and said third barrier surface have fins on the sides thereof.

6. The wave break as claimed in claim 5, wherein said pipes in each of said first barrier surface; said second barrier surface and said third barrier surface, are paced apart a distance equivalent to twice one diameter of said pipe.

7. The wave break as claimed in claim 6, wherein said pipes in one of said first barrier surface; said second barrier surface and said third barrier surface, are spaced apart one diameter respectively from said pipes in another one of said first barrier surface; said second barrier surface and said third barrier surface.

8. The wave break as claimed in claim 5, wherein said fins have a width corresponding to one radius of said pipe.

9. The wave break as claimed in claim 8, wherein said fins are inclined an angle between 0° and 60° from a respective barrier surface.

10. The wave break as claimed in claim 3, wherein said trailing stringer has a larger diameter than said leading stringer.

11. A wave break installed at an installation site, said wave break having an elongated structure and a triangular cross section; said triangular cross-section having a right-angle triangular shape comprising a right-angle side and an acute-angle side, and a mooring line attached thereto;

said leading stringer having substantially no buoyancy;

said mooring line being attached to said leading stringer; and

said elongated structure forming an arc having a convex side facing incoming wave at said installation site.

12. The wave break as claimed in claim 11, wherein said acute-angle side facing said incoming wave at said installation site.

13. The wave break as claimed in claim 12, wherein said tree stringers comprising a trailing stringer and an upper stringer, along said right angle side of said right-angle triangular shape, and said three barrier surfaces comprising a first barrier surface extending between said leading stringers and said upper stringer; a second barrier surface extending between said leading stringer and said trailing stringer; and a third barrier surface extending between said trailing stringer and said upper stringer; and said pipe members in said third barrier surface have a length of one quarter of a period in typical waves found at said installation site.

14. The wave break as claimed in claim 13, wherein said pipe members in said second barrier surface have a length equivalent to a height of typical waves found at said installation site.

15. The wave break as claimed in claim 14, wherein said leading stringer and said upper stringer have a same diameter and said trailing stringer has a larger diameter than said same diameter.

16. The wave break as claimed in claim 15, wherein said same diameter is 12 to 16 inches.

17. The wave break as claimed in claim 15, wherein said elongated structure is made of joined segments each having a length of 20 feet.

18. The wave break as claimed in claim 17 further having a mooring line attached to said leading stringer.

19. The wave break as claimed in claim 18, wherein said mooring line is a slack mooring cable.

20. The wave break as claimed in claim 18, wherein said mooring line comprises a heavy mooring chain causing said leading stringer to sink relative to said trailing stringer.