US20050013984A1 - Plastic-based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing same - Google Patents
Plastic-based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050013984A1 US20050013984A1 US10/861,112 US86111204A US2005013984A1 US 20050013984 A1 US20050013984 A1 US 20050013984A1 US 86111204 A US86111204 A US 86111204A US 2005013984 A1 US2005013984 A1 US 2005013984A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- product
- particles
- plastic
- wood
- fibres
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/28—Moulding or pressing characterised by using extrusion presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/255—Flow control means, e.g. valves
- B29C48/2556—Flow control means, e.g. valves provided in or in the proximity of dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/695—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
- B29C48/70—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
- B29C48/705—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows in the die zone, e.g. to create flow homogeneity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/26—Non-fibrous reinforcements only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/58—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres
- B29C70/60—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres comprising a combination of distinct filler types incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-filled layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/16—Solid spheres
- C08K7/18—Solid spheres inorganic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/9258—Velocity
- B29C2948/926—Flow or feed rate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/92904—Die; Nozzle zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
- B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
- B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2009/00—Layered products
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
- Y10T428/24066—Wood grain
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
- Y10T428/24074—Strand or strand-portions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
- Y10T428/24074—Strand or strand-portions
- Y10T428/24083—Nonlinear strands or strand-portions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
- Y10T428/24124—Fibers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24132—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in different layers or components parallel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
- Y10T428/249942—Fibers are aligned substantially parallel
- Y10T428/249947—Polymeric fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
- Y10T428/249949—Two or more chemically different fibers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/251—Mica
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/253—Cellulosic [e.g., wood, paper, cork, rayon, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/254—Polymeric or resinous material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plastic-based composite product which consists at least partially of a plastic in which a material consisting substantially of particles is homogeneously embedded, which particles have tensile strength in at least one principal direction.
- Such properties can relate for instance to mechanical properties, fire resistance, weather resistance, non-ageing properties and the like.
- the invention provides a product of the stated type which has the special feature that the particles comprise:
- a specific embodiment has the characteristic that the large particles comprise plates and the particle principal direction extends in the main plane thereof.
- the embodiment is recommended wherein the plates have an at least more or less isotropic tensile strength in their main plane.
- the particles can also possess a generally elongate form, whereby they may be designated as fibres.
- a specific and very advantageous variant has the feature that the particles consist predominantly of wood material and the plastic is a thermoplastic polymer material, in particular at least one polyolefin or one polymer on a basis of styrene, wherein
- the invention herewith provides a product which in the manner to be described hereinbelow can be manufactured on a basis of wood without waste and, if desired, as a continuous process, which product not only possesses mechanical and physical/chemical properties corresponding with wood but which product can be manufactured on the basis of basic wood which can if desired be inferior and can be classified as interior wood, exterior wood or construction wood.
- This product according to the invention will hereinafter be designated as technical wood.
- the invention provides the possibility of applying the obtained product at locations where tropical hardwood is still indicated.
- particles with tensile strength such as wood particles, preferably originating from waste wood or wood waste, optionally together with suitable strengthening particles are predominately oriented and bound by means of a thermoplastic polymer, preferably on a basis of olefins or styrene, wherein the proportion of applied particles is extreme relative to the binder polymer such that there is no question of this being a fibre-filled thermoplastic material but an exceptionally wood-like material which, can be processed in a manner usual for an expert.
- the method can be performed continuously and comprises the stages of compressing, compounding, fibre-orienting and shaping, wherein the following requirements must be fulfilled.
- the method according to the invention involves a shaping process under continuous significant overpressure, wherein the material does not flow but is pushed forward as a plastic plug through orientation, shaping and consolidation phase.
- Additives can moreover be added during the compounding phase, whereby properties are given to the technical wood which surpass those of natural wood, particularly when fast-growers such as firs, pines, birches and poplars are used as starting point.
- the method as continuous process will be designated as cognitive processing and the apparatus in which the method is performed will be designated cognitive processing.
- the function of the compounder is to encapsulate particles, in particular wood fibres, in the liquid thermoplastic. This must take place such that the wood fibre is completely enclosed with polymer, however, without the fibres effectively being shortened herein through breaking in the length.
- the wood fibres may however split longitudinally. This situation is achieved by the polymer melt wetting the fibres. Due to the relatively strong adhesion properties of the melt in relation to the fibres the latter are carried along and dispersed homogeneously further on in the melt phase.
- Adapting the screw geometry prevents too intensive a kneading action being applied to the mixture, as is usually the case with, for instance, the Banbury mixer or a standard compounder.
- a conscious choice has been made for a long compounding path instead of a short sharp one, wherein the wood particles are handled carefully while a homogeneous dispersion nevertheless occurs.
- the wood particles are preferably introduced under compression and compacted to prevent excess air inclusion which could affect the quality of the end product.
- the adhesion between wood particles and polymer melt is so great and adheres such that optional further additions can be made to the mixture without breaking the adhesion between polymer and wood particles.
- Optional reinforcing fibres on a basis of cellulose, such as flax, hemp or mlneral fibres or glass, (mica) plates or the like can be carried along in the above path.
- the pressure on the mixture for the purpose of the shaping phase is not provided, as is usual, by the principle of the extruding action of the screw but by a rotating displacement pump interposed for this purpose.
- the pressure required to press the mixture through the distribution head (to be described below), the orienting means and the mould head/calibrating device is produced by a displacement pump, preferably a screw pump of a gear pump, for example Maag, Expac type Extrrex 56/56 or Witte type ESTHF 92.6LKK.
- a displacement pump preferably a screw pump of a gear pump, for example Maag, Expac type Extrrex 56/56 or Witte type ESTHF 92.6LKK.
- High pressures can be realized without any significant effect on particle shape and dimensions.
- large shearing forces are practically absent, the desired pressure increase can be realized without excessive thermal load and degradation of the mixture.
- the distribution head is a necessary “interface” between rotating displacement pump and orienting means.
- the laminar flow pattern from the rotating displacement pump must be converted to a plug flow.
- the particle orienting means must be supplied with a constant flow of mixture which in quantity and speed is distributed equally over the flow surface of the orienting means, this in order to prevent blockage and turbulence as result of speed differences after each phase of the particle orientation.
- the distribution head thus initiates the required placidity within the flow profile,
- the plug flow can be optimalized:
- the form of the distribution head depends partly or wholly on the desired product.
- the orienting means consist of a plurality of plates connected in series with slits (in the case of plates) or (cylindrical) holes (in the case of fibres) in the flow direction.
- the total through-flow surface per plate is mutually equal.
- the diameter of the holes decreases over the plates connected in series. The diameter and the decrease thereof over the plates depends on the particle dimensions and the desired degree of orientation. When short fibres with a length of 2 mm and an L/D ratio of 4 are guided through a hole of 2.5 mm, little or no orientation will occur.
- the number of plates depends on the degree of uniformity in the fibre length, the LLD ratios thereof and the desired degree of orientation.
- the length of the slits or cylindrical hole is preferably at least equal to the maximum linear particle dimension.
- Transition plates between the hole plates with different diameters have of course the same through-flow surface as the hole plates.
- mould head and calibrating device are necessary.
- mould head and calibrating device are constructed integrally in the cognhtrusion process, since the pushtrudate may not be pulled or have pressure exerted thereon in lengthwise direction.
- An essential condition for obtaining technical wood is that after shaping the mixture is cooled under pressure to below the Vicat softening temperature of the binder thermoplastic. This consolidation process is necessary to prevent delamination and matrix failure.
- the system pressure is derived from the flow resistance between mixture and mould head/calibration.
- the first part hereof is covered with a coating which substantially reduces the surface resistance to a value wherein no delamination and matrix failure occurs.
- the outer part of the product meanwhile cooled to below the Vicat softening temperature in the calibration provides matrix support of that part of the product, the material core, still lying below the Vicat softening temperature.
- the process parameters can be sub-divided as follows:
- variable parameters can be further sub-divided into two categories:
- the method is performed in a cognitive computing system as described above with a capacity of 200 kg per hour.
- composition of the mixture is as follows:
- a product can in principle be manufactured in any suitable manner, starting from pre-compounded material or semi-manufacture, for instance by (isostatic) pressing, injection moulding, extruding, VIPhtruding.
- a specific embodiment has the feature that the product consists substantially of a laminate comprising a plastic-based composite layer according to the above stated specifications; a first skin layer adhered thereto on one side and possessing chosen properties; optionally a second skin layer adhered thereto on the other side and possessing chosen properties; and which layers are mutually adhered by for instance gluing, welding, mirror-welding, with an infrared laser, with hot air or other suitable treatment.
- Another embodiment is characterized by at least one additive for obtaining desired properties, which additive is added to the process flow at a suitable position in the cognitive system during manufacture of the product.
- the said chosen properties of the skin layers may relate for instance to the adherability of paint, lacquer and glue.
- a variant of this latter embodiment has the feature that the skin layer or at least one of the skin layers is of the type according to the invention and the long particle orientation thereof has a chosen direction relative to this orientation of the first mentioned plastic layer.
- Specific mechanical properties can hereby be achieved. These can be based for instance on the Stringer effect.
- the product according to the invention lends itself very well for manufacture by means of a process which can best be described as cognitive in this respect the invention likewise provides a cognitive hoin apparatus for manufacturing a product of the above specified type, which apparatus comprises: a compounder operating at low pressure for plasticizing a mixture consisting substantially of plastic and particles with tensile strength, which particles are mixed with the plastic either beforehand or in the compounder, and pressing the plastic mixture to the outside via an outlet;
- FIG. 1 shows a highly schematic, partly broken away perspective side view of a cognitive system with which a product according to the invention can be manufactured;
- FIG. 2 shows a highly schematic side view of an apparatus with which another product according to the invention can be manufactured
- FIG. 3 is a cut away perspective view corresponding with FIG. 1 of a variant.
- FIG. 4 is a cut away perspective view on enlarged scale of a part of the apparatus according to FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 1 shows a cognitivehtruder 1 .
- This comprises a compounder 2 , a rotating displacement pump 3 , a distribution head 4 , a particle orienting member 42 and a mould head/calibrating unit 43 .
- the distribution head 4 and the orienting head 5 comprise continuous channels through which can pass the plasticized plastic, in which fibres with tensile strength are incorporated.
- the long fibres have a length predominantly in the range of 2-6 mm.
- the continuous channels comprise in the distribution head 4 and the orienting head 5 sub-channels having an effective diameter of for instance in the order of 6-8 mm, taking account of the wish to choose the diameter size of the said channels such that the orientation of the short fibres in not affected. It will be apparent that for other fibre lengths the said passages can be adapted correspondingly.
- the product 7 consists substantially of the solidified composite mass in which the long fibres extend generally at least roughly in longitudinal direction 6 .
- FIG. 2 shows an alternative.
- Two cognitive hotruders 8 , 9 deliver products 10 , 11 respectively in the direction of the pinch between two rollers 12 , 13 .
- a plastic-impregnated fibre mat 15 comprising for instance glass or aramide fibres, is introduced between the plate-like products 10 , 11 by transport rollers 16 , 17 .
- a laminate 18 is thus formed by heating and by the force exerted by rollers 12 , 13 .
- the fibres in the fibre mat 15 extend substantially in the longitudinal direction 6 .
- At least one of the products 10 , 11 displays a desired porosity in order to ensure properties corresponding with wood.
- a product can be manufactured from a plurality of laminates placed one on top of another and mutually adhered by a thermal treatment and pressure.
- binders can also be added to the basic plastic in order to improve the adhesion between fibres, plastic and other additives.
- the adhesion to the product according to the invention of paints and lacquers on acryl-water basis can hereby also improve.
- colouring agents or pigments in the mass can provide the advantage that a uniform product is obtained.
- an additional coating can be applied to the visual side of the product.
- Such a coating can have an extra-stable colour, an increased UV-resistance or resistance to dirt and weather influences.
- the product according to the invention can have a linear expansion similar to wood and also has a similar strength and stiffness with a comparatively great toughness and excellent cracking strength.
- the product can display fire characteristics which, by making use of environmentally-friendly provisions, must be at least the equal of the fire characteristics of normal wood and which when it burns may not produce any more smoke and harmful substances than normal wood. At a specific weight of 750-1250 kg/m 3 , the process and the required raw materials and additives may not exceed the price of normally processed wood.
- the product according to the invention can if desired display a striking similarity with natural wood or traditionally pressed wood such as MDF or wood fibre board.
- the product according to the invention can be worked with normal tools and normal wood processing machines. In the usual manner of wood it can be nailed, sawn, screwed, glued, painted and lacquered.
- the product according to the invention can possess an excellent resistance to climatological conditions such as moisture, sunlight with ultraviolet component, temperature changes etc.
- the products according to the invention are better suitable for recycling after use than natural wood.
- the products according to the invention are superior to wood in respect of moisture absorption, rotting, swelling and the like.
- FIG. 3 shows a cognitivehtruder 21 which has a structure differing partially from that drawn in FIG. 1 .
- a distribution head 23 connects onto the rotating displacement pump 3 (see also FIG. 4 ).
- This block has a more or less conically tapering inlet space 24 which debouches into a fan of nine channels 25 - 33 .
- FIG. 4 in particular shows clearly the internal structure of the distribution head 23 .
- the effective passage and therewith the flow resistance of channels 25 - 33 can be individually adjusted. An excellent homogeneity of the through-flowing mixture can hereby be ensured.
- the effective through-flow of the channels can be influenced by a selective heating.
- the through-flow of a channel can in any case be improved by reducing the flow resistance. This can be achieved not only by adjusting the passage but also by changing the temperature, whereby the viscosity of the through-flowing mixture changes, at least in the boundary surface, thereby changing the effective through-flow.
- a collection space 35 the plastic mixture allowed through is fed to a bundle 36 of channels which is bounded by plates extending one on top of another in transverse direction.
- channels 37 sufficient heat can be supplied to the through-flowing mixture to keep it in plastic state.
- a second bundle 38 follows the first bundle 36 via an interspace 37 .
- a third bundle 40 follows via an interspace 39 .
- the diameters of the mutually adjacent round channels in bundles 36 , 38 , 40 amount in this embodiment to respectively 14 mm, 8 mm and 6 mm while retaining the same through-flow surface.
- the mass flowing through the more inwardly located channels has a smaller flow resistance than the mass flowing through the more outwardly located channels, since they are longer.
- the more inwardly located channels can have a slightly smaller diameter.
- the mixture with the fibres embedded therein is introduced into the mould head by the rotating displacement pump at a relatively high temperature above the Vicat softening temperature, for instance 180° C., cools during the transport through the mould head and has reached a reduced temperature at the end such that the exiting product has a temperature below the Vicat softening temperature, whereby it is sufficiently cured that it will no longer undergo any substantial change in shape.
Abstract
A plastic-based composite product comprising a plastic mass in which particles are homogeneously embedded, which particles have tensile strength in a first particle direction, the product having a chosen principal product direction, wherein the particles comprise: small particles being elongated plates of fibres and having a random orientation and a length of 0.2-2 mm; and large particles dominantly orientated such that their first particle direction is in the chosen principal product direction, the large particles having a length in the first particle direction of about 2-6 mm.
Description
- The invention relates to a plastic-based composite product which consists at least partially of a plastic in which a material consisting substantially of particles is homogeneously embedded, which particles have tensile strength in at least one principal direction.
- It is an object of the invention to provide a product which can be manufactured at low cost but which nevertheless meets high standards which may be required in respect of diverse properties. Such properties can relate for instance to mechanical properties, fire resistance, weather resistance, non-ageing properties and the like.
- With a view to the above, the invention provides a product of the stated type which has the special feature that the particles comprise:
-
- small particles, in particular plates or fibres with a random orientation and a length of 0.2-2 mm; and
- large particles with a dominant orientation, for instance 80-95%, of the said principal direction of the particles in a chosen product principal direction and a length in the particle principal direction of about 2-6 mm.
- A specific embodiment has the characteristic that the large particles comprise plates and the particle principal direction extends in the main plane thereof.
- In order to easily obtain the desired orientation of the plates the embodiment is recommended wherein the plates have an at least more or less isotropic tensile strength in their main plane.
- Very suitable in this latter context is the variant wherein the plates consist substantially of mica.
- It is noted that according to the invention the particles can also possess a generally elongate form, whereby they may be designated as fibres.
- A specific and very advantageous variant has the feature that the particles consist predominantly of wood material and the plastic is a thermoplastic polymer material, in particular at least one polyolefin or one polymer on a basis of styrene, wherein
-
- a. the transverse dimension of the large wood particles is preferably such that the ratio of the length in the principal direction of the particles to this transverse dimension amounts to a minimum of 4, but preferably lies in the range of 6-80.
- b. the wood particles are present in a quantity of 40-80% by mass, but preferably from 50 to 70% by mass in relation to the mass of product.
- c. the obtained product complies minimally with the following requirements relating to mechanical properties in
- bending strength in the fibre direction: 8 MPa
- bending modulus in the fibre direction: 3 GPa
- tensile strength in the fibre direction: 6 MPa
- tensile stress modulus in fibre direction: 3 GPa
- tensile strength transversely of fibre direction: 0.3 MPa
- tensile stress modulus transversely of fibre direction: 1 GPa.
- The invention herewith provides a product which in the manner to be described hereinbelow can be manufactured on a basis of wood without waste and, if desired, as a continuous process, which product not only possesses mechanical and physical/chemical properties corresponding with wood but which product can be manufactured on the basis of basic wood which can if desired be inferior and can be classified as interior wood, exterior wood or construction wood. This product according to the invention will hereinafter be designated as technical wood.
- The invention provides the possibility of applying the obtained product at locations where tropical hardwood is still indicated.
- For this purpose particles with tensile strength such as wood particles, preferably originating from waste wood or wood waste, optionally together with suitable strengthening particles are predominately oriented and bound by means of a thermoplastic polymer, preferably on a basis of olefins or styrene, wherein the proportion of applied particles is extreme relative to the binder polymer such that there is no question of this being a fibre-filled thermoplastic material but an exceptionally wood-like material which, can be processed in a manner usual for an expert.
- It is important that the method can be performed continuously and comprises the stages of compressing, compounding, fibre-orienting and shaping, wherein the following requirements must be fulfilled.
- 1. the compression stage wherein expulsion of included gases, both inter- and intrafibular, must likewise take place under conditions wherein the fibres remain intact.
- 2. the compounding phase wherein the mixing of components and wetting with polymer melt must take place under conditions wherein fibres sensitive to breakage and splitting remain intact.
- 3. the orienting phase wherein a dominant orientation of long particles in the compressed plastic material must take place under conditions such that the mutual position of the particles in the mix is by and large retained, that is, the orientation proceeds along fluent flow lines, gradually and without such high shear stresses that there would thereby be a danger of thermal degradation.
- 4. the shaping phase wherein the mix acquires its fixed shape and dimensioning on the cross section perpendicularly of the flow direction, likewise under conditions wherein the relative mutual position of the particles remains practically unchanged, for which purpose the material flows under overpressure out of the mould head and remains at pressure in the calibrating unit until the binding polymer phase has cooled to below the Vicat softening temperature.
- There is no extrusion here, since in extrusion the melted mass, after leaving the extrusion head, is relatively pressureless or is at least under a relatively small overpressure such as is necessary to allow an after-flow of the plastic core of the shaped product in the calibrating unit in order to thus enable replenishing of the material deficit resulting from shrinkage. This after-flow must always be avoided because it would be accompanied by delamination and a decrease in cohesion between particles and plastic and the desired properties would consequently not be obtained.
- There is also no question of pulltrusion since tensile forces are therein exerted on the shaped product after and in the final part of the consolidation phase for the purpose of continuous discharge of the shaped product, which otherwise acquires its shape in pressureless manner or under relatively small overpressure from a fusing of thermoplastic and fibre reinforcement.
- The method according to the invention involves a shaping process under continuous significant overpressure, wherein the material does not flow but is pushed forward as a plastic plug through orientation, shaping and consolidation phase.
- This method is therefore designated with the name of pushtrusion.
- The obtained product on the basis of wood particles and plastic, technical wood, is fully recyclable due to the fibre binding by means of a thermoplastic. It will be apparent that recycled polyolefins and styrenes can also be used as fibre binder.
- Additives can moreover be added during the compounding phase, whereby properties are given to the technical wood which surpass those of natural wood, particularly when fast-growers such as firs, pines, birches and poplars are used as starting point.
- The method as continuous process will be designated as compushtrusion and the apparatus in which the method is performed will be designated compushtruder.
- Examples are known from the patent literature wherein plastic products resembling wood are manufactured but wherein the mechanical properties as obtained according to the method of the invention are not obtained therein.
- The known methods, insofar as a relatively high proportion of wood mass is processed into the product, moreover make use without exception of a machine with a strong kneading action, such as for instance the Banbury mixer or the Buss Co-kneader, which is deliberately not used in the new method in respect of the harmful effect of such a kneading machine on the dimensions and properties of the applied wood fibres.
- The applications of the products according to the known methods are limited to ornamentation, covering, fence palings etc., wherein the wood part is considered as filler:
-
- EP-A-O 114 409, E.I. Du Pont de Nemours, 1994
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,030,662, A. K. Banerjie, 1991
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,866,110, Chang Y. Lee, 1989
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,082,605, J. G. Brooks et aI, 1992
- NL-A-77 04265, Lankhorst Touwfabrieken, 1978
- WO-A-90/08020, Polywood Patent AB, 1990.
Description of the construction of the compushtruder
- On the compushtruder can be distinguished:
-
- (1) compounder: preferably twin-screw or single-screw with adapted screw geometry,
- (2) rotating displacement pump, preferably toothed wheel, plunger or screw,
- (3) distribution head
- (4) orienting means,
- (5) mould head, also calibrating device,
which parts are further described hereinafter.
- (1) Compounder.
- The function of the compounder, as for instance from the series Theysohn TSK-N, Leistritz ZSE-GL, is to encapsulate particles, in particular wood fibres, in the liquid thermoplastic. This must take place such that the wood fibre is completely enclosed with polymer, however, without the fibres effectively being shortened herein through breaking in the length. The wood fibres may however split longitudinally. This situation is achieved by the polymer melt wetting the fibres. Due to the relatively strong adhesion properties of the melt in relation to the fibres the latter are carried along and dispersed homogeneously further on in the melt phase. Adapting the screw geometry prevents too intensive a kneading action being applied to the mixture, as is usually the case with, for instance, the Banbury mixer or a standard compounder. A conscious choice has been made for a long compounding path instead of a short sharp one, wherein the wood particles are handled carefully while a homogeneous dispersion nevertheless occurs. The wood particles are preferably introduced under compression and compacted to prevent excess air inclusion which could affect the quality of the end product.
- By successively compressing, decompressing and degassing under vacuum the mixtures by means of the chosen screw geometry, air and gases are expelled, both from the mixture and from the pores in the fibres. In the case of a single-screw compounder, the mixture is driven in a compressed plug flow, whereafter the thermoplastic part is melted.
- The adhesion between wood particles and polymer melt is so great and adheres such that optional further additions can be made to the mixture without breaking the adhesion between polymer and wood particles.
- Optional reinforcing fibres on a basis of cellulose, such as flax, hemp or mlneral fibres or glass, (mica) plates or the like can be carried along in the above path.
- The pressure on the mixture for the purpose of the shaping phase is not provided, as is usual, by the principle of the extruding action of the screw but by a rotating displacement pump interposed for this purpose.
- (2) Rotating Displacement Pump
- The pressure required to press the mixture through the distribution head (to be described below), the orienting means and the mould head/calibrating device is produced by a displacement pump, preferably a screw pump of a gear pump, for example Maag, Expac type Extrrex 56/56 or Witte type ESTHF 92.6LKK. High pressures can be realized without any significant effect on particle shape and dimensions. Moreover, since large shearing forces are practically absent, the desired pressure increase can be realized without excessive thermal load and degradation of the mixture.
- (3) Distribution Head
- The distribution head is a necessary “interface” between rotating displacement pump and orienting means. The laminar flow pattern from the rotating displacement pump must be converted to a plug flow.
- The particle orienting means must be supplied with a constant flow of mixture which in quantity and speed is distributed equally over the flow surface of the orienting means, this in order to prevent blockage and turbulence as result of speed differences after each phase of the particle orientation. The distribution head thus initiates the required placidity within the flow profile, The plug flow can be optimalized:
-
- mechanically by varying the through-flow surface per channel using adjustment bolts which can be accessed from outside and/or
- thermally by varying the flow resistance per channel using heating elements.
- The form of the distribution head depends partly or wholly on the desired product.
- (4) Orienting Means.
- The orienting means consist of a plurality of plates connected in series with slits (in the case of plates) or (cylindrical) holes (in the case of fibres) in the flow direction. The total through-flow surface per plate is mutually equal. The diameter of the holes decreases over the plates connected in series. The diameter and the decrease thereof over the plates depends on the particle dimensions and the desired degree of orientation. When short fibres with a length of 2 mm and an L/D ratio of 4 are guided through a hole of 2.5 mm, little or no orientation will occur.
- If a long fibre with a length of 4 mm and an LID ratio of 8 passes through the same hole, then orientation will occur.
- The number of plates depends on the degree of uniformity in the fibre length, the LLD ratios thereof and the desired degree of orientation.
- The length of the slits or cylindrical hole is preferably at least equal to the maximum linear particle dimension.
- Transition plates between the hole plates with different diameters have of course the same through-flow surface as the hole plates.
- (5) Mould Head/Calibrating Device
- In order to make a two-dimensionally shaped endless product from the “wood mixture” with the oriented particles a mould head and a calibrating device are necessary. In contrast to the typically used extrusion shaping process, mould head and calibrating device are constructed integrally in the compushtrusion process, since the pushtrudate may not be pulled or have pressure exerted thereon in lengthwise direction.
- An essential condition for obtaining technical wood is that after shaping the mixture is cooled under pressure to below the Vicat softening temperature of the binder thermoplastic. This consolidation process is necessary to prevent delamination and matrix failure.
- The system pressure is derived from the flow resistance between mixture and mould head/calibration.
- In order to prevent delamination and matrix failure in the calibration the first part hereof is covered with a coating which substantially reduces the surface resistance to a value wherein no delamination and matrix failure occurs. The outer part of the product meanwhile cooled to below the Vicat softening temperature in the calibration provides matrix support of that part of the product, the material core, still lying below the Vicat softening temperature.
- Process Parameters
- It will be apparent that in the compushtrusion process many parameters can be distinguished which all have their influence on the creation, quality and properties of the technical wood.
- The process parameters can be sub-divided as follows:
-
- (1) Variable parameters, being adjustable parameters which can be varied on-line.
- (2) Adaptable parameters are set once, subject to the type of technical wood and the desired product section.
Variable Parameters
- (1) The variable parameters can be further sub-divided into two categories:
-
- a. as they also occur in the known compounding/extrusion process:
- temperatures, for instance set temperature profile of the screw cylinder, temperature of mould head,
- screw rotation speed,
- with twin-screw compounder: the filling level by means of dosaging,
- pressure, interactive,
- degassing, absolute pressure of the vacuum.
- b. new compushtrusion parameters:
- through-flow surface adjusted by means of adjustment bolts and/or temperature profile of the channels in the distribution head,
- temperature of the particle orienting provision, temperature of the calibration,
- rotating displacement pump temperature,
- rotating displacement pump pressure and output.
- (2) Adaptable parameters
- screw geometry,
- manner and position of dosage,
- degassing zones and number,
- L/D ratio of the compushtruder,
- number of orientation plates,
- diameters and lengthwise change in the holes in the orientation plates,
- flow resistance in the mould head/calibrating device,
- position and active length of the resistance
- reducing coating in the calibrating device.
Example of the method and the mechanical properties of obtained technical wood.
- a. as they also occur in the known compounding/extrusion process:
- The method is performed in a compushtruder as described above with a capacity of 200 kg per hour.
- The composition of the mixture is as follows:
-
- 60% by mass pinewood, length of the fibrous particles 0.6-3 mm,
- L/D=4, moisture content 2.2% by mass
- 40% by mass polypropylene. MFI=15 dg/min, (230/2,16)
- no other additions.
- The most important process parameters are as follows:
-
- temperature profile in the range 160-195° C.
-
compounder feed pressure 15 bar - rotating displacement pump pressure 95 bar
- vacuum 20 kPa.
Measured Mechanical Properties of the Technical Wood:
- Six samples were measured wherein the following results were obtained in respect of the length orientation of the wood particles:
Tensile strength tests (ISO 527) standard deviation Maximum tensile force 23.5 MPa 0.4 MPa E-modulus 5.737 GPa 0.104 GPa Tensile strength 12.2 MPa 0.35 MPa transversely of fibre direction Tensile stress modulus 2.122 GPA 0.102 GPa transversely of fibre direction Bendinq tests (ISO 178): Maximum bending load 32.0 MPa 0.3 MPa Bending modulus 3.849 GPa 0.098 GPa - Addition of 10% glass or flax fibre with a length of 4 mm and L/D 150 to 400 gives values about 25% higher than shown above.
- A product can in principle be manufactured in any suitable manner, starting from pre-compounded material or semi-manufacture, for instance by (isostatic) pressing, injection moulding, extruding, compushtruding.
- A specific embodiment has the feature that the product consists substantially of a laminate comprising a plastic-based composite layer according to the above stated specifications; a first skin layer adhered thereto on one side and possessing chosen properties; optionally a second skin layer adhered thereto on the other side and possessing chosen properties; and which layers are mutually adhered by for instance gluing, welding, mirror-welding, with an infrared laser, with hot air or other suitable treatment.
- Another embodiment is characterized by at least one additive for obtaining desired properties, which additive is added to the process flow at a suitable position in the compushtruding process during manufacture of the product.
- The said chosen properties of the skin layers may relate for instance to the adherability of paint, lacquer and glue.
- A variant of this latter embodiment has the feature that the skin layer or at least one of the skin layers is of the type according to the invention and the long particle orientation thereof has a chosen direction relative to this orientation of the first mentioned plastic layer. Specific mechanical properties can hereby be achieved. These can be based for instance on the Stringer effect.
- As already noted, the product according to the invention lends itself very well for manufacture by means of a process which can best be described as compushtrusion. In this respect the invention likewise provides a compushtrusion apparatus for manufacturing a product of the above specified type, which apparatus comprises: a compounder operating at low pressure for plasticizing a mixture consisting substantially of plastic and particles with tensile strength, which particles are mixed with the plastic either beforehand or in the compounder, and pressing the plastic mixture to the outside via an outlet;
-
- a rotating displacement pump further transporting the plastic mixture;
- a distribution head further guiding the mixture in order to further transport the plastic mixture substantially as a plug flow;
- orienting means further guiding the mixture, comprising at least one bundle of substantially parallel channels through which the plastic mixture can flow and which are dimensioned relative to the long particles such that, other than to a dominating extent in the particle principal direction, they are too small to allow passage of the long particles present in the plastic mixture; and
- a substantially prismatic mould head which connects onto the outlets of the channels and the form of which corresponds with the desired cross sectional form of the product;
- such that the principal direction of the particles corresponds with the longitudinal direction of the mould head and the principal direction of the product;
- which mould head is so long and has a temperature curve in the longitudinal direction such that at the end of the mouth the product has cooled to below its Vicat softening temperature.
- As already discussed, the adhesion of lacquer, paint and glue can be enhanced by mechanical means, for instance due to a certain porosity and protruding fibres. Another embodiment which achieves the same effect in chemo-physical manner is characterized by an additive with a desired influence on chosen properties of the product and belonging to at least one of the following classes:
-
- influencers of adhesion between particles with tensile strength and matrix polymerr (class H),
- influencers of the properties of the surface of the product, particularly in respect of coatings or adhesives for applying in sandwich structures (class 0),
- influencers of the pyrogenic properties (class P),
- influencers of the particle durability (class D),
- blowing means for obtaining a foamed structure (class B), in the case of a sufficiently high temperature increase.
- The invention will now be elucidated with reference to the annexed drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 shows a highly schematic, partly broken away perspective side view of a compushtrusion apparatus with which a product according to the invention can be manufactured; -
FIG. 2 shows a highly schematic side view of an apparatus with which another product according to the invention can be manufactured; -
FIG. 3 is a cut away perspective view corresponding withFIG. 1 of a variant; and -
FIG. 4 is a cut away perspective view on enlarged scale of a part of the apparatus according toFIG. 3 . -
FIG. 1 shows a compushtruder 1. This comprises acompounder 2, arotating displacement pump 3, a distribution head 4, aparticle orienting member 42 and a mould head/calibratingunit 43. The distribution head 4 and the orienting head 5 comprise continuous channels through which can pass the plasticized plastic, in which fibres with tensile strength are incorporated. The long fibres have a length predominantly in the range of 2-6 mm. In order to give these fibres the desired orientation, that is, the longitudinal direction designated witharrow 6, the continuous channels comprise in the distribution head 4 and the orienting head 5 sub-channels having an effective diameter of for instance in the order of 6-8 mm, taking account of the wish to choose the diameter size of the said channels such that the orientation of the short fibres in not affected. It will be apparent that for other fibre lengths the said passages can be adapted correspondingly. The product 7 consists substantially of the solidified composite mass in which the long fibres extend generally at least roughly inlongitudinal direction 6. -
FIG. 2 shows an alternative. Two compushtruders 8, 9 deliverproducts 10, 11 respectively in the direction of the pinch between tworollers fibre mat 15, comprising for instance glass or aramide fibres, is introduced between the plate-like products 10, 11 bytransport rollers rollers fibre mat 15 extend substantially in thelongitudinal direction 6. At least one of theproducts 10, 11 displays a desired porosity in order to ensure properties corresponding with wood. - For greater thicknesses a product can be manufactured from a plurality of laminates placed one on top of another and mutually adhered by a thermal treatment and pressure.
- It is further noted in general that binders can also be added to the basic plastic in order to improve the adhesion between fibres, plastic and other additives. The adhesion to the product according to the invention of paints and lacquers on acryl-water basis can hereby also improve.
- The use of colouring agents or pigments in the mass can provide the advantage that a uniform product is obtained.
- With reference to
FIG. 2 attention is drawn to the fact that by making use of for example co-extrusion or other suitable technique on the product according to the invention an additional coating can be applied to the visual side of the product. Such a coating can have an extra-stable colour, an increased UV-resistance or resistance to dirt and weather influences. - In contrast to the above mentioned prior art the invention provides a product which lends itself for processing and treating as wood. The following considerations are paramount here.
- The product according to the invention can have a linear expansion similar to wood and also has a similar strength and stiffness with a comparatively great toughness and excellent cracking strength. The product can display fire characteristics which, by making use of environmentally-friendly provisions, must be at least the equal of the fire characteristics of normal wood and which when it burns may not produce any more smoke and harmful substances than normal wood. At a specific weight of 750-1250 kg/m3, the process and the required raw materials and additives may not exceed the price of normally processed wood.
- In terms of appearance and weight the product according to the invention can if desired display a striking similarity with natural wood or traditionally pressed wood such as MDF or wood fibre board.
- The product according to the invention can be worked with normal tools and normal wood processing machines. In the usual manner of wood it can be nailed, sawn, screwed, glued, painted and lacquered.
- The product according to the invention can possess an excellent resistance to climatological conditions such as moisture, sunlight with ultraviolet component, temperature changes etc.
- The products according to the invention are better suitable for recycling after use than natural wood.
- The products according to the invention are superior to wood in respect of moisture absorption, rotting, swelling and the like.
-
FIG. 3 shows acompushtruder 21 which has a structure differing partially from that drawn inFIG. 1 . Adistribution head 23 connects onto the rotating displacement pump 3 (see alsoFIG. 4 ). This block has a more or less conically taperinginlet space 24 which debouches into a fan of nine channels 25-33.FIG. 4 in particular shows clearly the internal structure of thedistribution head 23. By means of screws controllable from outside, which are all designated 34 for the sake of convenience, the effective passage and therewith the flow resistance of channels 25-33 can be individually adjusted. An excellent homogeneity of the through-flowing mixture can hereby be ensured. Alternatively, the effective through-flow of the channels can be influenced by a selective heating. The through-flow of a channel can in any case be improved by reducing the flow resistance. This can be achieved not only by adjusting the passage but also by changing the temperature, whereby the viscosity of the through-flowing mixture changes, at least in the boundary surface, thereby changing the effective through-flow. - Via a
collection space 35 the plastic mixture allowed through is fed to abundle 36 of channels which is bounded by plates extending one on top of another in transverse direction. By means ofchannels 37 sufficient heat can be supplied to the through-flowing mixture to keep it in plastic state. Asecond bundle 38 follows thefirst bundle 36 via aninterspace 37. A third bundle 40 follows via aninterspace 39. - Downstream of this latter bundle 40 is situated the mould head 41 of the
compushtruder 21. By means of calibrating and cooling means the product is then cooled gradually while a sufficient pressure is maintained, and is carried to the outside in the correct dimensions.Product 42 according toFIG. 3 has an orientation of the long fibres corresponding with the mould longitudinal direction. - The diameters of the mutually adjacent round channels in
bundles - It will be apparent from the structure shown in
FIG. 4 that the mass flowing through the more inwardly located channels has a smaller flow resistance than the mass flowing through the more outwardly located channels, since they are longer. In this context the more inwardly located channels can have a slightly smaller diameter. - It is noted that in all compushtruders the mixture with the fibres embedded therein is introduced into the mould head by the rotating displacement pump at a relatively high temperature above the Vicat softening temperature, for instance 180° C., cools during the transport through the mould head and has reached a reduced temperature at the end such that the exiting product has a temperature below the Vicat softening temperature, whereby it is sufficiently cured that it will no longer undergo any substantial change in shape.
Claims (39)
1. Plastic-based composite product which is comprised least partially of a plastic having a plurality of particles homogeneously embedded in said plastic, which particles have tensile strength in at least one principal direction.
said plurality of particles comprising:
small particles, in the form of plates or fibres with a random orientation and a length of 0.2-2 mm, and
large particles with a dominant orientation, of the said principal direction of the particles in a chosen product principal direction and a length in the particle principal direction of about 2-6 mm.
2. Product as claimed in claim 1 ,
characterized in that the large particles are plates and the particle principal direction extends in the main plane thereof.
3. Product as claimed in claim 2 ,
characterized in that the plates have an at least more or less isotropic tensile strength in their main plane.
4. Product as claimed in claim 3 ,
characterized in that the plates consist substantially of mica.
5. Product as claimed in claim 1 ,
characterized in that the large particles are fibres wherein the principal direction of the particles is the longitudinal direction of each fibre.
6. Product as claimed in claim 1 ,
characterized in that the particles consist predominantly of wood material and the plastic is a thermoplastic polymer material,
wherein
a. the transverse dimension of the large wood particles is such that the ratio between the length in the principal direction of the particles and this transverse dimension amounts to a minimum of 4.
b. the wood particles are present in a quantity of 40-80% by mass, in relation to the mass of product.
c. the obtained product complies minimally with the following requirements relating to mechanical properties in
bending strength in the fibre direction: 8 MPa
bending modulus in the fibre direction: 3 GPa
tensile strength in the fibre direction: 6 MPa
tensile stress modulus in fibre direction: 3 GPa
tensile strength transversely of fibre direction: 0.3 MPa
tensile stress modulus transversely of fibre direction: 1 GPa.
7. Product as claimed in claim 6 ,
characterized in that the wood particles originate from softwood or hardwood.
8. Product as claimed in claim 6 ,
characterized in that other particles with tensile strength are present in an amount of 3-25% by mass.
9. Product as claimed in claim 8 ,
characterized in that other particles with tensile strength are present which originate from at least one type of from the class of inorganic polymers on a basis of silicates.
10. Product as claimed in claim 8 ,
characterized in that other fibres with tensile strength are present consisting of glass fibres, chopped strands with a length of 4-5 mm and a diameter of 0.013 mm and a ratio of length to diameter in the range of 300-400.
11. Product as claimed in claim 8 ,
characterized in that other fibres with tensile strength are present which are at least one of the class of the natural biopolymers on a basis of cellulose, wherein the percentage of said natural biopolymers present depends on the number of external appendages on the fibres.
12. Product as claimed in claim 6 ,
characterized in that the polymer material consists of polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene or polyacrylate.
13. Product as claimed in claim 12 ,
characterized in that the polymer material consists of one or more olefinic homo-or copolymerisates with an H.F.I. (230/2,16) of 1-30 dg/min; and which polymeric matrix material forms 10-50% by mass of the wood.
14. Product as claimed in claim 1 ,
characterized by at least one additive for obtaining desired properties, which additive is added to the process flow at a suitable position in the compushtruding process during manufacture of the product.
15. Product as claimed in claim 14 ,
characterized by an additive with a desired influence on chosen properties of the product and belonging to at least one of the following classes:
influencers of adhesion between particles with tensile strength and matrix poly (class H),
influencers of the properties of the surface of the product, particularly in respect of coatings or adhesives for applying in sandwich structures (class 0),
influencers of the pyrogenic properties (class F),
influencers of the particle durability (class D),
blowing means for obtaining a foamed structure (class B),
in the case of an unintended, sufficiently great temperature increase.
16. Product as claimed in claim 14 ,
Additive Class Mass-percentage
Polybond (Spider) H 0 1-3,
Polyweb (DOW) H 0 1-3,
Exxelor (Exxon) H 0 1-3,
tributoxyethylphosphate H O P 1-5,
1,2,3-propane trial H 0 V 2-3
diamrnoniumphosphate P D 2-8
ammoniumcarbonate P B 1-3
amrnoniumhydrogencarbonate P B
1,2-ethane diol 0 D up to 3
ethylacetate/ethanol ½-⅓ 0 up to 3
methyl acetate H 0 up to 4
n-propanol 0 up to 1.5
silane A 171, 172, 174 H O D 0.5-3
polyvinyl acetate H O D up to 5
surfactants, ionogenic/ H 0 up to 2
aniogenic, standard
chlorinated polyolefins H 0 up to 5
UV-stabilizers D up to 3
azodicarbonamide P B up to 3
characterized in that as additives with a positive influence on the desired properties of the technical wood one or more of the following are present therein indicating the class or classes and the applied percentage related to the mass of technical wood:
17. Product as claimed in claim 1 ,
characterized in that at least one colouring agent or pigment is added to the product during manufacture.
18. Product as claimed in claim 1 ,
characterized in that the product comprises:
a plastic-based composite layer
a first skin layer adhered thereto on a first side thereof
optionally a second skin layer adhered thereto on a second side thereof; and which layers are mutually adhered.
19. Product as claimed in claim 18 ,
characterized in that at least one skin layer is of the type as claimed in claim 1 and the product principal direction thereof has a chosen direction relative to this product principal direction of the first mentioned plastic-based composite layer.
20. Apparatus for manufacturing a product as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a compounder operating at low pressure for plasticizing a mixture of plastic and particles with tensile strength, which particles are mixed with the plastic either beforehand or in the compounder, and pressing the plastic mixture to the outside via an outlet;
a rotating displacement pump further transporting the plastic mixture;
a distribution head further guiding the mixture in order to further transport the plastic mixture substantially as a plug flow;
orienting means further guiding the mixture, comprising at least one bundle of substantially parallel channels through which the plastic mixture can flow, which channels are dimensioned relative to the long particles such that, other than to a dominating extent in the particle principal direction, said channels being too small to allow passage of the long particles present in the plastic mixture; and
a substantially prismatic mould head which connects onto outlets of the channels, said outlets having a form which corresponds with a desired cross sectional form of the product;
such that the particle principal direction corresponds with the longitudinal direction of the mould head and the product principal direction;
which mould head is so long and has a temperature curve in the longitudinal direction such that at the end of the mouth the product has cooled to below its Vicat softening temperature.
21. Apparatus as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the linear transverse dimensions of at least the parts of the channels located furthest downstream amount to a minimum of 2× the length of the short fibres and a maximum of 1.5× the length of the long fibres.
22. Apparatus as claimed in claim 20 , comprising at least two bundles of channels mutually connecting in series, wherein the transverse dimensions of the channels of a bundle located further downstream are smaller than those of the channels of a bundle located further upstream.
23. Apparatus as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the effective passages of the channels of the distribution head are adjustable.
24. Apparatus as claimed in claim 20 , wherein at least one feed for adding particle material and/or additives to the plastic connects to the compounder.
25. Apparatus as claimed in claim 20 , further comprising particle supply means which are adapted to introduce the particles into the compounder under a pressure such that these are compressed while air is expelled.
26. Apparatus as claimed in claim 25 , further comprising compression means for compressing the particle material to expel gases prior to addition of the plastic.
27. Apparatus as claimed in claim 20 wherein the compounder has a screw with a geometry such that the plastic mixture in which the particles are incorporated is successively compressed, decompressed and degassed under vacuum such that air and other gases are expelled from the mixture and from the pores present in the particles.
28. Method for manufacturing a product as claimed in claim 1
characterized in that the finished product is subjected to an after-treatment comprising heating the product to a temperature above the Vicat softening temperature of the applied plastic respectively the highest Vicat softening temperature of all the applied plastics, modelling the product to a desired shape and while maintaining a chosen pressure causing the product to cool in this shape to below the said Vicat softening temperature.
29. Product obtained with the method as claimed in claim 28 .
30. Method for manufacturing a product as claimed in claim 12 ,
characterized in that as starting polymer material is used a prepolymer on the basis of a styrene or an acrylate.
31. Product as set forth in claim 6 wherein said polymer is at least one polyolefin or polymer based on styrene.
32. Product as set forth in claim 6 wherein the ratio between the length in the principal direction of the particles and the transverse dimension is in the range of 6 to 80.
33. Product as set forth in claim 6 wherein the wood particles are present in a quantity of 50 to 70% by mass in relation to the mass of the product.
34. Product as set forth in claim 7 wherein said wood particles originate from at least one of fir, spruce, birch or poplar.
35. Product as set forth in claim 8 wherein other particles are present in 5 to 18% by mass.
36. Product as set forth in claim 9 wherein said other particles are glass.
37. Product as set forth in claim 11 wherein the natural biopolymer is a member selected from the group consisting of flax, jute, hemp, sisal, coconut, bamboo and miscanthus.
38. Product as set forth in claim 13 wherein said H.F.I. is 2-15 dg/min.
39. Product as set forth in claim 13 wherein said polymeric matrix forms 15-40% by mass of the wood.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/861,112 US20050013984A1 (en) | 1995-04-27 | 2004-06-04 | Plastic-based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing same |
US11/555,475 US7713460B2 (en) | 1995-04-27 | 2006-11-01 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing of plastic-based composite product |
US12/546,761 US20100043339A1 (en) | 1995-04-27 | 2009-08-25 | Modular Housing Unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
WOPCT/NL95/00153 | 1995-04-27 | ||
PCT/NL1995/000153 WO1996034045A1 (en) | 1995-04-27 | 1995-04-27 | Plastic-based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing same |
US09/171,910 US6929841B1 (en) | 1995-04-27 | 1995-04-27 | Plastic-based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing same |
US10/861,112 US20050013984A1 (en) | 1995-04-27 | 2004-06-04 | Plastic-based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing same |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/171,910 Continuation US6929841B1 (en) | 1995-04-27 | 1995-04-27 | Plastic-based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing same |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/555,475 Continuation-In-Part US7713460B2 (en) | 1995-04-27 | 2006-11-01 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing of plastic-based composite product |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050013984A1 true US20050013984A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
Family
ID=19865507
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/171,910 Expired - Lifetime US6929841B1 (en) | 1995-04-27 | 1995-04-27 | Plastic-based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing same |
US10/861,112 Abandoned US20050013984A1 (en) | 1995-04-27 | 2004-06-04 | Plastic-based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing same |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/171,910 Expired - Lifetime US6929841B1 (en) | 1995-04-27 | 1995-04-27 | Plastic-based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing same |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6929841B1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP0830424B1 (en) |
AT (2) | ATE274555T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2319695A (en) |
DE (2) | DE69528669T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0830424T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2225404T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996034045A1 (en) |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060012071A1 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2006-01-19 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | Method of manufacturing a metal-reinforced plastic panel |
US20060293418A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-12-28 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Wood particle filled polyvinyl chloride composites and their foams |
US20070235705A1 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2007-10-11 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | Composite fence |
US20080197523A1 (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-08-21 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | System and method for manufacturing composite materials having substantially uniform properties |
US20100104847A1 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-04-29 | Campagnolo S.R.L. | Sheet moulding compound |
US7743567B1 (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2010-06-29 | The Crane Group Companies Limited | Fiberglass/cellulosic composite and method for molding |
US7913960B1 (en) | 2007-08-22 | 2011-03-29 | The Crane Group Companies Limited | Bracketing system |
US8074339B1 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2011-12-13 | The Crane Group Companies Limited | Methods of manufacturing a lattice having a distressed appearance |
US8167275B1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2012-05-01 | The Crane Group Companies Limited | Rail system and method for assembly |
US8460797B1 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2013-06-11 | Timbertech Limited | Capped component and method for forming |
US8901209B2 (en) | 2010-04-21 | 2014-12-02 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Wood-plastic composite with improved thermal and weathering resistance and method of making the same |
EP2926968A1 (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-07 | G. S. Georg Stemeseder GmbH | Method for making a profile element from a wood fibre reinforced plastic, and such a profile element, a composite profile comprising same and a window assembly formed from same |
WO2017068602A1 (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-04-27 | Sp Advanced Engineering Materials Pvt. Ltd. | A system of continuous pultrusion method for manufacturing of bio-composite products; process and products thereof |
WO2017216809A3 (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2018-01-18 | Sp Advanced Engineering Materials Pvt. Ltd. | A composites product; a pultrusion continuous method for manufacturing thereof |
US10411222B2 (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2019-09-10 | University Of Maryland, College Park | Transparent hybrid substrates, devices employing such substrates, and methods for fabrication and use thereof |
US20210372144A1 (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2021-12-02 | Champion Link International Corporation | Panel and Method for Producing a Panel |
EP3939758A1 (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-01-19 | Aviplast WFC B.V. | Plastic and wood fiber based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing said plastic and wood fiber based composite product |
CN114658134A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-06-24 | 中建丝路建设投资有限公司 | Self-locking joint for assembly type structure, assembly type wallboard and mounting method of assembly type wallboard |
Families Citing this family (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100043339A1 (en) | 1995-04-27 | 2010-02-25 | Dirk Van Dijk | Modular Housing Unit |
ES2225404T3 (en) * | 1995-04-27 | 2005-03-16 | Tech-Wood International Limited | COMPOSITE PRODUCT BASED ON PLASTIC AND METHOD TO MANUFACTURE IT. |
US6120626A (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-09-19 | Autoliv Asp Inc. | Dispensing fibrous cellulose material |
DE60110605T2 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2006-01-19 | Ohio University, Athens | COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH POLYMERMATRIX |
AU2001291101A1 (en) * | 2000-09-18 | 2002-03-26 | James D. Jones Jr | Thermoplastic composite wood material |
DE10134995A1 (en) * | 2001-07-18 | 2003-02-06 | Rettenmaier & Soehne Gmbh & Co | Filler based on wood fibers for the production of plastic moldings |
PL1610938T3 (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2012-10-31 | Tech Wood Int Ltd | Method for manufacturing a reinforced plastic profile |
ES2385983T3 (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2012-08-06 | Tech-Wood International Ltd | Method to manufacture a reinforced plastic profile |
WO2004083558A1 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-09-30 | Tech-Wood International Ltd | Cover or wall profile |
DE10327848B4 (en) | 2003-06-18 | 2006-12-21 | Kay Brandenburg | Wood particle mixture for a wood-plastic composite and method for producing the wood particle mixture |
US20060162879A1 (en) * | 2003-07-13 | 2006-07-27 | Tinker Larry C | Compounding of fibrillated fiber |
US20050183243A1 (en) * | 2003-07-13 | 2005-08-25 | Tinker Larry C. | Fibrillation of natural fiber |
DE10335139A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Process for the production of lightweight components as well as lightweight construction profiles that can be produced by the process |
DE10348804A1 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-06-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Process for the production of lightweight components with wood fibers and lightweight profiles which can be produced by the process |
DE102005029685A1 (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2006-12-21 | Ami-Agrolinz Melamine International Gmbh | Composite material, useful in e.g. windows, doors, lining elements, comprises wood portion and a cross-linked melamine resin |
US20070187025A1 (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2007-08-16 | Newcore, L.P. | Bamboo beam |
DE102006006580A1 (en) | 2006-02-13 | 2007-08-16 | Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for the production of moldings from a mixture of particulate natural materials and thermoplastic binder |
US7147745B1 (en) | 2006-02-13 | 2006-12-12 | Newcore, L.P. | Bamboo beam and process |
ATE536245T1 (en) | 2006-09-15 | 2011-12-15 | Strandex Corp | NOZZLE SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EXTRUDING A CELLULAR, FOAMED CELLULOSE FIBER POLYMER COMPOSITION |
US8337191B2 (en) | 2006-09-15 | 2012-12-25 | Strandex Corporation | Dies for making extruded synthetic wood and methods relating thereto |
US20110147305A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-23 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Liquid-liquid extraction tower having center feed inlet and process |
US8586183B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2013-11-19 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Thermoplastic compositions, method of manufacture, and uses thereof |
US8187702B1 (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2012-05-29 | The Diller Corporation | Decorative laminate and method of making |
CN104266072A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2015-01-07 | 北京可汗之风科技有限公司 | High-intensity composite rod |
WO2017027699A1 (en) | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-16 | South Dakota Board Of Regents | Discontinuous-fiber composites and methods of making the same |
US10882048B2 (en) | 2016-07-11 | 2021-01-05 | Resource Fiber LLC | Apparatus and method for conditioning bamboo or vegetable cane fiber |
NL2018623B1 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-10 | Nnrgy B V | Method for processing a mix of lignocellulose fibers for the production of a bio-based composite |
US11175116B2 (en) | 2017-04-12 | 2021-11-16 | Resource Fiber LLC | Bamboo and/or vegetable cane fiber ballistic impact panel and process |
US10597863B2 (en) | 2018-01-19 | 2020-03-24 | Resource Fiber LLC | Laminated bamboo platform and concrete composite slab system |
US11396121B2 (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2022-07-26 | N.E.W. Plastics Corp. | Extruded variegated plastic profile and method |
AT524370B1 (en) | 2020-10-20 | 2022-06-15 | David Benko | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A MOLDED BODY FROM NATURAL FIBERS |
Citations (41)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3308507A (en) * | 1965-09-17 | 1967-03-14 | Rexall Drug Chemical | Extrusion apparatus |
US3770859A (en) * | 1970-07-07 | 1973-11-06 | Bevan Ass C G | Building materials |
US4192839A (en) * | 1978-01-03 | 1980-03-11 | Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing expanded article of thermoplastic resin |
US4221621A (en) * | 1976-05-12 | 1980-09-09 | Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for preparing a foamed article of thermoplastic resin and a die therefor |
US4559262A (en) * | 1981-01-21 | 1985-12-17 | Imperial Chemical Industries, Plc | Fibre reinforced compositions and methods for producing such compositions |
US5082605A (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1992-01-21 | Advanced Environmental Recycling Technologies, Inc. | Method for making composite material |
US5096406A (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1992-03-17 | Advanced Environmental Recycling Technologies, Inc. | Extruder assembly for composite materials |
US5273819A (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1993-12-28 | Jex Edward R | Fiber reinforced resin composites, method of manufacture and improved composite products |
US5401154A (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1995-03-28 | Continental Structural Plastics, Inc. | Apparatus for compounding a fiber reinforced thermoplastic material and forming parts therefrom |
US5474722A (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1995-12-12 | The Governing Council Of The University Of Toronto | Oriented thermoplastic and particulate matter composite material |
US5516472A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1996-05-14 | Strandex Corporation | Extruded synthetic wood composition and method for making same |
US5827462A (en) * | 1996-10-22 | 1998-10-27 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Balanced cooling of extruded synthetic wood material |
US5836128A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 1998-11-17 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Deck plank |
US5866051A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 1999-02-02 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Method of making continuous glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastic foam sandwich composites |
US5882564A (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1999-03-16 | Andersen Corporation | Resin and wood fiber composite profile extrusion method |
US6011091A (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 2000-01-04 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Vinyl based cellulose reinforced composite |
US6035588A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2000-03-14 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Deck plank |
US6117924A (en) * | 1996-10-22 | 2000-09-12 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Extrusion of synthetic wood material |
US6131355A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2000-10-17 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Deck plank |
USD448865S1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2001-10-02 | Crane Plastics Siding Llc | Foam-backed, vinyl siding panel |
US6295778B1 (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 2001-10-02 | Crane Products Ltd. | Modular building structures comprised of extruded components |
USD450138S1 (en) * | 2000-11-20 | 2001-11-06 | Crane Plastics Siding Llc | Straight face, foam-backed, vinyl siding panel |
US6321500B1 (en) * | 1998-03-26 | 2001-11-27 | Crane Plastics Siding Llc | Reinforced vinyl siding |
US6322731B1 (en) * | 1997-02-17 | 2001-11-27 | Ricegrowers′ Co-Operative Ltd. | Continuous extrusion process using organic waste materials |
US6337138B1 (en) * | 1998-12-28 | 2002-01-08 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Cellulosic, inorganic-filled plastic composite |
US6341458B1 (en) * | 2000-06-08 | 2002-01-29 | Crane Products Ltd. | Extruded composite corners for building construction |
US6344504B1 (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 2002-02-05 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Extrusion of synthetic wood material |
US6345479B1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2002-02-12 | Crane Plastics Manufacturing Ltd. | Hinged thermoplastic structural piece containing injection molded portion |
US6358585B1 (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 2002-03-19 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Ectrudable cement core thermoplastic composite |
US6360508B1 (en) * | 2000-03-08 | 2002-03-26 | Crane Plastics Siding Llc | Universal accent channel |
US6393785B1 (en) * | 2000-05-04 | 2002-05-28 | Crane Products Ltd. | Water drainage system for a deck |
US6409952B1 (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2002-06-25 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Drying and processing cellulosic compounds |
US6423257B1 (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2002-07-23 | Timbertech Limited | Method of manufacturing a sacrificial limb for a deck plank |
US6453630B1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2002-09-24 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | Deck plank cover |
US6464913B1 (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 2002-10-15 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | In-line compounding and extrusion system |
US6488150B1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2002-12-03 | Crane Plastics Siding Llc | Bulk packaging system and method |
US20020192431A1 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-19 | Vinylex Corporation | Extruded plastic lumber and method of manufacture |
US6511757B1 (en) * | 1996-10-29 | 2003-01-28 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | Compression molding of synthetic wood material |
US6516577B2 (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2003-02-11 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | Exterior panel |
USD471292S1 (en) * | 2000-11-20 | 2003-03-04 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | Straight face, foam-backed, vinyl siding panel |
US6929841B1 (en) * | 1995-04-27 | 2005-08-16 | Tech-Wood International Ltd. | Plastic-based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing same |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS53121843A (en) * | 1977-04-01 | 1978-10-24 | Polyplastics Kk | Thermoplastic resin mold composition |
FR2433031A1 (en) * | 1978-08-11 | 1980-03-07 | Solvay | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF OBJECTS FROM COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING MODIFIED POLYOLEFINS AND CELLULOSIC FIBERS |
SU1100288A1 (en) * | 1982-11-17 | 1984-06-30 | Новополоцкое Отделение Предприятия П/Я В-2913 | Polymeric composition |
JPS59217743A (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1984-12-07 | Kasai Kogyo Co Ltd | Wood-filled composite resin composition |
JPS6069161A (en) | 1983-09-27 | 1985-04-19 | Toshiba Corp | Composite resin composition containing fiber and production thereof |
JPS6279615A (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1987-04-13 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | Ion beam generation device |
JPS644652A (en) * | 1987-06-26 | 1989-01-09 | Nanba Press Kogyo Kk | Sisal-hemp-reinforced composite thermoplastic composition |
JPH0298429A (en) | 1988-10-06 | 1990-04-10 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | Fiber glass reinforced plastic plate material and manufacture thereof |
JP3351475B2 (en) * | 1992-10-03 | 2002-11-25 | ユニチカ株式会社 | Laminated plate and method of manufacturing the same |
JP3579770B2 (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 2004-10-20 | チッソ株式会社 | Crystalline thermoplastic resin columns reinforced with long fibers and plate-like inorganic fillers |
NL9302125A (en) | 1993-12-07 | 1995-07-03 | Aviplast Bv | Plastic product and extrusion apparatus |
NL9400308A (en) | 1993-12-07 | 1995-07-03 | Aviplast Bv | Plastic product and extrusion apparatus |
-
1995
- 1995-04-27 ES ES01202924T patent/ES2225404T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-27 AT AT01202924T patent/ATE274555T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-27 EP EP95916849A patent/EP0830424B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-27 AT AT95916849T patent/ATE226609T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-27 US US09/171,910 patent/US6929841B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-27 AU AU23196/95A patent/AU2319695A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-04-27 DK DK95916849T patent/DK0830424T3/en active
- 1995-04-27 EP EP01202924A patent/EP1172404B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-27 DE DE69528669T patent/DE69528669T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-27 DE DE69533432T patent/DE69533432T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-27 WO PCT/NL1995/000153 patent/WO1996034045A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2004
- 2004-06-04 US US10/861,112 patent/US20050013984A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3308507A (en) * | 1965-09-17 | 1967-03-14 | Rexall Drug Chemical | Extrusion apparatus |
US3770859A (en) * | 1970-07-07 | 1973-11-06 | Bevan Ass C G | Building materials |
US4221621A (en) * | 1976-05-12 | 1980-09-09 | Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for preparing a foamed article of thermoplastic resin and a die therefor |
US4192839A (en) * | 1978-01-03 | 1980-03-11 | Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing expanded article of thermoplastic resin |
US4559262A (en) * | 1981-01-21 | 1985-12-17 | Imperial Chemical Industries, Plc | Fibre reinforced compositions and methods for producing such compositions |
US5273819A (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1993-12-28 | Jex Edward R | Fiber reinforced resin composites, method of manufacture and improved composite products |
US5082605A (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1992-01-21 | Advanced Environmental Recycling Technologies, Inc. | Method for making composite material |
US5096406A (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1992-03-17 | Advanced Environmental Recycling Technologies, Inc. | Extruder assembly for composite materials |
US5474722A (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1995-12-12 | The Governing Council Of The University Of Toronto | Oriented thermoplastic and particulate matter composite material |
US5401154A (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1995-03-28 | Continental Structural Plastics, Inc. | Apparatus for compounding a fiber reinforced thermoplastic material and forming parts therefrom |
US5516472A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1996-05-14 | Strandex Corporation | Extruded synthetic wood composition and method for making same |
US6929841B1 (en) * | 1995-04-27 | 2005-08-16 | Tech-Wood International Ltd. | Plastic-based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing same |
US6103791A (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 2000-08-15 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Vinyl based cellulose reinforced composite |
US6011091A (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 2000-01-04 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Vinyl based cellulose reinforced composite |
US6248813B1 (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 2001-06-19 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Vinyl based cellulose reinforced composite |
US6358585B1 (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 2002-03-19 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Ectrudable cement core thermoplastic composite |
US5882564A (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1999-03-16 | Andersen Corporation | Resin and wood fiber composite profile extrusion method |
US6117924A (en) * | 1996-10-22 | 2000-09-12 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Extrusion of synthetic wood material |
US5827462A (en) * | 1996-10-22 | 1998-10-27 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Balanced cooling of extruded synthetic wood material |
US6511757B1 (en) * | 1996-10-29 | 2003-01-28 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | Compression molding of synthetic wood material |
US6498205B1 (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 2002-12-24 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Extrusion of synthetic wood material using thermoplastic material in powder form |
US6344504B1 (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 2002-02-05 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Extrusion of synthetic wood material |
US6272808B1 (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2001-08-14 | Timbertech Limited | Deck plank |
US6035588A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2000-03-14 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Deck plank |
US6131355A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2000-10-17 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Deck plank |
US6423257B1 (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2002-07-23 | Timbertech Limited | Method of manufacturing a sacrificial limb for a deck plank |
US5836128A (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 1998-11-17 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Deck plank |
US6322731B1 (en) * | 1997-02-17 | 2001-11-27 | Ricegrowers′ Co-Operative Ltd. | Continuous extrusion process using organic waste materials |
US5866051A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 1999-02-02 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Method of making continuous glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastic foam sandwich composites |
US6464913B1 (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 2002-10-15 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | In-line compounding and extrusion system |
US6526718B2 (en) * | 1998-03-26 | 2003-03-04 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | Reinforced vinyl siding |
US6321500B1 (en) * | 1998-03-26 | 2001-11-27 | Crane Plastics Siding Llc | Reinforced vinyl siding |
US6295778B1 (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 2001-10-02 | Crane Products Ltd. | Modular building structures comprised of extruded components |
US6409952B1 (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2002-06-25 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Drying and processing cellulosic compounds |
US6337138B1 (en) * | 1998-12-28 | 2002-01-08 | Crane Plastics Company Limited Partnership | Cellulosic, inorganic-filled plastic composite |
US6345479B1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2002-02-12 | Crane Plastics Manufacturing Ltd. | Hinged thermoplastic structural piece containing injection molded portion |
US6516577B2 (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2003-02-11 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | Exterior panel |
US6453630B1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2002-09-24 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | Deck plank cover |
US6360508B1 (en) * | 2000-03-08 | 2002-03-26 | Crane Plastics Siding Llc | Universal accent channel |
US6393785B1 (en) * | 2000-05-04 | 2002-05-28 | Crane Products Ltd. | Water drainage system for a deck |
US6341458B1 (en) * | 2000-06-08 | 2002-01-29 | Crane Products Ltd. | Extruded composite corners for building construction |
USD450138S1 (en) * | 2000-11-20 | 2001-11-06 | Crane Plastics Siding Llc | Straight face, foam-backed, vinyl siding panel |
USD471292S1 (en) * | 2000-11-20 | 2003-03-04 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | Straight face, foam-backed, vinyl siding panel |
US6488150B1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2002-12-03 | Crane Plastics Siding Llc | Bulk packaging system and method |
USD448865S1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2001-10-02 | Crane Plastics Siding Llc | Foam-backed, vinyl siding panel |
US20020192431A1 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-19 | Vinylex Corporation | Extruded plastic lumber and method of manufacture |
Cited By (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060012071A1 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2006-01-19 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | Method of manufacturing a metal-reinforced plastic panel |
US20070235705A1 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2007-10-11 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | Composite fence |
US8074339B1 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2011-12-13 | The Crane Group Companies Limited | Methods of manufacturing a lattice having a distressed appearance |
US20060293418A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-12-28 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Wood particle filled polyvinyl chloride composites and their foams |
US7446138B2 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2008-11-04 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Wood particle filled polyvinyl chloride composites and their foams |
USD797953S1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2017-09-19 | Cpg International Llc | Rail assembly |
USD782698S1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2017-03-28 | Cpg International Llc | Rail |
USD797307S1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2017-09-12 | Cpg International Llc | Rail assembly |
US9822547B2 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2017-11-21 | Cpg International Llc | Rail system and method for assembly |
USD788329S1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2017-05-30 | Cpg International Llc | Post cover |
US10358841B2 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2019-07-23 | Cpg International Llc | Rail system and method for assembly |
US8167275B1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2012-05-01 | The Crane Group Companies Limited | Rail system and method for assembly |
USD787707S1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2017-05-23 | Cpg International Llc | Rail |
USD782697S1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2017-03-28 | Cpg International Llc | Rail |
US7743567B1 (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2010-06-29 | The Crane Group Companies Limited | Fiberglass/cellulosic composite and method for molding |
US8460797B1 (en) | 2006-12-29 | 2013-06-11 | Timbertech Limited | Capped component and method for forming |
US20080197523A1 (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2008-08-21 | Crane Plastics Company Llc | System and method for manufacturing composite materials having substantially uniform properties |
US7913960B1 (en) | 2007-08-22 | 2011-03-29 | The Crane Group Companies Limited | Bracketing system |
EP2179838B1 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2017-12-06 | Campagnolo S.r.l. | Sheet moulding compound |
US10259173B2 (en) | 2008-10-23 | 2019-04-16 | Campagnolo S.R.L. | Sheet moulding compound |
CN101725820A (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-06-09 | 坎培诺洛有限公司 | Sheet moulding compound |
JP2010100851A (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-05-06 | Campagnolo Spa | Sheet molding compound |
US20100104847A1 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-04-29 | Campagnolo S.R.L. | Sheet moulding compound |
US8901209B2 (en) | 2010-04-21 | 2014-12-02 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Wood-plastic composite with improved thermal and weathering resistance and method of making the same |
EP2926968A1 (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-07 | G. S. Georg Stemeseder GmbH | Method for making a profile element from a wood fibre reinforced plastic, and such a profile element, a composite profile comprising same and a window assembly formed from same |
WO2017068602A1 (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-04-27 | Sp Advanced Engineering Materials Pvt. Ltd. | A system of continuous pultrusion method for manufacturing of bio-composite products; process and products thereof |
US11135788B2 (en) | 2015-10-21 | 2021-10-05 | Sp Advanced Engineering Materials Pvt. Ltd. | System of continuous pultrusion method for manufacturing of bio-composite products; process and products thereof |
WO2017216809A3 (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2018-01-18 | Sp Advanced Engineering Materials Pvt. Ltd. | A composites product; a pultrusion continuous method for manufacturing thereof |
US10411222B2 (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2019-09-10 | University Of Maryland, College Park | Transparent hybrid substrates, devices employing such substrates, and methods for fabrication and use thereof |
US20210372144A1 (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2021-12-02 | Champion Link International Corporation | Panel and Method for Producing a Panel |
US11624192B2 (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2023-04-11 | Champion Link International Corporation | Panel and method for producing a panel |
EP3939758A1 (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-01-19 | Aviplast WFC B.V. | Plastic and wood fiber based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing said plastic and wood fiber based composite product |
WO2022013379A3 (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-02-24 | Aviplast Wfc B.V. | Plastic and wood fiber based composite product and method and apparatus for manufacturing said plastic and wood fiber based composite product |
CN114658134A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-06-24 | 中建丝路建设投资有限公司 | Self-locking joint for assembly type structure, assembly type wallboard and mounting method of assembly type wallboard |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0830424T3 (en) | 2003-02-24 |
ATE274555T1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
US6929841B1 (en) | 2005-08-16 |
EP1172404A1 (en) | 2002-01-16 |
EP1172404B1 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
ATE226609T1 (en) | 2002-11-15 |
EP0830424A1 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
DE69528669T2 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
WO1996034045A1 (en) | 1996-10-31 |
DE69528669D1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
DE69533432D1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
EP0830424B1 (en) | 2002-10-23 |
ES2225404T3 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
DE69533432T2 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
AU2319695A (en) | 1996-11-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1172404B1 (en) | Plastic-based composite product and method for manufacturing same | |
US5738935A (en) | Process to make a composite of controllable porosity | |
US5866264A (en) | Renewable surface for extruded synthetic wood material | |
EP0918603B1 (en) | Resin and wood fiber composite profile extrusion method | |
US6498205B1 (en) | Extrusion of synthetic wood material using thermoplastic material in powder form | |
CA2153659C (en) | Extruded synthetic wood composition and method for making same | |
US6210616B1 (en) | Profile extrusion of thermoplastic composites with high filler content | |
US6565348B1 (en) | Extruder for continuously manufacturing composites of polymer and cellulosic fibres | |
EP2069127B1 (en) | A die system and a process for extruding cellular, foamed, cellulosic fibrous-polymer composition | |
US20050087904A1 (en) | Manufacture of extruded synthetic wood structural materials | |
US6890633B2 (en) | Process for the continuous production of a preform mat, and a preform and its use | |
WO2001045915A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for forming composite material and composite material therefrom | |
CN102307723A (en) | Wood-plastic composites utilizing ionomer capstocks and methods of manufacture | |
HU211426B (en) | Shaped-body from injection-moulded or extruded plastic waste and method for producing same | |
DE4330860C2 (en) | Process for the production of a flat semi-finished product from glass mat-reinforced propylene polymers | |
EP0668142B1 (en) | Method for coextrusion thermoformable panels | |
CN100351292C (en) | A composition for making extruded shapes and a method for making such composition | |
US7713460B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for manufacturing of plastic-based composite product | |
US20060073319A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for making products from polymer wood fiber composite | |
Wang et al. | Wheat-straw-HDPE composite produced by the hot-pressing method | |
DE60112722T2 (en) | METHOD FOR PRODUCING IMPACT PROTECTION PANELS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS PROCESS | |
CA2258691C (en) | Resin and wood fiber composite profile extrusion method | |
CA2316057A1 (en) | Profile extrusion of thermoplastic composites with high filler content | |
JP2005256316A (en) | Log house type structure, and component member therefor |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |