CN1047638A - 不锈钢螺柱焊焊接方法 - Google Patents
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0288—Welding studs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/20—Stud welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
- B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
Abstract
一种将不锈钢栓塞焊在碳钢或低合金钢构件上,使其间形成韧性良好的焊缝的方法。钢构件的铬当量和镍当量是定值,而不锈钢栓塞应含有这样的铬当量的镍当量,使得它在螺柱焊的过程中被构件钢稀释时,在焊成的焊缝组织中生成奥氏体加铁素体的组织,从而把这种特定的不锈钢栓塞用螺柱焊焊在钢构件上。
Description
本发明涉及将不锈钢栓塞焊在碳钢或低合金钢构件上的螺柱焊方法,目的是使焊缝具有良好的韧性。
螺柱焊是把金属栓塞焊接在构件(例如金属板)上的技术名称。螺柱焊中特别有用的工艺方法是电弧螺柱焊,在栓塞基面(或端部)与工件之间引发电弧使它们加热而把这两个构件焊接在一起。在两件构件加热到适当的温度之后(例如采用螺柱焊接喷枪),由于栓塞和另一个构件(或母材)的一部分熔化,这两件就在压力下结合在一起。用电弧焊方法焊接的最常用的栓塞材料是低碳钢、不锈钢和铝。通常,在这种焊接过程中,栓塞的不锈钢熔融液要被焊缝中母材的碳钢或低合金钢熔融液所稀释,稀释成分的含量按重量比约为20~50%。
虽然按照常规,不锈钢的栓塞(一般为304不锈钢)可以和碳钢或低合金钢的板焊接,但总是存在焊缝缺乏韧性的问题。由于缺乏韧性,就不符合某些常规试验的标准,例如,美国机械工程师学会(ASME)标准第9章192。1节,锅炉与压力容器标准中弯曲15°再重新伸直的试验。美国焊接学会(AWS)7.6。5节的D1。1弯曲试验的要求则比美国机械工程师学会标准的要求还要严格得多,所以不锈钢栓塞与碳钢母材的常规焊接不可能达到这个标准。
本发明的目的就是提供一种不锈钢栓塞与碳钢或低合金钢构件螺柱焊的方法,这种方法使焊缝金属具有良好的韧性。
所以,本发明属于不锈钢栓塞与碳钢或低合金构件的螺柱焊,并可在两者之间产生韧性良好的焊缝,上述钢构件的成分含有一定的铬当量和镍当量,这一方法的特征在于,选择一种成分中含有这样的铬当量和镍当量的不锈钢栓塞,使它在螺柱焊中被上述钢构件的成分所稀释时,在焊后的组织中具有奥氏体加铁素体的组织;并且上述不锈钢栓塞与上述钢构件是这样焊接的,即在栓塞金属与钢构件金属混合后,焊缝金属在焊后的焊缝组织中是奥氏体和铁索体组织,因而,在栓塞与构件之间焊成韧性良好的焊缝。
下面参照附图中作为例子用的最佳实施例进行说明,就能进一步了解本发明。附图中:
图1是模仿舍夫勒组织图的一种铁-铬-镍成份的铬当量与镍当量关系曲线图,它表示用常规的不锈钢栓塞进行螺柱焊所形成的常规的螺柱焊焊缝的成份。
图2是模仿舍夫勒组织图的一种铁-铬-镍成份的铬当量与镍当量的关系曲线图,它表示本发明的不锈钢栓塞与碳钢构件螺柱焊的成份。
图3是和图1相同的铁-铬-镍成份的铬当量与镍当量关系曲线图,它表示本发明的不锈钢栓塞与低合金钢构件螺柱焊的成份。
在本发明的方法中,由于采用了专门规定的化学成份的奥氏体材料,这种材料能在焊成的焊缝组织中生成奥氏体加铁素体显微组织,所以,能在不锈钢栓塞和碳钢或低合金钢构件之间产生韧性良好的焊缝,在上述奥氏体加铁素体的显微组织中,由于组织中的成份被碳钢或低合金钢构件中的成份所稀释而保持了韧性。
按照本发明,焊上不锈钢栓塞的构件由碳钢或低合金钢制成。压力容器用的碳钢的含碳量的重量比不超过0.4%,除了碳之外,它还含有少量的硅、锰,以及从炼钢过程中所用的原料和燃料中所得来的磷和硫。在本说明书中所使用的“低合金钢”这一术语的含义是指1983年版,美国机械工程师学会的锅炉与压力容器标准中第1部分第Ⅷ章UCS-23表(258~264页)中所说的那种含有合金组成份的钢,其中规定了碳钢和低合金钢的最大允许拉应力值。
焊在碳钢或低合金钢构件上的栓塞由奥氏体不锈钢制成,这种不锈钢含铬的重量比一般超过18%,含镍的重量比至少8%。
按照本发明,要决定碳钢或低合金钢构件的铬当量和镍当量,并且不锈钢栓塞应该有这样的铬当量和镍当量,使得它在螺柱焊时因钢构件的稀释作用而能在焊成的焊缝中生成奥氏体加铁素体的组织。为了达到本发明的目的,铬当量的值应由下列公式来表示:
铬当量=铬%+钼%+1.5×硅%+0.5×钴%
而镍当量的值由下列公式表示:
镍当量=镍%+30×碳%+0.5×锰%
螺柱焊时,栓塞端部的熔融金属被它所焊在其上的构件的熔融金属所稀释。这种稀释作用按重量比通常大约在(20~50)%的范围内,更普通的是在(20~40)%的范围内,按重量比30%的稀释作用则是最典型的。而且,本发明只涉及在焊缝中不加入其它金属的螺柱焊,在其焊成的焊缝中只含有栓塞中的金属和栓塞焊在上面的钢构件的金属。
用于焊在碳钢上的螺柱焊的标准奥氏体钢栓塞是美国钢铁学会的304号钢(AISI304)。为了说明,请参看图1,设碳钢的铬当量为0.45,而镍当量为7.8(X点)。对于304号的奥氏体钢栓塞,铬当量可设为20,镍当量可设为11。3(Y点)。假定稀释作用为30%(Z点),焊成的焊缝就是脆性的奥氏体加马氏体组织。而在技术文献中曾多次重复说明,要求奥氏体焊缝组织是奥氏体加δ铁素体。
现在再参看图2,此图说明应用本发明的方法把不锈钢栓塞焊在碳钢构件上的螺柱焊可以焊成韧性良好的焊缝。为了说明起见,设碳钢的铬当量为〔0+0+(1.5×0.3+0)=0.45〕,而镍当量为〔0+30×0.25)+0.5×0.8)=7.8〕(X点)。如图中所示,如果采用铬当量为32而镍当量为12.7(Y点)的奥氏体不锈钢栓塞,并假设不锈钢栓塞金属被碳钢金属的稀释程度为30%,则焊成的焊缝在组织上就是奥氏体加铁素体,因而韧性良好(Z点)。焊成的焊缝中的奥氏体加铁素体这种组成正好落在图中由abcd线所围成的区域内。
图3说明本发明方法用于把不锈钢栓塞焊在低合金钢构件上的螺柱焊的情形。为说明起见,低合金钢的组成分中合金含量是铬2.25%,钼1%,它的铬当量为4,而镍当量为5(X点)。如果所使用的奥氏体不锈钢栓塞的铬当量为32而镍当量为12.7(Y点),在30%的稀释作用下,所得的焊缝在组织上就是奥氏体加铁素体,因而韧性良好(Z点)。同样,焊成的焊缝中的组成分也落在abcd线所围成的区域中,其组织是奥氏体加铁素体。
通常的市售不锈钢材料,凡是具有足够的铬与镍当量的比例的,都能因碳钢或低合金钢的大约30%左右的稀释作用而生成奥氏体加铁素体的韧性良好的螺栓焊焊缝。例如,一种按重量比含铬约为29%,含镍约为9%的奥氏体不锈钢做的栓塞,例如美国机械工程师学会(ASME SFA5.9中的312号钢(ER312型)或与此相当的锻制材料,就能获得所要求的金相组织的焊缝,具有足够的韧性和能够通过上面提到的弯曲试验。如果稀释作用的百分比超过了30%,需要较高的铬当量才能获得所需要的化学成分时,则可以为此制造一种化学成分经过选择的312号不锈钢,或者研制一种特殊化学成分的不锈钢。
综上所述,本发明提供了一种不锈钢栓塞与碳钢或低合金钢构件进行电弧螺柱焊的方法,在这种方法中,栓塞的化学组成分在经过冶金过程后能在焊成的焊缝中获得经过调整的铬当量与镍当量的比例,从而能获得韧性良好的焊缝组织。
Claims (7)
1、一种将不锈钢栓塞焊在碳钢或低合金钢构件上,并在其间焊成韧性良好的焊缝的螺柱焊焊接方法,上述钢构件含有一定的铬当量和镍当量,其特征在于,不锈钢栓塞的铬当量和镍当量的含量是这样来选择的,就是使它在螺柱焊时因上述钢构件中钢的稀释作用而在焊成的组织中获得奥氏体加铁素体的组织;而且上述不锈钢栓塞是这样焊接在上述钢构件上的,它借助栓塞的金属和钢构件的金属的混合,使得焊缝金属在焊成后的组织中获得奥氏体加铁素体的组织,从而在上述栓塞与上述构件之间获得韧性良好的焊缝。
2、如权利要求1所述的螺柱焊焊接方法,其特征在于,上述不锈钢栓塞所含的铬当量约为32,而镍当量约为12.7。
3、如权利要求1所述的螺柱焊焊接方法,其特征在于,在螺柱焊焊接过程中,上述栓塞的组成分被上述钢构件组成分的释稀程度大约为焊缝中栓塞金属重量的20~50%。
4、如权利要求1所述的螺柱焊焊接方法,其特征在于,上述钢构件由碳钢制成,而上述栓塞则由含铬约29%,含镍约9%的不锈钢制成。
5、如权利要求1所述的螺柱焊焊接方法,其特征在于,上述钢构件由低合金钢制成,而上述栓塞由不锈钢制成。
6、如权利要求1所述的螺柱焊焊接方法,其特征在于,不锈钢栓塞含有这样的铬当量和镍当量,即在螺柱焊中上述柱塞的成分被上述低合金钢构件所稀释,稀释的量约为焊成的焊缝中栓塞材料重量的30~50%,从而因在焊成的焊缝中是奥氏体加铁素体的组织,而在上述栓塞与构件之间产生韧性良好的焊缝。
7、如权利要求6所述的螺柱焊焊接方法,其特征在于,上述不锈钢栓塞所含的铬当量约为32,镍当量约为12.7。
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US07/359,020 US4959518A (en) | 1989-05-30 | 1989-05-30 | Method of welding stainless steel studs |
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KR (1) | KR900017716A (zh) |
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Cited By (3)
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CN101633080B (zh) * | 2009-06-03 | 2011-07-20 | 敦化市亚联机械制造有限公司 | 一种纤维板铺装机用刺辊制造方法 |
CN108044224A (zh) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-05-18 | 青岛武船重工有限公司 | 奥氏体不锈钢螺柱与铁素体结构钢间的电弧螺柱焊方法 |
CN111266713A (zh) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-12 | 武汉一冶钢结构有限责任公司 | 一种超低温304l奥氏体不锈钢焊接用的熔敷金属材料及制备方法 |
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US5618491A (en) * | 1996-02-22 | 1997-04-08 | Trw, Inc. | Studs for boilers and other high temperature applications |
DE19617975C2 (de) * | 1996-05-06 | 2002-01-24 | Udo Franz | Verfahren zum Bolzenschweißen |
US6308882B1 (en) * | 1999-09-13 | 2001-10-30 | Dana Corporation | Method for joining ductile iron and steel |
US7591407B2 (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2009-09-22 | Asi Industrial Services, Llc | Anchor and method for reduced Cr (VI) (hexavalent chromium) exposure in a vessel |
CN101259567B (zh) * | 2008-04-25 | 2010-06-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 采用超声波振动进行多孔结构铝基复合材料塞焊的方法 |
CN101285160B (zh) * | 2008-05-23 | 2010-06-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 焊接铝基复合材料使焊缝区域增强相均匀分布的方法 |
JP5875238B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-16 | 2016-03-02 | 株式会社ダイヘン | 溶接装置 |
JP6329769B2 (ja) | 2014-01-14 | 2018-05-23 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 溶接方法及び補修方法 |
EP3067147B1 (en) | 2015-03-13 | 2020-01-08 | Outokumpu Oyj | Method of welding metal-based non weldable directly to each other materials, using a spacer |
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US3723102A (en) * | 1970-06-15 | 1973-03-27 | Airco Inc | High strength iron-chromium-nickel alloy |
DE2117233B2 (de) * | 1971-04-08 | 1973-03-15 | Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verwendung einer stabilaustenitischen stahllegierung fuer die herstellung von nach dem argonare-verfahren ohne zusatzwerkstoffe warmrissfrei verschweissten gegenstaenden |
CA977586A (en) * | 1972-04-04 | 1975-11-11 | Armco Steel Corporation | Austenitic alloy and weld |
ATA285473A (de) * | 1972-04-24 | 1976-09-15 | Bofors Ab | Austenitisch-ferritischer, nichtrostender stahl mit hoher festigkeit und guter korrosionsbestandigkeit |
US4444589A (en) * | 1981-04-27 | 1984-04-24 | Kubota, Ltd. | Heat resistant alloy excellent in bending property and ductility after aging and its products |
JPS58125396A (ja) * | 1982-01-22 | 1983-07-26 | Hitachi Ltd | オ−ステナイト系溶接構造物 |
JPH0636989B2 (ja) * | 1986-05-14 | 1994-05-18 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | スタツド溶接用部材 |
-
1989
- 1989-05-30 US US07/359,020 patent/US4959518A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-05-11 IT IT20282A patent/IT1239976B/it active IP Right Grant
- 1990-05-29 CN CN90103859A patent/CN1047638A/zh active Pending
- 1990-05-29 CA CA002017759A patent/CA2017759A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-05-29 ES ES9001481A patent/ES2024279A6/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-29 KR KR1019900007791A patent/KR900017716A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-05-30 JP JP2138636A patent/JPH0318480A/ja active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101633080B (zh) * | 2009-06-03 | 2011-07-20 | 敦化市亚联机械制造有限公司 | 一种纤维板铺装机用刺辊制造方法 |
CN108044224A (zh) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-05-18 | 青岛武船重工有限公司 | 奥氏体不锈钢螺柱与铁素体结构钢间的电弧螺柱焊方法 |
CN108044224B (zh) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-06-16 | 青岛武船重工有限公司 | 奥氏体不锈钢螺柱与铁素体结构钢间的电弧螺柱焊方法 |
CN111266713A (zh) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-12 | 武汉一冶钢结构有限责任公司 | 一种超低温304l奥氏体不锈钢焊接用的熔敷金属材料及制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR900017716A (ko) | 1990-12-19 |
US4959518A (en) | 1990-09-25 |
IT1239976B (it) | 1993-11-27 |
IT9020282A0 (it) | 1990-05-11 |
ES2024279A6 (es) | 1992-02-16 |
IT9020282A1 (it) | 1991-11-11 |
CA2017759A1 (en) | 1990-11-30 |
JPH0318480A (ja) | 1991-01-28 |
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