CN101259567B - Method for using ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material - Google Patents

Method for using ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material Download PDF

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CN101259567B
CN101259567B CN2008100643782A CN200810064378A CN101259567B CN 101259567 B CN101259567 B CN 101259567B CN 2008100643782 A CN2008100643782 A CN 2008100643782A CN 200810064378 A CN200810064378 A CN 200810064378A CN 101259567 B CN101259567 B CN 101259567B
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solder
ultrasonic vibration
alloy column
composite material
aluminum matrix
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CN101259567A (en
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赵维巍
马志鹏
闫久春
李大成
叶广郁
陈端良
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

A method which adopts the ultrasonic vibration to carry out the plug welding of porous structure aluminum-based composite material relates to the plug welding method of the aluminum-based composite material. The method solves the problems that the existing porous structure has more welding connectors and complicated operation, the diffusion welding method needing high vacuum and great pressure is not applicable, by adopting the conventional melt welding method, the usage of the high-temperature heating can cause a strengthening phase ceramics and a substrate aluminum alloy to generate the harmful reaction, thus leading the strengthening phase to be seriously burned and reducing the strength of the connector. The method of the invention is that: 1) the surface of an alloy column (1) is firstly carried out the pretreatment; 2) the aluminum-based composite material (4) is carried out the preheating and the ultrasonic vibration is applied; 3) the alloy column (1) which is coated with a brazing filler metal on the surface is arranged in a hole (5) of the aluminum-based composite material (4), the aluminum-based composite material (4) is preheated, the wall of the hole (5) is heated, the ultrasonic vibration is applied after a brazing filler metal ring (8) is melted and a gap is filled, thus completing the welding. The welding connector of the invention has great shear strength, high strength and reliable performance.

Description

Adopt the method for ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material
Technical field
The present invention relates to aluminum matrix composite plug welding method.
Background technology
Structural member for the screwed hole used of a plurality of fastening accessories of design on panel has a wide range of applications, but the sheet material material adopts hard-to-machine material face to face, as the volume fraction that contains ceramic particle is up to 20～55% aluminum matrix composite, the external threading of then can not directly holing, inlay after can only holing can external threading alloy column.The intensity that bonds when adopting adhesive technology to inlay alloy column is lower, can peel off unsticking with the composite bonding interface at some alloy column of tapping process, can't guarantee quality of connection.Because it is very smooth after the processing of aluminum matrix composite hole inwall, so adopt pure mechanical connection can only adopt the mode of interference fit, but aluminum matrix composite elastic modelling quantity height, and plasticity is very low, so interference fit might cause the cracking of composite, cause the destruction of panel.At present, aluminum matrix composite adopts welding such as the method for conventional melting welding such as TIG, MIG, Laser Welding, electron beam welding, plasma welding, the high temperature heating can make wild phase pottery and aluminum matrix alloy generation adverse reaction, make the serious scaling loss of wild phase, reduce the intensity of joint, even the structure of destruction panel, it is infeasible that these problems make melting carry out plug welding.Because the loose structure welding point is many, complicated operation, diffusion welding (DW) etc. need the method for the big pressure of high vacuum also inapplicable, realize welding because the welding of Kong Yuzhu can't be exerted pressure.Though and vacuum brazing can be welded the test specimen of labyrinth, but because composite itself contains ceramic enhancement phase, make wetting difficulty between solder and the composite, and can only realize the welding of aluminium alloy post and aluminum matrix composite hole wall, defectives such as not connecting also can appear in the joint of postwelding can not form reliable connection.In addition, employed solder can only adopt aluminium base solder under vacuum environment, but can make welding temperature will reach about 600 ℃ as the Al-Si solder, and for aluminum matrix composite, surpasses 500 ℃ of performances that will reduce material.So, adopt the method for vacuum brazing also inapplicable.Be difficult to wetting problem between enhancing body that the aluminum matrix composite of method for welding ceramic enhancement phase surface exists under the non-vacuum condition and the filling solder, make the effect of adopting traditional brazing flux can not realize solder and mother metal complete wetting, pore, defective such as connection not can appear in postwelding, if liquid solder even can not sprawl at composite material surface when the content of wild phase is higher.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is many in order to solve existing loose structure welding point, complicated operation, diffusion welding (DW) needs the method for the big pressure of high vacuum also inapplicable, adopt the method high temperature heating of conventional melting welding can make wild phase pottery and aluminum matrix alloy generation adverse reaction, make the serious scaling loss of wild phase, reduce the intensity of joint, even destroy the structure of aluminum matrix composite, method for welding is difficult to wetting between surperficial enhancing body that exists of the aluminum matrix composite of ceramic enhancement phase and filling solder under the non-vacuum condition; Make the effect of adopting traditional brazing flux can not realize solder and mother metal complete wetting, pore, defective such as connection not can appear in postwelding, if liquid solder even can not sprawl at composite material surface when the content of wild phase is higher; And can only realize the welding of aluminium alloy post and aluminum matrix composite hole wall, defectives such as not connecting also can appear in the joint of postwelding, can not form the problem of reliable connection, a kind of method that adopts ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material is provided, and the concrete technical scheme that addresses the above problem is as follows:
The present invention adopts the step of ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material method as follows:
Step 1, at first preliminary treatment is carried out on the alloy column surface,, made the alloy column surface form intermetallic compounds layer the plating of alloy column elder generation, injection or hot dipping layer of aluminum;
Step 2, the solder in the solder pond is heated to 400～500 ℃, step 1 is carried out pretreated alloy column put into the solder pond through the surface, adopting the ultra-sonic frequency is that 20～100kHz, amplitude are the device of 5～30 μ m, apply ultrasonic vibration 5～60s to solder, make alloy column surface-coated one solder layer;
Step 3, the alloy column that step 2 is scribbled solder layer carry out machining, make thickness of filler be controlled at 50～200 μ m;
Step 4, the general porose aluminum matrix composite of processing belt are preheated to 150～250 ℃;
Step 5, with the hole that processes on the aluminum matrix composite with flame heat and make temperature be controlled at 400～500 ℃, the bottom of aluminum matrix composite is sealed with metal mat, in the liquid solder hand-hole, apply ultrasonic vibration 5～60s to solder, removing steel plate flows out liquid solder, remove flame, be cooled to preheat temperature, inwall applies a solder layer in the aluminum matrix composite hole;
Step 6, the alloy column that the step 2 surface is scribbled solder is put into the hole of aluminum matrix composite, gap between alloy column and the aluminum matrix composite hole wall is 50～300 μ m, and alloy column adjacent with aluminum matrix composite on the plane clearance place place the solder ring, the aluminum matrix composite that the hole inwall is coated solder is preheated to 150～250 ℃, with flame the hole wall that applies plug welding is heated, heating and temperature control is at 400～500 ℃, solder ring fusing back applies ultrasonic vibration to it, liquid solder is infiltrated under the effect of ultrasonic vibration in the hole wall and the gap between the alloy column of aluminum matrix composite, the gap is filled up, ultrasonic vibration 2～10s, remove flame, be cooled to room temperature, promptly finish welding.
When the present invention adopts above-mentioned plug welding method welding of aluminum based composites hole/7A09 aluminium alloy post, aluminum matrix composite hole/40Cr steel alloy post or aluminum matrix composite hole/TC4 titanium alloy post, the shearing strength maximum of joint can reach 207MPa, 195MPa, 204MPa respectively, the minimum of a value of shearing strength is respectively 160MPa, 111MPa, 114MPa, strength of joint height, the dependable performance of the inventive method welding.Because liquid solder can form good wet with mother metal in the welding process, thus resultant composite of postwelding and solder formation good combination, and in weld seam, do not have pore, defective such as connection not.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that alloy column 1 applies one deck solder in the step 2 of the present invention, Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that alloy column 1 another kind of mode applies one deck solder in the specific embodiment of the invention two, Fig. 3 is to the bottom usefulness steel plate 6 pad envelopes of aluminum matrix composite 4 with the schematic diagram in liquid solder 3 hand-holes 5 in the step 5, Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that applies one deck solder in the step 5 at the hole of aluminum matrix composite 45 inwalls, Fig. 5 is that the alloy column 1 that in the step 6 step 2 is coated with solder is put into hole 5 and placed the schematic diagram of solder ring 8 at alloy column 1 and aluminum matrix composite 4 adjacent top gap locations, and Fig. 6 is the product structure schematic diagram after welding is finished.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: describe present embodiment in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.The step of present embodiment method is:
Step 1, at first preliminary treatment is carried out on alloy column 1 surface,, made alloy column 1 surface form intermetallic compounds layer alloy column 1 first plating, injection or hot dipping layer of aluminum;
Alloy column 1 adopts titanium alloy, aluminium alloy or steel material.
Step 2, the solder in the solder pond 2 is heated to 400～500 ℃, to carry out pretreated alloy column 1 through the surface and put into solder pond 2, adopt Vltrasonic device 7, ultrasonic frequency is that 20～100kHz, amplitude are 5～30 μ m, apply ultrasonic vibration 5～60s to solder 3, make alloy column 1 surface-coated one solder layer;
Because alloy column 1 wetability is poor, interface bond strength is undesirable, and this step will be carried out preliminary treatment to titanium alloy surface before being coated with solder, makes the surface form intermetallic compounds layer, and the wetability of alloy column 1 is improved greatly.Ultrasonic wave acted in the solder pond can realize the alloy column surface coating solder, the method advantage is easy efficient height; Another kind is to adopt the solder rod will coat earlier solder on alloy column also to apply ultrasonic vibration (as Fig. 2) simultaneously, be coated with solder and add ultrasonic vibration and carry out synchronously, also can realize the coating solder on alloy column 1 surface, the method advantage is the coating quality height, and solder combines reliably with alloy column.
Step 3, the alloy column that step 2 is coated solder layer carry out machining, make thickness of filler be controlled at 50～200 μ m;
Step 4, the general porose aluminum matrix composite 4 (aluminum matrix composite 4 adopts sheet materials) of processing belt are preheated to 150～250 ℃;
Step 5, with the hole 5 usefulness flame heat that process on the aluminum matrix composite 4 and make temperature be controlled at 400～500 ℃, the bottom of aluminum matrix composite 4 is sealed with steel plate 6 pads, in liquid solder 3 hand-holes 5, apply ultrasonic vibration 5～60s, removing steel plate flows out liquid solder 3, remove flame, be cooled to preheat temperature, apply a solder layer 3-1 at aluminum matrix composite plate 4 hole inwalls;
Step 6, the alloy column 1 that the step 2 surface is scribbled solder is put into the hole 5 of aluminum matrix composite 4, gap between alloy column 1 and aluminum matrix composite 4 hole walls is 50～300 μ m, and alloy column 1 and aluminum matrix composite 4 adjacent on the plane clearance place place solder ring 8, the aluminum matrix composite 4 that hole 5 inwalls is scribbled solder layer 3-1 is preheated to 150～250 ℃, with flame the hole wall that applies plug welding is heated, heating and temperature control is at 400～500 ℃, solder ring 8 fusing backs apply ultrasonic vibration to it, liquid solder is infiltrated under the effect of ultrasonic vibration in the hole wall and the gap between the alloy column 1 of aluminum matrix composite 4, the gap is filled up, ultrasonic vibration 2～10s, remove flame, be cooled to room temperature, promptly finish welding.
Solder ring 8 is to press from both sides air admission hole (as Fig. 5) in the solder in order to solve to assemble to make under atmospheric environment.Need place a solder ring 8 with required additional solder after replenishing the removal pore at the top, junction.
The solder of postwelding commissure " protrusion " adopts the method (as mill, mill, line cutting processing mode) of machining to remove, and surface roughness is 1.6～12.8 μ m.
The specific embodiment two: the difference of the present embodiment and the specific embodiment one is that the another kind of mode of alloy column 1 surface coating solder in the step 2 is to adopt the solder rod will coat earlier solder on alloy column also to apply ultrasonic vibration (as Fig. 2) simultaneously, be coated with solder and add ultrasonic vibration and carry out synchronously, realize alloy column 1 surface coating solder 3.The method advantage is the coating quality height, and solder combines reliable with the alloy column surface.Machining will be carried out in alloy column 1 surface that coats behind the solder 3; Fineness 1.6-12.8.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: the solder in the present embodiment step 2 in the solder pond 2 is heated to 420 ℃.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment four: the ultrasonic frequency of Vltrasonic device 7 is that 20kHz, amplitude are 20 μ m in the present embodiment step 2, applies ultrasonic vibration 20s, makes alloy column 1 surface-coated one deck solder 3.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment five: machining is carried out on alloy column 1 surface that in the present embodiment step 3 step 2 is coated solder layer, and thickness of filler is 100 μ m.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment six: in the present embodiment step 4 aluminum matrix composite 4 of processing belt porose 5 is preheated to 200 ℃.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment seven: in the present embodiment step 5 to 5 walls of the hole on the aluminum matrix composite 4 with flame heat and make temperature be controlled at 420 ℃, apply ultrasonic vibration 20s.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment eight: the gap in the present embodiment step 6 between alloy column 1 and aluminum matrix composite 4 hole walls is 200 μ m, the aluminum matrix composite 4 that hole 5 inwalls is coated solder is preheated to 200 ℃, with the hole 5 walls heating of flame to applying plug welding, heating and temperature control applies ultrasonic vibration 3s at 420 ℃.Other step is identical with the specific embodiment one.
In addition, beginning to carry out step 6 again in step 5 after a plurality of holes inwall all having been applied solder applies the welding, also close one group of hole can be adopted in the step 5 hole inwall applied and directly carry out step 6 behind the solder and implement welding (solder layer still is liquid phase, aluminum matrix composite 4 need not reheat), again step 5 and the reciprocal operation of step 6 are carried out in next group hole, finish up to the welding in whole holes.This mode should be selected according to the structure of required weldment and the quantity in hole, and for example aluminum matrix composite 4 structures are than complexity and the hole should select this mode to reduce the distortion that repeatedly thermal cycle brings more for a long time as far as possible.But this mode is bigger than working strength with above-mentioned mode, complicated operation, so the control difficulty of butt welded seam quality strengthens.

Claims (9)

1. adopt the method for ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material, it is characterized in that the step of this method is as follows:
Step 1, at first preliminary treatment is carried out on alloy column (1) surface,, made alloy column (1) surface form intermetallic compounds layer the first plating of alloy column (1), injection or hot dipping layer of aluminum;
Step 2, the solder in solder pond (2) is heated to 400～500 ℃, to carry out pretreated alloy column (1) through the surface and put into solder pond (2), the employing ultrasonic frequency is that 20～100kHz, amplitude are the Vltrasonic device (7) of 5～30 μ m, the time that applies ultrasonic vibration is 5～60s, makes alloy column (1) surface-coated one deck solder;
Machining is carried out on step 3, alloy column (1) surface that step 2 is scribbled solder layer, makes thickness of filler be controlled at 50～200 μ m;
Step 4, the general aluminum matrix composite (4) of processing belt porose (5) are preheated to 150～250 ℃;
Step 5, with the hole (5) that processes on the aluminum matrix composite (4) with flame heat and make temperature be controlled at 400～500 ℃, the bottom of aluminum matrix composite (4) is sealed with steel plate (6) pad, in liquid solder (3) hand-hole (5), apply ultrasonic vibration 5～60s, removing steel plate flows out liquid solder (3), remove flame, be cooled to preheat temperature, on the wall in the hole (5) of aluminum matrix composite (4), apply a solder layer (3-1);
Step 6, the alloy column (1) that the step 2 surface is scribbled solder is put into the hole (5) of aluminum matrix composite (4), gap between alloy column (1) and aluminum matrix composite (4) hole wall is 50～300 μ m, and at alloy column (1) the last plane clearance place placement solder ring (8) adjacent with aluminum matrix composite (4), the aluminum matrix composite (4) that hole (5) inwall is coated solder is preheated to 150～250 ℃, with hole (5) the wall heating of flame to applying plug welding, heating and temperature control is at 400～500 ℃, solder ring (8) fusing back applies ultrasonic vibration to it, liquid solder is infiltrated under the effect of ultrasonic vibration in the gap between aluminum matrix composite (4) hole wall and the alloy column (1), the gap is filled up, the ultrasonic vibration time is 2～10s, remove flame, be cooled to room temperature, promptly finish welding.
2. the method for employing ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material according to claim 1, the another kind of mode that it is characterized in that alloy column in the step 2 (1) surface coating solder is to adopt the solder rod to be coated with solder on alloy column (1), and apply ultrasonic vibration simultaneously, be coated with solder and add ultrasonic vibration and carry out synchronously, finish alloy column (1) surface coating solder (3).
3. the method for employing ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that alloy column (1) adopts titanium alloy, aluminium alloy or steel material.
4. the method for employing ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the solder in solder pond (2) is heated to 420 ℃ in the step 2.
5. the method for employing ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material according to claim 1, the ultrasonic frequency that it is characterized in that Vltrasonic device in the step 2 (7) are that 20kHz, amplitude are 20 μ m, ultrasonic vibration 20s.
6. the method for employing ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the alloy column (1) that coats solder layer in the step 3 is carried out machining, and thickness of filler is 100 μ m.
7. the method for employing ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the step 4 the aluminum matrix composite (4) of processing belt porose (5) be preheated to 200 ℃.
8. the method for employing ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the gap between alloy column in the step 6 (1) and aluminum matrix composite (4) hole wall is 200 μ m, the aluminum matrix composite (4) that hole (5) wall is coated solder is preheated to 200 ℃, with hole (5) the wall heating of flame to applying plug welding, heating and temperature control is at 420 ℃, ultrasonic vibration 3s.
9. the method for employing ultrasonic vibration to process plug welding porous structure aluminium base composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the solder that the postwelding commissure is protruded adopts the method for machining to remove, and surface roughness is 1.6～12.8 μ m.
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