CN101285160B - Process for adequately distributing wild phase in welded seam region by welding aluminum based composite material - Google Patents
Process for adequately distributing wild phase in welded seam region by welding aluminum based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN101285160B CN101285160B CN200810064574XA CN200810064574A CN101285160B CN 101285160 B CN101285160 B CN 101285160B CN 200810064574X A CN200810064574X A CN 200810064574XA CN 200810064574 A CN200810064574 A CN 200810064574A CN 101285160 B CN101285160 B CN 101285160B
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- matrix composite
- aluminum matrix
- welding
- wild phase
- composite material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for uniformly distributing reinforcing phases of a weld zone by welding aluminum matrix composite material, and relates to a method for welding the aluminum matrix composite material. The method solves a problem in the prior art that the reinforcing phases of the weld zone are not distributed uniformly and are difficult to control when the aluminum matrix composite material is welded. The method is as follows: firstly, heating the aluminum matrix composite material, then putting filling materials into a welded seam, heating to be liquid phase, and cooling after ultrasonic processing; secondly, cooling until the solid phase of the weld metal takes 30 to 60 percent of the total volume of the weld metal, then carrying out ultrasonic processing, air cooling to room temperature, and obtaining a welded joint of the aluminum matrix composite material with uniformly distributed reinforcing phases of the weld zone. The reinforcing phases of the weld zone of the joint of the aluminum matrix composite material obtained is uniformly distributed, good in interface bonding, and good in mechanical performance and physical performance. The method opens up a new way for welding the aluminum matrix composite material and lays a good foundation for widely applying the aluminum matrix composite material in the industrial field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for aluminum matrix composite welding.
Background technology
In recent years, because concern to the environment and the energy, aluminum matrix composite is because have high specific tenacity, specific rigidity, good damping and amortization, damping property, and minimum pollution is used in fields such as aerospace, computer manufacturing, automobile industry, network communication engineerings widely so get more and more.When the welding of aluminum based composites, the normal packing material that adds band particle or whisker wild phase comes the joint performance of reinforced aluminum matrix composites at present.But the material of filling tape wild phase is perhaps because the fusing of mother metal or because the solvency action of packing material, wild phase often is present in the middle of the liquid weld metal.Can uniform distribution after if these wild phases in the weld seam solidify, then they will play the effect of strengthening phase, and the performance of joint is improved.On the contrary, wild phase takes place poly-partially or reunites, and will the performance of joint will be reduced greatly.Current, it all is that high temperature melts mother metal that aluminum matrix composite adopts conventional welding process, causes containing in the liquid molten bath a large amount of solid-state wild phases, as SiC or Al
2O
3Particles etc., in the molten pool metal process of setting, because first crystalline solid phase tissue can't be the forming core substrate with these wild phases, thereby wild phase often passed the zone of weld seam final set by solid-liquid interface, forms poly-partially.In addition since with the difference of weld metal proportion, come-up or sedimentation phenomenon also appear in wild phase easily.Finally, the regional poor wild phase that has in the weld seam, the regional wild phase that has is intensive, and joint performance worsens.
And when adopting soldering and instant liquid-phase diffusion welding method welding of aluminum based composites, the liquid phase eutectic often takes place with the matrix Al of mother metal in solder or intermediate layer material, cause the particle in the mother metal to enter into liquid weld seam, particulate passing and poly-partially situation in the melting process when solidifying, often also occur being similar to.Particularly solidification rate is generally slow in these two methods, and poly-partially tendency of particulate and degree are bigger.
In order to improve the over-all properties of joint, obviously, must improve the final distribution of wild phase in weld seam.At present, the melting method mainly is by accelerating solidification rate, to reduce the growth of weld seam matrix metal, thereby reduce the degree that wild phase is passed, yet the welding high temperature that this method had often still makes organizing of matrix metal thicker, and the enhancing skew in the weld seam is poly-not to be solved at all; Soldering and instant liquid-phase diffusion welding are by reducing the wild phase that comprises in the liquid weld seam, to reach the purpose that reduces its poly-partially degree.Yet these two kinds of methods can't obtain the composite weld with wild phase, and strength of joint is not high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to the wild phase skewness and the unmanageable problem of welded seam area when solving existing welding of aluminum based composites, and a kind of welding of aluminum based composites that proposes makes the equally distributed method of welded seam area wild phase.
The welding of aluminum based composites is realized the equally distributed method of welded seam area wild phase according to the following steps: one, aluminum matrix composite is heated, then packing material is filled in the weld seam of aluminum matrix composite, be heated to packing material and become liquid phase, in frequency is that 16～60KHz, amplitude are supersound process 1～10s under the condition of 10～40 μ m, with postcooling; Two, be cooled to that the solid phase of metal accounts for 30%～60% of weld metal cumulative volume in the weld seam, be that 16～60KHz, amplitude are to carry out supersound process 1～6s under the condition of 10～40 μ m in frequency again, air cooling promptly gets the welding joint of the equally distributed aluminum matrix composite of welded seam area wild phase to room temperature; Wherein the aluminum substrate of aluminum matrix composite is pure Al, 2Al2Al, 2014Al, 2024Al, 6061Al, 6063Al, 7075Al, ZL101Al or ZL102Al in the step 1; Packing material is the solder or the welding wire of Al base, Zn base or Sn base alloy in the step 1;
In the step 1 in the aluminum matrix composite wild phase be that mean particle size is SiC, the Al of 0.01～50 μ m
2O
3, TiC, TiB
2, AlN, TiN or ZrO
2Particle, the particle wild phase accounts for 5%～70% of aluminum matrix composite cumulative volume;
Perhaps in the step 1 in the aluminum matrix composite wild phase be that mean sizes is SiC, the Mg of 1～100 μ m
2B
2O
5Or Al
18B
4O
33Whisker, the whisker wild phase accounts for 5%～30% of aluminum matrix composite cumulative volume;
Perhaps wild phase is for being the mixture of 1: 1 blended particle and whisker by volume in the aluminum matrix composite in the step 1, and the mixture of particle and whisker accounts for 10%～50% of aluminum matrix composite cumulative volume.
The solid-liquid phase line temperature of the packing material of the formation temperature of liquid phase and solid phase and aluminum matrix composite to be welded is relevant among the present invention, can regulate and control volume ratio between liquid phase and the solid phase according to the physical properties of welding material by the control formation temperature.
Acoustic cavitation and acoustic streaming effect that the present invention utilizes ultrasonic wave to produce in the liquid phase weld seam disperse wild phase fast, up hill and dale; Refinement matrix in the weld seam process of setting avoids wild phase to be passed on a large scale, solidifies thereby reach original position, and aluminum matrix composite welded seam area wild phase can be evenly distributed.Technology of the present invention is simple, equipment simple, the process cycle is short.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is SiC in the embodiment 14
pThe cross section backscattered electron scintigram of/ZL101Al aluminum matrix composite welding joint.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment welding of aluminum based composites is realized the equally distributed method of welded seam area wild phase according to the following steps: one, aluminum matrix composite is heated, then packing material is filled in the weld seam of aluminum matrix composite, be heated to packing material and become liquid phase, in frequency is that 16～60KHz, amplitude are supersound process 1～10s under the condition of 10～40 μ m, with postcooling; Two, the solid phase that is cooled to weld metal accounts for 30%～60% of weld metal cumulative volume, be that 16～60KHz, amplitude are to carry out supersound process 1～6s under the condition of 10～40 μ m in frequency again, air cooling promptly gets the welding joint of the equally distributed aluminum matrix composite of welded seam area wild phase to room temperature.
Be that wild phase be evenly distributed to the purpose that the liquid phase weld metal carries out supersound process the first time in the present embodiment; For the second time the liquid phase weld metal being carried out supersound process, is the refinement by the butt welded seam matrix, can avoid wild phase seriously to be passed by solid-liquid interface, will make wild phase still keep original uniform distribution state like this.
Ultrasonic vibration in the present embodiment all is to apply from aluminum matrix composite by sonotrodes, can only apply from a side aluminum matrix composite, also can apply simultaneously from the both sides aluminum matrix composite.
Embodiment two: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: the aluminum substrate of aluminum matrix composite is pure Al, 2Al2Al, 2014Al, 2024Al, 6061Al, 6063Al, 7075Al, ZL101Al or ZL102Al in the step 1.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: packing material is solder or welding wire in the step 1.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Packing material all is made up of Al base, Zn base or Sn base alloy and matrix material thereof in the present embodiment.
Embodiment four: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: wild phase is that mean particle size is SiC, the Al of 0.01～50 μ m in the step 1
2O
3, TiC, TiB
2, AlN, TiN or ZrO
2Particle, the particle wild phase accounts for 5%～70% of aluminum matrix composite cumulative volume.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment five: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: in the step 1 in the aluminum matrix composite wild phase be that mean sizes is SiC, the Mg of 1～100 μ m
2B
2O
5Or Al
18B
4O
33Whisker, the whisker wild phase accounts for 5%～30% of aluminum matrix composite cumulative volume.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment six: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: wild phase is for being the mixture of 1: 1 blended particle and whisker by volume in the aluminum matrix composite in the step 1, and the mixture of particle and whisker accounts for 10%～50% of aluminum matrix composite cumulative volume.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment seven: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: be that 20～40KHz, amplitude are to carry out supersound process 2～8s under the condition of 20～30 μ m in frequency in the step 1.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment eight: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: be that 30KHz, amplitude are to carry out supersound process 5s under the condition of 25 μ m to following test specimen in frequency in the step 1.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment nine: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: the solid phase that is cooled to weld metal in the step 2 accounts for 40%～50% of weld metal cumulative volume.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment ten: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: the solid phase that is cooled to weld metal in the step 2 accounts for 45% of weld metal cumulative volume.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment 11: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: be that 20～40KHz, amplitude are to carry out supersound process 2～4s under the condition of 20～30 μ m in frequency again in the step 2.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment 12: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: be that 30KHz, amplitude are to carry out supersound process 3s under the condition of 25 μ m in frequency again in the step 2.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment 13: present embodiment welding of aluminum based composites is realized the equally distributed method of welded seam area wild phase according to the following steps: one, to Al
2O
3pThe aluminum matrix composite of/2024Al heats, and then the Zn-Al solder is coated in Al
2O
3pOn the weld seam of the aluminum matrix composite of/2024Al, being heated to the Zn-Al solder becomes liquid phase, is that 20KHz, amplitude are supersound process 3s under the condition of 10 μ m in frequency, with postcooling; Two, the solid phase that is cooled to the Zn-Al solder accounts for 45% of Zn-Al solder cumulative volume, be that 20KHz, amplitude are to carry out supersound process 3s under the condition of 10 μ m in frequency again, air cooling promptly gets the welding joint of the equally distributed aluminum matrix composite of welded seam area wild phase to room temperature; Wherein the Zn-Al solder is that Al:5.24%, Cu:2.96%, Mg:0.39%, Ag:0.43%, Si:0.11%, Ni:0.1%, surplus are that Zn forms by weight percent.
In the present embodiment step 1 to Al
2O
3pThe aluminum matrix composite of/2024Al heats up and adopts the ultrasonic wave fine welding process to handle.
To become the temperature of liquid phase be 410 ℃ to the Zn-Al solder in the present embodiment step 1.
The solid phase of Zn-Al solder accounts for 45% o'clock of Zn-Al solder cumulative volume and is cooled to 370 ℃ of temperature in the present embodiment step 2, and wherein the solid-liquid phase line of Zn-Al solder is 366～376 ℃.
The weldment that present embodiment obtains through recording shearing strength of joint Gao Keda 238MPa, and does not take joint that the present invention handles generally about 200MPa.
Embodiment 14: present embodiment welding of aluminum based composites is realized the equally distributed method of welded seam area wild phase according to the following steps: one, to SiC
pThe aluminum matrix composite of/ZL101Al heats, then with SiC
p/ Zn-Al composite soldering is coated in SiC
pOn the weld seam of the aluminum matrix composite of/ZL101Al, be heated to SiC
p/ Zn-Al composite soldering becomes liquid phase, is that 20KHz, amplitude are supersound process 3s under the condition of 10 μ m in frequency then, with postcooling; Two, be cooled to SiC
pThe solid phase of/Zn-Al composite soldering accounts for SiC
p45% of/Zn-Al composite soldering cumulative volume is that 20KHz, amplitude are to carry out supersound process 3s under the condition of 10 μ m in frequency again, and air cooling promptly gets the welding joint of the equally distributed aluminum matrix composite of welded seam area wild phase to room temperature; SiC wherein
p/ Zn-Al composite soldering is that Al:5.24%, Cu:2.96%, Mg:0.39%, Ag:0.43%, Si:0.11%, Ni:0.1%, surplus are that Zn forms by weight percent.
In the present embodiment step 1 to SiC
pIt is to adopt the mode of the Vibration Liquid Phase welding of preseting solder formula to handle that the aluminum matrix composite of/ZL101Al heats up.
SiC in the present embodiment step 1
pThe temperature that/Zn-Al composite soldering becomes liquid phase is 385 ℃.
SiC in the present embodiment step 2
pThe solid phase of/Zn-Al composite soldering accounts for SiC
p40% o'clock of/Zn-Al composite soldering cumulative volume is cooled to 374 ℃ of temperature, wherein SiC
pThe solid-liquid phase line of/Zn-Al composite soldering is 368～380 ℃.
Weldment by present embodiment obtains carries out backscattered electron scanning (as shown in Figure 1) to the welding joint cross section, and the matrix alloy of as can be seen from Figure 1 SiC even particle distribution, and weld seam has obtained refinement.Through recording shearing strength of joint Gao Keda 120MPa, suitable with the intensity of mother metal.
Claims (4)
1. the welding of aluminum based composites makes the equally distributed method of welded seam area wild phase, it is characterized in that the welding of aluminum based composites is realized the equally distributed method of welded seam area wild phase according to the following steps: one, aluminum matrix composite is heated, then packing material is filled in the weld seam of aluminum matrix composite, be heated to packing material and become liquid phase, in frequency is that 16～60KHz, amplitude are supersound process 1～10s under the condition of 10～40 μ m, with postcooling; Two, be cooled to that the solid phase of metal accounts for 30%～60% of weld metal cumulative volume in the weld seam, be that 16～60KHz, amplitude are to carry out supersound process 1～6s under the condition of 10～40 μ m in frequency again, air cooling promptly gets the welding joint of the equally distributed aluminum matrix composite of welded seam area wild phase to room temperature; Wherein the aluminum substrate of aluminum matrix composite is pure Al, 2A12Al, 2014Al, 2024Al, 6061Al, 6063Al, 7075Al, ZL101Al or ZL102Al in the step 1; Packing material is the solder or the welding wire of Al base, Zn base or Sn base alloy in the step 1;
In the step 1 in the aluminum matrix composite wild phase be that mean particle size is SiC, the Al of 0.01～50 μ m
2O
3, TiC, TiB
2, AlN, TiN or ZrO
2Particle, the particle wild phase accounts for 5%～70% of aluminum matrix composite cumulative volume;
Perhaps in the step 1 in the aluminum matrix composite wild phase be that mean sizes is SiC, the Mg of 1～100 μ m
2B
2O
5Or Al
18B
4O
33Whisker, the whisker wild phase accounts for 5%～30% of aluminum matrix composite cumulative volume;
Perhaps wild phase is for being the mixture of 1: 1 blended particle and whisker by volume in the aluminum matrix composite in the step 1, and the mixture of particle and whisker accounts for 10%～50% of aluminum matrix composite cumulative volume.
2. welding of aluminum based composites according to claim 1 makes the equally distributed method of welded seam area wild phase, it is characterized in that in the step 1 in frequency being that 20～40KHz, amplitude are to carry out supersound process 2～8s under the condition of 20～30 μ m.
3. welding of aluminum based composites according to claim 1 makes the equally distributed method of welded seam area wild phase, it is characterized in that the solid phase that is cooled to the metal in the weld seam in the step 2 accounts for 40～50% of weld metal cumulative volume.
4. welding of aluminum based composites according to claim 1 makes the equally distributed method of welded seam area wild phase, it is characterized in that in the step 2 in frequency being that 20～40KHz, amplitude are to carry out supersound process 2～4s under the condition of 20～30 μ m again.
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| CN103924115B (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2016-02-24 | 南昌大学 | A kind of nano aluminum nitride strengthens the preparation method of magnesium base composite material |
| CN111112873A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 上海交通大学 | Aluminum alloy welding wire containing TiC and AlN hybrid particles and preparation method thereof |
| CN111112874A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 上海交通大学 | ZrB-containing material2Aluminum alloy welding wire with AlN mixed particles and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4959518A (en) * | 1989-05-30 | 1990-09-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method of welding stainless steel studs |
| CN1326658C (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2007-07-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Aluminium base composite material ultrasonic wave fine welding method |
| CN101259567A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2008-09-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for using ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4959518A (en) * | 1989-05-30 | 1990-09-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method of welding stainless steel studs |
| CN1326658C (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2007-07-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Aluminium base composite material ultrasonic wave fine welding method |
| CN101259567A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2008-09-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for using ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 许志武.Al2O3p/6061Al超声振动液相焊接技术研究.第十一次全国焊接会议论文集.2005,121-124. * |
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