EP0178510A2 - Device for delivering sand to coasts - Google Patents

Device for delivering sand to coasts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0178510A2
EP0178510A2 EP85112201A EP85112201A EP0178510A2 EP 0178510 A2 EP0178510 A2 EP 0178510A2 EP 85112201 A EP85112201 A EP 85112201A EP 85112201 A EP85112201 A EP 85112201A EP 0178510 A2 EP0178510 A2 EP 0178510A2
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Prior art keywords
components
curvature
throat
profile
cross
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EP85112201A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0178510B1 (en
EP0178510A3 (en
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Günter Henkel
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours

Definitions

  • Shore fortifications, surf damping devices, breakwaters, retaining walls, groynes or the like are known, as are prefabricated elements for the production of these or similar structures.
  • the main purpose of these known structures is to achieve erosion in the coastal area, especially on beaches, dunes, etc.
  • Sands and other deposits for land reclamation sometimes occur to a very limited extent, but such structures are unsuitable for land reclamation.
  • the drifting of islands cannot be prevented, so that the best possible protection of the existing shores is always in the foreground.
  • sinkers Because of the rapid flow caused by the body shape, such sinkers are not suitable for targeted sanding and sanding, although occasionally small deposits can be found behind such sinkers.
  • the known sinkers are also not applicable to beaches and other economically used coastal areas. They therefore do not affect the idea of the invention.
  • the invention is based on the object, by means of a device in the coastal area, a targeted deposition, i.e. above all to achieve a shipping.
  • the device according to the invention is arranged in the coastal area near the water surface, so that the water flowing against the coast flows over the artificial reef. It has been found that, depending on the slope and nature of the bank and the location of the artificial reef, deposits occur both in front of and behind the reef. These deposits occur in such large quantities that significant land reclamation takes place.
  • the surfaces of the artificial reef sloping from the upper profile edge are formed keel-shaped and that the throat on the front facing the open water goes down into a contour of convex curvature, to which a profile edge forming a support foot connects.
  • the device according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for protecting beaches and dunes, but in particular for land reclamation in these areas.
  • the desired effect is more pronounced in storms or storm surges.
  • the shape and design of the artificial reef even allow it to be arranged in the area of bathing beaches without there being any danger to beach visitors.
  • the device does not pose any danger to offshore shipping anyway. As a precaution, however, receiving openings for priggen and other shipping signs can be provided on the upper edge of the device.
  • an artificial reef To form an artificial reef, several structures 1 are placed in rows next to one another on the sea floor below the water surface 2. For safe positioning, a deposit on a base 4 made of a steel mesh, a wire mesh or another suitable material can be provided in adaptation to the base 3.
  • the structures to form the artificial reef can be deposited plane-parallel on the seabed 3, as shown on the left in FIG. 1, or with a certain inclination against the flow direction 5 of the water against the coast.
  • the part joints 6 To connect the structures 1 to one another, it is recommended that the part joints 6 be offset, as can be seen from the plan view in FIG. 2, so that shoulder projections prevent the structures 1 from being displaced relative to one another transversely to the longitudinal direction of the artificial reef.
  • a straight section 11 can be provided at the transition of the throat 9 into the counter-curvature 10, as is indicated in FIG. 1.
  • the most effective curvatures for the throat 9 and the counter-curvature 10 and for the formation of the section 11 can advantageously be determined empirically in each individual case in adaptation to the flow conditions and the local installation conditions.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 schematically show further forms of embodiment for achieving the cavity 13 under the component 1 and for forming the support feet 12 which cause this cavity.
  • FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional profile which is particularly suitable if a weight-saving design is to be achieved. Reinforcements within the component 1 can ensure sufficient rigidity.
  • the components are advantageously produced from a suitable concrete mixture which is suitable for arrangement under water. From the drawing examples in connection with the description it follows that the arc shapes of the cross-sectional profile shown also have other degrees of curvature up to slightly curved to stretched forward, especially in partial areas, as has already been mentioned in the introduction.
  • mat underlays e.g. Fills or debris with rubble, concrete, or solid foundations.

Abstract

1. Artificial reef for sanding coasts, which is assembled transverse to the main direction of current beneath the water surface (2) from prefabricated components (1) with a triangular cross-sectional profile, of which one profile edge (8) is directed upwardly, characterized in that the upper profile edge (8) is sharp-edged and the surfaces falling away therefrom are fluted, the flute (9) on the front side facing the open water merging below into a contour of convex curvature (10), on which there is a profile edge forming a support foot (12).

Description

Bekannt sind Uferbefestigungen, Vorrichtungen zur Brandungsdämpfung, Wellenbrecher, Stützwände, Buhnen oder dgl. sowie vorgefertigte Elemente zur Herstellung dieser oder ähnlicher Bauwerke. Vorwiegend wird mit diesen Bauwerken bekannter Art der Zweck verfolgt, Erosionen im Küstenbereich, vor allem an Stränden, Dünen usw. zu erreichen. In einem sehr begrenzten Umfang treten zuweilen auch Ansandungen und andere Ablagerungen zur Landgewinnung auf, jedoch sind solche Bauwerke für die Landgewinnung ungeeignet. Das Abdriften von Inseln kann damit nicht verhindert werden, so daß der bestmögliche Schutz des vorhandenen Gestades stets im Vordergrund steht. Besonders bewährt haben sich Senkkörper in der Form bekannter Tetrapoden, die als Wellenbrecher und Brandungsdämpfer in das Wasser gesenkt auf dem Grund im Wasser vor der Küste lagern. Wegen der durch die Körperform entstehenden Strömungsschnellen sind solche Senkkörper zur gezielten Versandung und Ansandung nicht geeignet, obwohl hin und wieder geringe Ablagerungen hinter solchen Senkkörpern festzustellen sind. Die bekannten Senkkörper sind außerdem an Badestränden und anderen wirtschaftlich genutzten Küstenflächen nicht anwendbar. Sie berühren den Erfindungsgedanken daher nicht.Shore fortifications, surf damping devices, breakwaters, retaining walls, groynes or the like are known, as are prefabricated elements for the production of these or similar structures. The main purpose of these known structures is to achieve erosion in the coastal area, especially on beaches, dunes, etc. Sands and other deposits for land reclamation sometimes occur to a very limited extent, but such structures are unsuitable for land reclamation. The drifting of islands cannot be prevented, so that the best possible protection of the existing shores is always in the foreground. Sinking bodies in the form of well-known tetrapods, which are lowered into the water as breakwaters and surf dampers, have proven particularly successful. Because of the rapid flow caused by the body shape, such sinkers are not suitable for targeted sanding and sanding, although occasionally small deposits can be found behind such sinkers. The known sinkers are also not applicable to beaches and other economically used coastal areas. They therefore do not affect the idea of the invention.

Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, durch eine Vorrichtung im ufernahen Küstenbereich eine gezielte Ablagerung, d.h. vor allem eine Versandung zu erreichen.In contrast, the invention is based on the object, by means of a device in the coastal area, a targeted deposition, i.e. above all to achieve a shipping.

Im Gegensatz zu bekannten Brandungsdämpfern und Wellenbrechern wird die Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung im ufernahen Küstenbereich unter der Wasserspiegelfläche angeordnet, so daß das gegen die Küste strömende Wasser über das künstliche Riff hinwegfließt. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß je nach Neigung und Beschaffenheit des Gestades und nach Lage des künstlichen Riffs Ablagerungen sowohl vor als auch hinter dem Riff stattfinden. Diese Ablagerungen treten dabei in so großen Mengen auf, daß eine nennenswerte Landgewinnung erfolgt. Bei einer besonderen konstruktiven Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, daß die von der oberen Profilkante abfallenden Flächen des künstlichen Riffs kielförmig ausgebildet sind und daß die Kehle an der dem offenen Wasser zugekehrten Vorderseite nach unten in eine Kontur konvexer Krümmung übergeht, an die sich eine einen Stützfuß bildende Profilkante anschließt. Diese Ausbildung führt zu einer besonderen Strömung an der in Anströmrichtung vorderen Seite des künstlichen Riffs, daß die Abreißkante in besonderer Weise wirksam wird. Die Ablagerungen sowohl vor als auch hinter dem Riff werden dadurch erheblich verstärkt, wie Modellversuche inzwischen bestätigt haben. Zurückzuführen ist dies darauf, daß durch den Strömungsabriß eine Verwirbelung und dadurch eine beträchtliche Geschwindigkeitsreduzierung eintritt, so daß die mitgeführten Feststoffe, insbesondere Sand, niedergeschlagen werden und sich auf dem Grund ablagern. Die Herstellung des künstlichen Riffs aus vorgefertigten Bauelementen ermöglicht die Anordnung des künstlichen Riffs an beliebigen Stellen in beliebiger Länge durch einfaches Aneinanderreihen solcher vorgefertigten Bauelemente. Auch mehrere künstliche Riffs könnten in Reihen hintereinander quer zur Strömungsrichtung des Wassers gegen die Küste angeordnet werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß bei einer entsprechenden Höhe der erzielten Ansandung ein neues künstliches Riff auf die erzielte Ansandung aufgesetzt werden kann. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eignet sich daher besonders zum Schutz von Stränden und Dünen, insbesondere aber zur Landgewinnung in diesen Bereichen. Die angestrebte Wirkung tritt verstärkt bei Sturm oder Sturmfluten ein. Selbst bei unerwarteter Strömungsänderung durch Veränderung der Wetterlage verbleiben die aufgewirbelten Ablagerungen im Bereich des künstlichen Riffs und werden nicht wieder fortgeschwemmt. Form und Ausführungsart des künstlichen Riffs erlauben sogar die Anordnung im Bereich von Badestränden, ohne daß eine Gefahr für die Strandbesucher.besteht. Eine Gefahr für die küstennahe Schiffahrt stellt die Vorrichtung ohnehin nicht dar. Vorsorglich können jedoch an der Oberkante der Vorrichtung Aufnahmeöffnungen für Priggen und andere Schiffahrtszeichen vorgesehen sein.In contrast to known surf dampers and breakwaters, the device according to the invention is arranged in the coastal area near the water surface, so that the water flowing against the coast flows over the artificial reef. It has been found that, depending on the slope and nature of the bank and the location of the artificial reef, deposits occur both in front of and behind the reef. These deposits occur in such large quantities that significant land reclamation takes place. In a particular constructive embodiment it is provided that the surfaces of the artificial reef sloping from the upper profile edge are formed keel-shaped and that the throat on the front facing the open water goes down into a contour of convex curvature, to which a profile edge forming a support foot connects. This formation leads to a special flow on the front side of the artificial reef in the inflow direction that the tear-off edge is particularly effective. The deposits both before as well as behind the reef are significantly strengthened, as model tests have now confirmed. This is due to the fact that the stall causes a turbulence and thereby a considerable reduction in speed, so that the entrained solids, in particular sand, are precipitated and are deposited on the bottom. The production of the artificial reef from prefabricated components enables the arrangement of the artificial reef at any point in any length by simply stringing together such prefabricated components. Several artificial reefs could also be arranged in rows one behind the other, transverse to the direction of flow of the water against the coast. Another advantage is that with a corresponding amount of sanding achieved, a new artificial reef can be placed on the sanding achieved. The device according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for protecting beaches and dunes, but in particular for land reclamation in these areas. The desired effect is more pronounced in storms or storm surges. Even if the flow changes unexpectedly due to changes in the weather, the swirled deposits remain in the area of the artificial reef and are not washed away again. The shape and design of the artificial reef even allow it to be arranged in the area of bathing beaches without there being any danger to beach visitors. The device does not pose any danger to offshore shipping anyway. As a precaution, however, receiving openings for priggen and other shipping signs can be provided on the upper edge of the device.

Auf der Zeichnung sind einige Ausführungsformen schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 schematisch den Aufbau eines künstlichen Riffs in Seitenansicht,
  • Figur 2 eine Draufsicht auf einen Teilbereich eines künstlichen Riffs,
  • Figur 3 einen Teilschnitt nach der Linie 111 bis III der Figur 2 und
  • Figuren verschiedene Profilformen für den 4 bis 6 Querschnitt der Baukörper.
Some embodiments are shown schematically in the drawing. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of the structure of an artificial reef,
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a partial area of an artificial reef,
  • 3 shows a partial section along the line 111 to III of Figure 2 and
  • Figures different profile shapes for the 4 to 6 cross section of the building.

Zur Bildung eines künstlichen Riffs werden mehrere Baukörper 1 in Reihen nebeneinander auf dem Meeresgrund unterhalb der Wasseroberfläche 2 abgelegt. Zur sicheren Positionierung kann in Anpassung an den Untergrund 3 eine Ablagerung auf einer Unterlage 4 aus einem Stahlgewebe, einem Drahtgeflecht oder einem anderen geeigneten Werkstoff vorgesehen sein. Die Ablage der Baukörper zur Bildung des künstlichen Riffs kann planparallel auf dem Meeresboden 3 erfolgen, wie es links in der Figur 1 dargestellt ist oder auch mit einer gewissen Anstellung gegen die Strömungsrichtung 5 des Wassers gegen die Küste. Zur Verbindung der Baukörper 1 untereinander empfiehlt sich die versetzte Ausbildung der Teilfugen 6, wie es aus der Draufsicht in Figur 2 hervorgeht, so daß Schultervorsprünge die Verschiebung der Baukörper 1 gegeneinander quer zur Längsrichtung des künstlichen Riffs verhindern. Außerdem ist es vorteilhaft, im Bereich dieser Teilfugen der Bauelemente Vorsprünge und korrespondierende Ausnehmungen mit geneigten unteren Begrenzungsflächen 7 auszubilden, auf denen die Bauelemente 1 durch ihr Eigengewicht zusammenhaltend belastet werden, wie es schematisch in der Figur 3 angedeutet ist. Für das Querschnittsprofil der Bauelemente 1 empfiehlt sich eine spiegelbildliche Ausbildung, wie sie beispielsweise in den Figuren 4 bis 6 dargestellt ist. Gezeigt wird ein dreieckförmiges Querschnittsprofil mit einer nach oben gerichteten Spitze 8, die die Abreißkante der Strömung beim überströmen des künstlichen Riffs bildet. Von dieser oberen Abreißkante 8 ist das Querschnittsprofil nach beiden Seiten abfallend mit einer Kehle 9 ausgebildet, die nach unten mittelbar oder unmittelbar allmählich in eine konvexe Gegenkrümmung 10 übergeht. Obwohl die angestrebte Wirkung bereits bei einer stetigen Krümmung der Kehle 9 eintritt, empfiehlt sich, wenigstens auf der in Strömung vorderen Seite eine Kehle auszubilden, deren Krümmung nach oben zur Abreißkante 8 geringer wird. Auf der gegenüberliegenden Rückseite kommt der vorgegebenen Krümmung in der Kehle 9 und in der Gegenkrümmung 10 keine so entscheidende Bedeutung bei, so daß hier ein weiterer Spielraum für die Gestaltung vorhanden ist. Aus Gründen einer ökonomischen Herstellung empfiehlt sich jedoch die spiegelbildliche Ausbildung. Am übergang der Kehle 9 in die Gegenkrümmung 10 kann ein gerades Teilstück 11 vorgesehen sein, wie es in Figur 1 angedeutet ist. Die wirksamsten Krümmungen für die Kehle 9 und die Gegenkrümmung 10 und für die Ausbildung des-Teilstückes 11 sind in Anpassung an die Strömungsverhältnisse und an die örtlichen Einbauverhältnisse vorteilhaft in jedem Einzelfalle empirisch zu ermitteln. Die Gegenkrümmungen 10 gehen mit ihrem unteren Auslauf in eine Profilkante eines Stützfußes 12 über, so daß unter dem Bauelement 1 ein Hohlraum 13 gebildet ist, wenn das Bauelement auf den Grund abgesenkt wird. Diese Ausbildung bewirkt eine festere Lage auf dem Grund unter der Wasseroberfläche. Die Figuren 5 und 6 zeigen schematisch weitere Ausbildungsformen zur Erzielung des Hohlraumes 13 unter dem Bauelement 1 und zur Bildung der diesen Hohlraum bewirkenden Stützfüße 12. Die Figur 6 zeigt dabei ein Querschnittsprofil, welches sich besonders eignet, wenn eine gewichtssparende Ausbildung erzielt werden soll. Armierungen innerhalb des Bauelementes 1 können dabei für eine hinreichende Steifigkeit sorgen. Die Herstellung der Bauelemente erfolgt vorteilhaft aus einer geeigneten Betonmischung, die für die Anordnung unter Wasser geeignet ist. Aus den Zeichnungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit der Beschreibung ergibt sich, daß die dargestellten Bogenformen des Querschnittsprofils auch andere Krümmungsgrade bis hin zu schwach gekrümmtem bis gestrecktem Vorlauf, vor allem in Teilbereichen, wie es schon einleitend erwähnt worden ist.To form an artificial reef, several structures 1 are placed in rows next to one another on the sea floor below the water surface 2. For safe positioning, a deposit on a base 4 made of a steel mesh, a wire mesh or another suitable material can be provided in adaptation to the base 3. The structures to form the artificial reef can be deposited plane-parallel on the seabed 3, as shown on the left in FIG. 1, or with a certain inclination against the flow direction 5 of the water against the coast. To connect the structures 1 to one another, it is recommended that the part joints 6 be offset, as can be seen from the plan view in FIG. 2, so that shoulder projections prevent the structures 1 from being displaced relative to one another transversely to the longitudinal direction of the artificial reef. It is also advantageous to have projections and corresponding recesses with inclined lower boundary surfaces 7 in the area of these parting lines of the components form on which the components 1 are held together by their own weight, as is indicated schematically in FIG. 3. For the cross-sectional profile of the components 1, a mirror-image formation is recommended, as is shown, for example, in FIGS. 4 to 6. Shown is a triangular cross-sectional profile with an upward point 8, which forms the tear-off edge of the flow when flowing over the artificial reef. From this upper tear-off edge 8, the cross-sectional profile is designed to drop off on both sides with a groove 9, which passes indirectly or immediately gradually downwards into a convex counter-curvature 10. Although the desired effect already occurs with a constant curvature of the throat 9, it is advisable to form a throat at least on the front side in the flow, the curvature of which becomes smaller towards the tear-off edge 8. On the opposite back, the given curvature in the throat 9 and in the counter-curvature 10 is not so important, so that there is further scope for the design. For economic production reasons, however, the mirror image training is recommended. A straight section 11 can be provided at the transition of the throat 9 into the counter-curvature 10, as is indicated in FIG. 1. The most effective curvatures for the throat 9 and the counter-curvature 10 and for the formation of the section 11 can advantageously be determined empirically in each individual case in adaptation to the flow conditions and the local installation conditions. The counter-curvatures 10 go with their lower outlet into a profile edge of a support foot 12, so that under the component 1 Cavity 13 is formed when the component is lowered to the bottom. This training creates a firmer position on the ground below the water surface. FIGS. 5 and 6 schematically show further forms of embodiment for achieving the cavity 13 under the component 1 and for forming the support feet 12 which cause this cavity. FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional profile which is particularly suitable if a weight-saving design is to be achieved. Reinforcements within the component 1 can ensure sufficient rigidity. The components are advantageously produced from a suitable concrete mixture which is suitable for arrangement under water. From the drawing examples in connection with the description it follows that the arc shapes of the cross-sectional profile shown also have other degrees of curvature up to slightly curved to stretched forward, especially in partial areas, as has already been mentioned in the introduction.

Für die Erhöhung der Standfestigkeit der Bauelemente sind auch andere Vorkehrungen als Mattenunterlagen verwendbar, z.B. Unterschüttungen oder Einschüttungen mit Geröll, Beton, oder auch feste Fundamentierungen.To increase the stability of the components, other measures can also be used as mat underlays, e.g. Fills or debris with rubble, concrete, or solid foundations.

Claims (8)

1. Vorrichtung zur Ansandung an Küsten, gekennzeichnet durch ein künstliches Riff aus vorgefertigten Bauelementen (1), welches im Querschnittsprofil mit einer nach oben gerichteten Profilkante (8) vorzugsweise dreieckförmig ausgebildet und quer zur Hauptströmungsrichtung unter der Wasseroberfläche (2) angeordnet ist.1. Device for sanding on coasts, characterized by an artificial reef made of prefabricated components (1), which is preferably triangular in cross-sectional profile with an upward profile edge (8) and is arranged transversely to the main flow direction below the water surface (2). 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von der oberen Profilkante (8) abfallenden Flächen des Riffs kehlförmig ausgebildet und daß die Kehle (9) an der dem offenen Wasser zugekehrten Vorderseite nach unten in eine Kontur konvexer Krümmung (10) übergeht, an die sich eine einen Stützfuß (12) bildende Profilkante anschließt.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces of the reef sloping from the upper profile edge (8) sloping and that the throat (9) at the open water facing front down into a contour of convex curvature (10) , which is followed by a profile edge forming a support leg (12). 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bauelemente (1) mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 zu einer durch die obere Profilkante gelegten Mittelebene spiegelbildlich symmetrisch ausgebildet sind.3. Device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the components (1) with the features of claim 1 to one by the upper profile edge of the center plane are mirror-symmetrical. 4. Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bauelemente ein asymmetrisches Querschnittsprofil aufweisen.4. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the components have an asymmetrical cross-sectional profile. 5. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Krümmung der Kehle (9) des Querschnittsprofils von unten nach oben abnimmt.5. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the curvature of the throat (9) of the cross-sectional profile decreases from the bottom to the top. 6. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kehle (9) strakend in die Gegenkrümmung des Querschnittsprofils übergeht.6. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the throat (9) merges into the counter-curvature of the cross-sectional profile. 7. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der Kehle (9) und der Gegenkrümmung (10) ein ebener Flächenbereich (11) eingestrakt ist.7. The device according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that between the throat (9) and the counter-curvature (10) a flat surface area (11) is traced. 8. Vorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an den Teilfugen (6) der Bauelemente (1) Vorsprün- . ge und korrespondierende Ausnehmungen mit geneigten unteren Begrenzungsflächen (7) vorgesehen sind, auf denen die Bauelemente (1) durch ihr Eigengewicht zusammenhaltend belastet werden.8. The device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the joints (6) of the components (1) projections. ge and corresponding recesses with inclined lower boundary surfaces (7) are provided, on which the components (1) are held together by their own weight.
EP19850112201 1984-10-18 1985-09-26 Device for delivering sand to coasts Expired EP0178510B1 (en)

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DE19843438204 DE3438204A1 (en) 1984-10-18 1984-10-18 DEVICE FOR SANDING ON COAST
DE3438204 1984-10-18

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EP0178510A2 true EP0178510A2 (en) 1986-04-23
EP0178510A3 EP0178510A3 (en) 1986-12-30
EP0178510B1 EP0178510B1 (en) 1989-08-30

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FR2598162A1 (en) * 1986-04-30 1987-11-06 Staempfli Alexandre Rib for reinforcing crumbly ground
US4818141A (en) * 1984-12-24 1989-04-04 Rauch Hans G Prefabricated erosion prevention wall
US5102257A (en) * 1990-03-30 1992-04-07 Richard E. Creter Breakwater
US5267812A (en) * 1991-03-30 1993-12-07 Hazama Corporation Upwelling-generating structure
EP0823512A2 (en) * 1996-08-09 1998-02-11 Soken Kogyo Co., Ltd. Beach nourish work on shore using bed for wave dissipation having lattice frame and contruction method thereof
US5924820A (en) * 1997-02-26 1999-07-20 Creter; Richard E. Anti-scour device and method for scour prevention
WO2000008260A1 (en) * 1998-08-07 2000-02-17 Alethea Rosalind Melanie Hall Method of forming an artificial reef unit
CN109267533A (en) * 2018-11-08 2019-01-25 浙江省水利河口研究院 The gaza's device being layered under water for estuary coast silt physical model
US11359345B2 (en) * 2020-05-07 2022-06-14 Hercules Eco, LLC Sediment control system

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DE3624009A1 (en) * 1986-07-16 1988-01-28 Hupfeld Beton Gmbh & Co Coastal protection element

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US4818141A (en) * 1984-12-24 1989-04-04 Rauch Hans G Prefabricated erosion prevention wall
FR2598162A1 (en) * 1986-04-30 1987-11-06 Staempfli Alexandre Rib for reinforcing crumbly ground
US5102257A (en) * 1990-03-30 1992-04-07 Richard E. Creter Breakwater
US5393169A (en) * 1990-03-30 1995-02-28 Richard E. Creter Breakwater
US5267812A (en) * 1991-03-30 1993-12-07 Hazama Corporation Upwelling-generating structure
EP0823512A3 (en) * 1996-08-09 1998-12-30 Soken Kogyo Co., Ltd. Beach nourish work on shore using bed for wave dissipation having lattice frame and contruction method thereof
EP0823512A2 (en) * 1996-08-09 1998-02-11 Soken Kogyo Co., Ltd. Beach nourish work on shore using bed for wave dissipation having lattice frame and contruction method thereof
US5941661A (en) * 1996-08-09 1999-08-24 Soken Kogyo Co., Ltd. Beach nourish work on shore using bed for wave dissipation having lattice frame and construction method thereof
US5924820A (en) * 1997-02-26 1999-07-20 Creter; Richard E. Anti-scour device and method for scour prevention
WO2000008260A1 (en) * 1998-08-07 2000-02-17 Alethea Rosalind Melanie Hall Method of forming an artificial reef unit
AU759667B2 (en) * 1998-08-07 2003-04-17 Alethea Rosalind Melanie Hall Method of forming an artificial reef unit
US6565283B1 (en) 1998-08-07 2003-05-20 Alethea Rosalind Melanie Hall Artificial reef unit and method of forming the same
CN109267533A (en) * 2018-11-08 2019-01-25 浙江省水利河口研究院 The gaza's device being layered under water for estuary coast silt physical model
CN109267533B (en) * 2018-11-08 2024-02-06 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) Sand adding device for underwater layering of estuary coastal sediment physical model
US11359345B2 (en) * 2020-05-07 2022-06-14 Hercules Eco, LLC Sediment control system

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EP0178510B1 (en) 1989-08-30
DE3438204A1 (en) 1986-04-24
EP0178510A3 (en) 1986-12-30

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